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{{Infobox religious biography
⚫
[[File:Shutong li.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Hong Yi]]
| honorific-prefix = Great Master
'''Hong Yi''' (1880–1942; {{zh|c=弘一|p=Hóngyī}}), born '''Li Shutong''' (李叔同) was a [[Han Chinese|Chinese]] [[Buddhist monk]], artist and art teacher. He also went by the names Wen Tao, Guang Hou, and Shu Tong, but was most commonly known by his Buddhist name, Hong Yi. He was a master painter, musician, dramatist, calligrapher, seal cutter, poet, and Buddhist monk.
| name = Hong Yi (Hong-it)
| honorific-suffix =
| native_name = 弘一（法師）<br/>演音
| native_name_lang = zh弘一法師
| image = Shutong li.jpg
| caption = Hong Yi.
| religion = [[Buddhism]]
| school = [[Risshū (Buddhism)|Lǜzong]]
|lineage = 11th generation
| temple = [[Kaiyuan Temple (Quanzhou)|Kaiyuan Temple]]
| alma_mater = Furen Academy<br>Nanyang Public School<br>[[Tokyo University of the Arts]]
| nationality = Chinese
| birth_name = Li Shutong<br/>({{zh|s=李叔同|p=|labels=no}})<br/>({{zh|s=李漱筒|p=|labels=no}})
| birth_date = {{birth date|1880|10|23}}
| birth_place = [[Tianjin]], [[Qing dynasty|Qing China]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1942|10|13|1880|10|23}}
| death_place = [[Quanzhou]], [[Fujian]], Republic of China
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|latitude|longitude|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} -->
| spouse = Yu Shi<br>Yezi
| children = 3
| parents = Li Shizhen<br/>({{zh|s=李世珍|p=|labels=no}})
| title =
| period =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| rank =
| teacher = Liaowu<br>Master Yinguang
| students = [[Feng Zikai]]<br>[[Liu Zhiping]]
| works = ''Maiden''<br>''Camellia''<br>''Self-Portrait''<br>''[[Songbie (song)]]''<br>
}}
'''Hong Yi''' (23 October 1880 &ndash; 13 October 1942; {{zh|c=弘一|p=Hóngyī|poj=Hông-it}}, also romanized '''''Hong-it'''''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Buddhist Schools: The Chinese Buddhist Schools |url=http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/history/b3schchn.htm |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=www.buddhanet.net}}</ref>), or '''Yan Yin''' ({{zh|c=演音|p=Yǎnyīn|poj=Ián-im}}), born '''Li Shutong''' (李叔同 and 李漱筒) was a [[Han Chinese|Chinese]] artist, musician, art teacher, and Buddhist monk. He also went by the names Wen Tao, Guang Hou, and Shu Tong, but was most commonly known by his Buddhist name, ''Hong Yi'' ([[Hokkien]] ''Hong-it'').


==Life==
==Life==
⚫
[[File:LiShutong.jpg|left|thumb|Li Shutong (Hong Yi)]]
He was born in [[Tianjin]] to a banking family originating in [[Hongdong County]], [[Shanxi]], that migrated to Tianjin in the [[Ming Dynasty]], though his mother was from [[Pinghu]], [[Zhejiang]] province.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.phlst.cn/shutong/ |title=平湖市李叔同紀念館——李叔同簡介 |publisher=Phlst.cn |date=2008-08-18 |accessdate=2011-12-18}}</ref>
He was born in [[Tianjin]] to a banking family originating in [[Hongtong County]], [[Shanxi]], that migrated to Tianjin in the [[Ming Dynasty]], though his mother was from [[Pinghu]], [[Zhejiang]] province.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.phlst.cn/shutong/ |title=平湖市李叔同紀念館——李叔同簡介 |publisher=Phlst.cn |date=2008-08-18 |accessdate=2011-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125185531/http://www.phlst.cn/shutong/ |archive-date=2011-11-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


