Help:Sortable tables

For other uses, see Help:Sorting.

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• MOS (Accessibility).

Creating sortable tables

The properties panel of a table in VisualEditor allows you to mark a table as sortable.

Tables can be made sortable via client-side JavaScript by adding class="wikitable sortable" to their top line. These tables need to be properly formatted, with the correct number of cells. Additionally, you need to make sure that the headers of your column are properly indicated in the wikitext. For this, the ! character is used in the table syntax.

If you are using the Visual Editor, you can open the properties dialog of a table and select the sortable option.

Simple example

This is the wikitext of the table shown in the first section and shows the typical way to enable table sorting:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! name
! data
! more data
|-
| cats
| 273
| 53
|-
| dogs
| 65
| 8,492
|-
| mice
| 1,649
| 548
|}

The ! indicates cells that are header cells. In order for a table to be sortable, the first row(s) of a table need to be entirely made up out of these header cells. You can learn more about the basic table syntax by taking the Introduction to tables for source editing.

Initial sort order of rows

When users are first presented with a table, the rows will always appear in the same order as in the wikitext. If you want a table to appear sorted by a certain column, you must sort the wikitext itself in that order. This is usually done for the first column. The VisualEditor makes it easy to move individual table columns and rows around. For info about that, and also about putting a table in initial alphabetical order see § Initial alphabetical order.

Using sortable tables

When browsing Wikipedia you may encounter tables that have been made sortable. A sortable table is a type of table used to allow readers to sort its data by clicking on the header cells of columns. It is identifiable by the arrows in one or more of its header cells. Typically, readers can sort data in ascending or descending order based on the values in the selected column. The first click on the header cell will sort the column’s data in ascending order, a second click of the same arrow descending order, and a third click will restore the original order of the entire table. For example; a third click causes List of countries by intentional homicide rate to reset to its original order by subregion.

Sortable tables are particularly useful for organizing and navigating large sets of data. For example, you might have a table displaying names, dates, or numerical data. By making the table sortable, you allow readers to click on the column header to sort by, for example, alphabetical order (A–Z or Z–A) for names, chronological order for dates, or numerical order for numbers (low to high or high to low).

The actual sorting process will happen on the computer-side using client-side JavaScript. For this reason, it is only possible to use this functionality if you have JavaScript enabled in your web browser. The sorting process is also dependent on your computer and the amount of data. Sorting a very large table on a low-performance computer may take a long time.

Example

This is an example of a small sortable table:

Rendered result

name	data	more data
cats	273	53
dogs	65	8,492
mice	1,649	548

Wiki source

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! name
! data
! more data
|-
| cats
| 273
| 53
|-
| dogs
| 65
| 8,492
|-
| mice
| 1,649
| 548
|}

Tables with complex headers

Tables with more complex headers than before now sort correctly. For example:

Rendered result

name	data columns
	data	more data
cats	273	53
dogs	65	8,492
mice	1,649	548

Wiki source

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! rowspan=2 | name
! colspan=2 | data columns
|-
! data
! more data
|-
| cats
| 273
| 53
|-
| dogs
| 65
| 8,492
|-
| mice
| 1,649
| 548
|}

Using two or more header rows, the sort arrows are placed on the bottom or lowest header row by default. They can be placed a maximum of one row higher than the lowest header row by setting class="sorttop" at the top of the bottom header row. For example:

Default column 1 column 2 3 7 1 3 2 4 {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! column 1 ! column 2 |- ! style="text-align:left;" | 3 ! style="text-align:left;" | 7 |- | 1 | 3 |- | 2 | 4 |}

Using class="sorttop" column 1 column 2 3 7 1 3 2 4 {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! column 1 ! column 2 |- class="sorttop" ! style="text-align:left;" | 3 ! style="text-align:left;" | 7 |- | 1 | 3 |- | 2 | 4 |}

Tables with merged data rows

Further information: Help:Tables § Colspan and rowspan, and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility/Data tables tutorial § Complex tables

It is possible to create tables with cells that stretch over two or more columns or rows (also known as merged cells). For columns, one uses |colspan=n | content, whereas for rows, one uses |rowspan=m | content. In the table code, one must leave out the cells that are covered by such a span. The resulting column- and row-counting must fit. Tables can have cells spanning multiple rows, using |rowspan=n.