In 1898 Li moved to [[Shanghai]] and joined the "Shanghai Painting and Calligraphy Association", and the "Shanghai Scholarly Society" while he was attending the [[Nanyang Public School]] (now Shanghai Jiao Tong University). In 1905 Li went to Japan to study at [[Tokyo University of the Arts|Tokyo School of Fine Art]] in [[Ueno Park]] where he specialized in Western painting and music, and met a lover by the name of Yukiko who was to become his concubine.<ref>[[C.C. Liu]] (2010) ''A Critical History of New Music in China''. The Chinese University Press, 2010 ISBN 962-996-360-4)</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Peter Micic |url=http://animperfectpen.blogspot.com/2009/02/li-shutong-and-writing-lifes-stories.html |title=Li Shutong and Writing Life's Stories |publisher=Animperfectpen.blogspot.com |date=2009-02-15 |accessdate=2011-12-18}}</ref> In 1910 Li returned to China and was appointed to Tianjin's Beiyang Advanced Industry School. The next year he was appointed as a music teacher in a girl's school in Shanghai. He went to [[Hangzhou]] in 1912 and became a lecturer in the Zhejiang Secondary Normal College (now [[Hangzhou Normal University]]). He taught not only Western painting and music but also art history. By 1915 [[Jiang Qian]] hired him as a teacher at Nanjing Normal College (renamed in 1949 to [[Nanjing Normal University]]), where he taught painting and music. He also taught at [[Zhejiang Secondary Normal School]] (浙江兩級師範學堂), the predecessor of the famous [[Hangzhou High School]].
In 1898 Li moved to [[Shanghai]] and joined the "Shanghai Painting and Calligraphy Association", and the "Shanghai Scholarly Society" while he was attending the [[Nanyang Public School]] (later became [[Shanghai Jiao Tong University|Jiaotong University]]). In 1905 Li went to Japan to study at [[Tokyo University of the Arts|Tokyo School of Fine Art]] in [[Ueno Park]] where he specialized in Western painting and music, and met a lover by the name of Yukiko who was to become his concubine.<ref>[[C.C. Liu]] (2010) ''A Critical History of New Music in China''. The Chinese University Press, 2010 {{ISBN|962-996-360-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Peter Micic |url=http://animperfectpen.blogspot.com/2009/02/li-shutong-and-writing-lifes-stories.html |title=Li Shutong and Writing Life's Stories |publisher=Animperfectpen.blogspot.com |date=2009-02-15 |accessdate=2011-12-18}}</ref> In 1910 Li returned to China and was appointed to Tianjin's Beiyang Advanced Industry School. The next year he was appointed as a music teacher in a girls' school in Shanghai. He went to [[Hangzhou]] in 1912 and became a lecturer in the Zhejiang Secondary Normal College (now [[Hangzhou Normal University]]). He taught not only Western painting and music but also art history. By 1915 [[Jiang Qian]] hired him as a teacher at Nanjing Higher Normal School (renamed in 1949 to [[Nanjing University]]), where he taught painting and music. He also taught at [[Zhejiang Secondary Normal School]] (浙江兩級師範學堂), the predecessor of the famous [[Hangzhou High School]].


During these later years, Li’s reputation grew, as he became the first Chinese educator to use nude models in his painting classes, not to mention as the first teacher of Western music in China. Some of the students, like Singapore artist [[Chen Wen Hsi]] (陳文希）whom he personally groomed, went on to become accomplished masters of the arts in their later days. Li Shutong himself was also an accomplished composer and lyricist. Many of his compositions are still remembered and performed today.
During these later years, Li's reputation grew, as he became the first Chinese educator to use nude models in his painting classes, not to mention as the first teacher of Western music in China. Some of the students, like Singapore artist [[Chen Wen Hsi]] (陳文希）whom he personally groomed, went on to become accomplished masters of the arts in their later days. Li Shutong himself was also an accomplished composer and lyricist. Many of his compositions are still remembered and performed today.