The number of rows must be indicated with each use of rowspan. Before any sorting can be done, the rowspan setup must be correct. The wikitext must be correct. An incorrect rowspan organization can break sorting, cause weird table formatting, move data to the wrong column, etc.

See examples below.

When sorted all the rows are filled. Tables without rowspan are much easier to maintain by less experienced editors, and by editors who are stopping by only once to edit the table.

Correct rowspan numbers and wikitext, with sorting in working order:

Rendered result

name	data	year
cats	273	2013
dogs	65	2014
mice	1,649

Wiki source

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! name
! data
! year
|-
| cats
| 273
| 2013
|-
| dogs
| 65
| rowspan=2 | 2014
|-
| mice
| 1,649
<!--column 3 spanned by cell "2014"-->
|}

Note that, after sorting, the rowspanning cells are cut into rows and their content is repeated (the year "2014" in the example). If the original order of a table is restored by clicking a third time on the same arrow, then the cells will remain repeated and not revert to the original rowspan.

See example below. The wikitext is incorrect. Line 17 should not exist. Compare to correct table above. Result in this case is an added empty column.

Rendered result

name	data	year
cats	273	2013
dogs	65	2014
mice	1,649

Wiki source

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! name
! data
! year
|-
| cats
| 273
| 2013
|-
| dogs
| 65
| rowspan=2 | 2014
|-
| mice
| 1,649
|
|}

Online table editors and rowspan

There is an easy online wiki table editor here:

• wikitable.eu5.org

It makes it easy to edit the text and links in individual cells of a table. It is especially easy when there are no rowspans in the body of a table. See the previous section. Without rowspans it is easier to change the underlying framework of a table, and move stuff around. Once the wikitext framework is simpler, the online table editor is simpler too, because you do not have to edit the wikitext as much in order to edit the table.

Secondary key and multi-key sorting

When a column contains repeated values, sorting the column should maintain the original order of rows within each subset that shares the same value. This is known as stable sorting. As a result, multi-key sorting (sorting by primary, secondary, tertiary keys, etc.) can be achieved by sorting the least significant key first and the most significant key last. For example, to sort the table by the "Text" column and then by the "Numbers" column, you would first click on and sort by the "Numbers" column, the secondary key, and then click on and sort by the "Text" column, primary key.

Another method for multi-key sorting is to hold down the ⇧ Shift key while clicking on column headings. For instance, to sort by the "Text" column followed by the “Numbers" column, you would first click on the “Text” column heading (primary key), then hold down the ⇧ Shift key and click on the “Numbers" column heading (secondary key).

There can be a problem with sorting if the Google translation gadget (see discussion) is enabled in Preferences → Gadgets → GoogleTrans. It may seem like shift-click secondary sorting is not working because of the delay due to the translation popup for the name in the column head. The gadget can be turned on and off quickly, once enabled in preferences, from the "Tools" menu at the upper right of any page. There are many browser translation addons (such as Simple Translate for Firefox, Chrome, and Edge) that work as well or better than the gadget.

Numbers	Text	More text
4	a	row 1
5	a	row 2
1	b	row 3
1	a	row 4
2	x	row 5
2	a	row 6
3	a	row 7
3	z	row 8
3	z	row 9
3	z	row 10
3	z	row 11
25	z	row 12
Bottom

Optimising tables for a narrow display

Vertical headers

Further information: Template:Vert header

Rendered result

name	data	more data	another column
cats	273	53	1
dogs	65	8,492	2
mice	1,649	548	3

Wiki source

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! {{vert header|stp=1|name}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|data}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|more data}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|another column}}
|-
| cats
| 273
| 53
| 1
|-
| dogs
| 65
| 8,492
| 2
|-
| mice
| 1,649
| 548
| 3
|}

{{vertical header}} also works with headers that span rows or columns (using rowspan and colspan). Note that there is no vertical bar | between rowspan=2 and {{vertical header}}

Rendered result

name	data columns		another column
	data	more data
cats	273	53	1
dogs	65	8,492	2
mice	1,649	548	3

Wiki source

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! rowspan=2 {{vert header|stp=1|name}}
! colspan=2 {{vert header|data columns}}
! rowspan=2 {{vert header|stp=1|another column}}
|-
! {{vert header|stp=1|data}}
! {{vert header|stp=1|more data}}
|-
| cats
| 273
| 53
| 1
|-
| dogs
| 65
| 8,492
| 2
|-
| mice
| 1,649
| 548
| 3
|}

Sort under template

Tracked in Phabricator
Task T35249

{{sort under}} can be used to make the sorting arrows appear underneath the header text, which may be desirable to narrow the width of a column.

name	data columns
	data	more data
cats	273	53
dogs	65	8,492
mice	1,649	548

Restrictions and exclusions

Tables can only be sorted vertically by clicking on the column headers (topmost cells). When a column header is clicked, the rows of the table reorder themselves in an up-and-down manner, based on the values in that column. However, there is no functionality to sort columns horizontally by clicking on a cell in the leftmost row. Thus, the table columns will not rearrange themselves left-to-right based on their data, as sorting horizontally is not supported in typical sortable table implementations.

Making selected columns unsortable

If you want a specific column not to be sortable, specify class=unsortable in the attributes of its header cell. If you have a sorting row then class=unsortable must be in the header cell with the sorting icon.

(When using {{vert header}}, disable column sorting by omitting |stp=1 in that template, which overrides anything placed before it.)

Wiki source

{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Numbers!! class="unsortable" |Unsortable
|-
|1||This
|-
|2||Column
|-
|3||Is
|-
|4||Unsortable
|-
|5||See?
|-
!Total: 15!!
|}

Rendered result

Numbers	Unsortable
1	This
2	Column
3	Is
4	Unsortable
5	See?
Total: 15

Excluding final rows from sorting

Sometimes it is helpful to exclude the last row of a table from the sorting process. There are two methods to achieve this.

Header as a footer

You want a repeat of the header at the bottom. You do this by using the ! (exclamation mark) syntax for all cells in the last row of the table. This will be recognized as a footer and the row will not be part of the sorting. This footer makes it a complex table, and so scopes help accessibility via screen readers.

Wiki source

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Header as footer example
|-
!scope=col| Name
!scope=col| Surname
!scope=col| Height
|-
!scope=row| John
| Smith
| 1.85
|-
!scope=row| Ron
| Ray
| 1.89
|-
!scope=row| Mario
| Bianchi
| 1.72
|-
!scope=col| Name
!scope=col| Surname
!scope=col| Height
|}

Rendered result

Header as footer example

Name	Surname	Height
John	Smith	1.85
Ron	Ray	1.89
Mario	Bianchi	1.72
Name	Surname	Height

This applies to all rows at the end of the table that are consecutive and fully made up out of header cells. Those rows will not sort.

Summation footer

This can be achieved using class=sortbottom on the desired table row (line starting with |-).

Wiki source

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Summation footer example
|-
!scope=col| Name
!scope=col| Surname
!scope=col| Height
|-
!scope=row| John
| Smith
| 1.85
|-
!scope=row| Ron
| Ray
| 1.89
|-
!scope=row| Mario
| Bianchi
| 1.72
|- class=sortbottom
!scope=row colspan=2 | Average:||1.82
|}

Rendered result

Summation footer example

Name	Surname	Height
John	Smith	1.85
Ron	Ray	1.89
Mario	Bianchi	1.72
Average:		1.82

This is a complex table due to the "Average" cell spanning 2 columns. "Average" is also the row heading for the last row. Using the ! (exclamation mark) syntax with scope=row causes the correct header HTML to be generated, which aids in accessibility, e.g., for those using screen readers.

It is possible to keep multiple lines fixed at the bottom, as long as the lines are consecutive.

If the "sortbottom" rows are not consecutive, then when the original order of a table is restored by clicking a third time on the same arrow then rows with class=sortbottom will remain at the bottom even if they were not originally at the bottom.

Excluding top rows from sorting

This works the same as above for plain (non-header) rows at the top. This can be achieved using class="sorttop" on the desired table row (line starting with |-). It is possible to keep multiple lines fixed at the top, as long as the lines are consecutive.