In 1916, Li underwent a 21-day fast at a temple in Hangzhou, and experienced the benefit of a spiritual life. The following year, he took refuge in the [[Three Jewels]] of Buddhism. After spending another year there, Li began a new chapter in his life by choosing to be ordained as a monk, and thus began a holistic life dedicated to propagating Buddhism and its code of conduct. After becoming a monk he practised only calligraphy, developing a simple and unadorned, yet unique style, which was treasured by everyone who received a sample. He became known to all as Master Hong Yi. In 1942, Master Hong Yi died peacefully at the age of 63 in [[Quanzhou]], [[Fujian]] Province.
In 1916 Li became a Buddhist. After spending another year in spiritual retreat, Li chose to be ordained as a monk, and thus began a holistic life dedicated to propagating Buddhism and its code of conduct. After becoming a monk he practised only calligraphy, developing a simple and unadorned, yet unique style, which was treasured by everyone who received a sample. He became known to all as Master Hong Yi. In 1942, Master Hong Yi died peacefully at the age of 61 in [[Quanzhou]], [[Fujian]] Province. Li is one of the three great poetic monks in the late Qing Dynasty.(others for [[Su Manshu]], Shi Jingan).


==Commemorations and Exhibitions==
==Commemorations and exhibitions==
Beijing-based progressive-metal rock band the [[Tang Dynasty (band)|Tang Dynasty]] recorded a rock-version of Master Hong Yi's famous romantic ballad, the ''Farewell song'' in their second album ''Epic''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-99gQRcVOI |title=唐朝乐队 送别 现场版 |publisher=YouTube |date=2007-11-01 |accessdate=2011-12-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anus.com/metal/about/interviews/kaiser_kuo/ |title=Kaiser Kuo Interview at the Dark Legions Archive black metal and death metal interviews |publisher=Anus.com |date= |accessdate=2011-12-18}}</ref>
Beijing-based progressive-metal rock band the [[Tang Dynasty (band)|Tang Dynasty]] recorded a rock-version of Master Hong Yi's famous romantic ballad, the ''Farewell song'' in their second album ''Epic''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-99gQRcVOI |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/3-99gQRcVOI |archive-date=2021-12-14 |url-status=live|title=唐朝乐队 送别 现场版 |publisher=YouTube |date=2007-11-01 |accessdate=2011-12-18}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anus.com/metal/about/interviews/kaiser_kuo/ |title=Kaiser Kuo Interview at the Dark Legions Archive black metal and death metal interviews |publisher=Anus.com |accessdate=2011-12-18 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623154102/http://www.anus.com/metal/about/interviews/kaiser_kuo/ |archivedate=2012-06-23 }}</ref>


A special 130th anniversary celebration of Master Hong Yi showcasing his calligraphy and painting works took place in 2010 in Shanghai, partly sponsored by the Pinghu Municipal Government, and attended by a granddaughter of Hong Yi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.pinghu.gov.cn/docs/Updating/2010-06-23/1277340444089.html |title=Exhibition of Painting & Calligraphy Works of Li Shutong, Lu Weizhao and Wu Yifeng in Shanghai|publisher=English.pinghu.gov.cn |date=2010-06-23 |accessdate=2011-12-18}}</ref>
A special 130th anniversary celebration of Master Hong Yi showcasing his calligraphy and painting works took place in 2010 in Shanghai, partly sponsored by the Pinghu Municipal Government, and attended by a granddaughter of Hong Yi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.pinghu.gov.cn/docs/Updating/2010-06-23/1277340444089.html |title=Exhibition of Painting & Calligraphy Works of Li Shutong, Lu Weizhao and Wu Yifeng in Shanghai |publisher=English.pinghu.gov.cn |date=2010-06-23 |accessdate=2011-12-18 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426040419/http://english.pinghu.gov.cn/docs/Updating/2010-06-23/1277340444089.html |archivedate=2012-04-26 }}</ref>


==Important works==
==Important works==
;Publications
*''A Graphical Explanation of the Bhikhhu's Precepts in Dharmagupta Vinaya'' ([[Chinese characters|Chinese]]: ''四分律比丘戒相表記''{{ill|四分律比丘戒相表記|lt=''A Graphical Explanation of the Bhikhhu's Precepts in Dharmagupta Vinaya''|zh|四分律比丘戒相表記}})
*''The Guide to the Nanshan Vinaya for Lay Buddhists'' ([[Chinese characters|Chinese]]: ''南山律在家備覽'')

;Collections
;Collections
*''Happy Stones''
*''Happy Stones''
Line 22: Line 59:


;Articles
;Articles
*''How to Paint'' ''圖畫修得法''
*''How to Paint'' ([[Chinese characters|Chinese]]: ''圖畫修得法'')
*''An Introduction to Watercolors '' ''水彩畫法說略''
*''An Introduction to Watercolors '' ([[Chinese characters|Chinese]]: ''水彩畫法說略'')


;Lyrics
;Lyrics
*Song: ''[[Song Bie Ge]]'' (Farewell Song) 送别歌
*Song: ''[[Dreaming of Home and Mother#Songbie in Chinese|Song Bie Ge]]'' (Farewell Song) ([[Chinese characters|Chinese]]: ''送别歌'')


;Music
;Music
*Song:　''Childhood memories''
*Song: ''Childhood memories'' ([[Chinese characters|Chinese]]: ''憶兒時'')
*Song: ''Song of Spring Sightseeing'' ([[Chinese characters|Chinese]]: ''春游曲'')
*[[:zh:佛寶歌]] Buddhist jewels song, [[Taixu]] lyrics
*Song: ''Song of Three Jewels'' (Buddhist Refuge), [[Taixu]] lyrics ([[Chinese characters|Chinese]]: ''[[:zh:三寶歌]]'')


==See also==
==See also==
Line 43: Line 81:
==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
*[http://www.buddhistdoor.com/oldweb/bdoor/0202/sources/hongyi.htm Master Hong Yi and his calligraphy and painting]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081205021829/http://www.buddhistdoor.com/OldWeb/bdoor/0202/sources/hongyi.htm Master Hong Yi and his calligraphy and painting]


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Qing dynasty painters]]
[[Category:Qing dynasty painters]]
[[Category:Hangzhou High School alumni]]
[[Category:Hangzhou High School alumni]]
[[Category:Qing dynasty Buddhists]]
[[Category:Qing dynasty Buddhist monks]]
[[Category:Republic of China musicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Chinese musicians]]
[[Category:Republic of China Buddhists]]
⚫
[[Category:Painters from Tianjin]]
[[Category:Chinese Buddhist monks]]
[[Category:Chinese Buddhist monks]]
⚫
[[Category:Painters from Tianjin]]
[[Category:Qing dynasty calligraphers]]
[[Category:Qing dynasty calligraphers]]
[[Category:Republic of China calligraphers]]
[[Category:20th-century Chinese calligraphers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Tianjin]]
[[Category:Musicians from Tianjin]]
[[Category:20th-century Chinese painters]]
[[Category:20th-century Chinese painters]]
[[Category:19th-century Chinese artists]]
[[Category:20th-century Chinese people]]
[[Category:Buddhist artists]]
[[Category:Chinese music educators]]
[[Category:Chinese art educators]]
[[Category:Tokyo University of the Arts alumni]]
[[Category:National Chiao Tung University (Shanghai) alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Buddhist monks]]

Latest revision as of 00:21, 3 October 2024

Great Master
Hong Yi (Hong-it)
弘一（法師）
演音
Hong Yi.
Personal
Born
Li Shutong
(李叔同)
(李漱筒)

(1880-10-23)October 23, 1880
Tianjin, Qing China
DiedOctober 13, 1942(1942-10-13) (aged 61)
Quanzhou, Fujian, Republic of China
ReligionBuddhism
NationalityChinese
SpouseYu Shi
Yezi
Children3
Parent(s)Li Shizhen
(李世珍)
SchoolLǜzong
Lineage11th generation
Notable work(s)Maiden
Camellia
Self-Portrait
Songbie (song)
Alma materFuren Academy
Nanyang Public School
Tokyo University of the Arts
Organization
TempleKaiyuan Temple
Senior posting
TeacherLiaowu
Master Yinguang
Students

Hong Yi (23 October 1880 – 13 October 1942; Chinese: 弘一; pinyin: Hóngyī; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hông-it, also romanized Hong-it[1]), or Yan Yin (Chinese: 演音; pinyin: Yǎnyīn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ián-im), born Li Shutong (李叔同 and 李漱筒) was a Chinese artist, musician, art teacher, and Buddhist monk. He also went by the names Wen Tao, Guang Hou, and Shu Tong, but was most commonly known by his Buddhist name, Hong Yi (Hokkien Hong-it).

Life

[edit]
Li Shutong (Hong Yi)

He was born in Tianjin to a banking family originating in Hongtong County, Shanxi, that migrated to Tianjin in the Ming Dynasty, though his mother was from Pinghu, Zhejiang province.[2]

In 1898 Li moved to Shanghai and joined the "Shanghai Painting and Calligraphy Association", and the "Shanghai Scholarly Society" while he was attending the Nanyang Public School (later became Jiaotong University). In 1905 Li went to Japan to study at Tokyo School of Fine Art in Ueno Park where he specialized in Western painting and music, and met a lover by the name of Yukiko who was to become his concubine.[3][4] In 1910 Li returned to China and was appointed to Tianjin's Beiyang Advanced Industry School. The next year he was appointed as a music teacher in a girls' school in Shanghai. He went to Hangzhou in 1912 and became a lecturer in the Zhejiang Secondary Normal College (now Hangzhou Normal University). He taught not only Western painting and music but also art history. By 1915 Jiang Qian hired him as a teacher at Nanjing Higher Normal School (renamed in 1949 to Nanjing University), where he taught painting and music. He also taught at Zhejiang Secondary Normal School (浙江兩級師範學堂), the predecessor of the famous Hangzhou High School.

During these later years, Li's reputation grew, as he became the first Chinese educator to use nude models in his painting classes, not to mention as the first teacher of Western music in China. Some of the students, like Singapore artist Chen Wen Hsi (陳文希）whom he personally groomed, went on to become accomplished masters of the arts in their later days. Li Shutong himself was also an accomplished composer and lyricist. Many of his compositions are still remembered and performed today.

In 1916 Li became a Buddhist. After spending another year in spiritual retreat, Li chose to be ordained as a monk, and thus began a holistic life dedicated to propagating Buddhism and its code of conduct. After becoming a monk he practised only calligraphy, developing a simple and unadorned, yet unique style, which was treasured by everyone who received a sample. He became known to all as Master Hong Yi. In 1942, Master Hong Yi died peacefully at the age of 61 in Quanzhou, Fujian Province. Li is one of the three great poetic monks in the late Qing Dynasty.(others for Su Manshu, Shi Jingan).

Commemorations and exhibitions

[edit]

Beijing-based progressive-metal rock band the Tang Dynasty recorded a rock-version of Master Hong Yi's famous romantic ballad, the Farewell song in their second album Epic.[5][6]

A special 130th anniversary celebration of Master Hong Yi showcasing his calligraphy and painting works took place in 2010 in Shanghai, partly sponsored by the Pinghu Municipal Government, and attended by a granddaughter of Hong Yi.[7]

Important works

[edit]
Publications
Collections
  • Happy Stones
  • Li Shutong's Seals
Articles
  • How to Paint (Chinese: 圖畫修得法)
  • An Introduction to Watercolors (Chinese: 水彩畫法說略)
Lyrics
Music

See also

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 李叔同.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Buddhist Schools: The Chinese Buddhist Schools". www.buddhanet.net. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  2. ^ "平湖市李叔同紀念館——李叔同簡介". Phlst.cn. 2008-08-18. Archived from the original on 2011-11-25. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
  3. ^ C.C. Liu (2010) A Critical History of New Music in China. The Chinese University Press, 2010 ISBN 962-996-360-4
  4. ^ Peter Micic (2009-02-15). "Li Shutong and Writing Life's Stories". Animperfectpen.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
  5. ^ "唐朝乐队 送别 现场版". YouTube. 2007-11-01. Archived from the original on 2021-12-14. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
  6. ^ "Kaiser Kuo Interview at the Dark Legions Archive black metal and death metal interviews". Anus.com. Archived from the original on 2012-06-23. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
  7. ^ "Exhibition of Painting & Calligraphy Works of Li Shutong, Lu Weizhao and Wu Yifeng in Shanghai". English.pinghu.gov.cn. 2010-06-23. Archived from the original on 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
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