Configuring the sorting

By default, the system tries to guess the data type in each column. It does this by looking at the first five rows and evaluating their contents. This process works most of the time but can also easily get confused if you have inconsistent values or additional specifiers that the system doesn't know about. To avoid this ambiguity you can force a particular data type or override the value of a cell. For numeric values, consider using template {{Val}}, see examples at Template:Val § Sorting.

Forcing a column to have a particular data type

Further information: meta:Help:Sorting § Forcing the sort mode for a column

The data-sort-type="..." attribute can be added inside the header of a column to ensure that the cells underneath are all treated as a specified type of data.  It must go in the header cell with the sorting icon. It will not work in a header cell without a sorting icon. For example; when there are two rows of headers, the bottom row will always have the sorting icons, as explained previously.

The following (case-insensitive) values are valid for data-sort-type:

• text
• number
• currency
• url for website addresses
• IPAddress for numeric internet protocol addresses
• date for language specific standard date format
• isoDate for dates in ISO 8601 format (i.e. YYYY-MM-DD)
• usLongDate for dates in the US format of month day, year. Must have all 3 to work.
• time

data-sort-type=text

data-sort-type=text uses alphabetical sorting of text, but numbers are sorted numerically within that alphabetical sorting. See natural sort order.

For example:

Without any data-sort-type
{| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Album |- ... etc ... |} Album 21 193 215 21 19 21 Matinée 21 19 Everything Is New Love & War

With data-sort-type=text
{| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! data-sort-type=text | Album |- ... etc ... |} Album 21 193 215 21 19 21 Matinée 21 19 Everything Is New Love & War

Without data-sort-type=text in the header, the tablesorter gets confused by the numeric titles in the first few rows into treating the entire column as numeric. This results in it wrongly sorting the non-numeric titles as zero regardless of the alphabetical ordering of their text.

Note that if a column without declared sort-type contains only numeric values within the first top five cells, but with a reference <ref>...</ref> immediately after the last digit of at least one number in those first five cells, this may cause the column to be sorted as text. This can be avoided by declaring a different sort type such as: data-sort-type=number

Default data type of a column

If you do not specify a data-sort-type, the sort modes (the data types, which, in addition to the choice "ascending" or "descending", determine the sorting order) are as follows:

date (see also below)

• criterion: the first non-blank element is of the form "DD-MM-YYYY", "DD-MM-YY", or "DD mmm YYYY"
• order: numeric value of YYYYMMDD; The string DDsMMsYYYY of length 10 (if characters positioned at s are equal together and are either '/' or '-' separator) is positioned as YYYYMMDD, the string DDsMMsYY of length 8 (if characters positioned at s are equal together and are either '/' or '-' separator) as 19YYMMDD if YY >= 50 and 20YYMMDD otherwise, and the string "DD mmm YYYY" with mmm an (abbreviated) month name.

isoDate (ISO 8601)

• criterion: format "±YYYY-MM-DD", with 1-4 digits for year "YYYY" from -9999 to 9999, month only with digits, format "±YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.sss±TH:TM" with time hour "hh", minutes "mm", seconds "ss.sss", and time zone offset "TH:TM, right values are optional.
• order: numeric, with time in milliseconds after 01 January, 1970 UTC.

currency (this mode can be useful for other data also)

• criterion: the first non-blank element starts with $, £, €, or ¥
• order: numeric, ignoring these symbols and all ordinary letters and commas, but not spaces; note that scientific notation cannot be used, as e and E are removed

number

• criterion: the first non-blank element consists of just digits, points, commas, spaces, "+", "-", possibly followed by "e" or "E" and a string consisting of "+", "-", digits
• order: after removing the commas and spaces, if any, if the string starts with a number the order is numeric according to the first number in the string (parseFloat is applied); it is regarded as zero if it is empty; in other cases (parseFloat returns NaN), the element is positioned like -∞.

string

• criterion: all other cases;
• order: uses locale specific (so in this case English) ordering if your browser supports it. Alternatively after conversion of capitals to lowercase the order is ASCII – partial list showing the order: !"#$%&'()*+,-./09:;<=>?@[\]^_'az{|}~é— (see also below; a blank space comes before every other character; a non-breaking space code   counts as a space; two adjacent ordinary blank spaces count as one; for multiple blank spaces one can use   or alternate   and ordinary blank spaces)

If more than one possible type matches, the first type in the above order is chosen. For example, "24-12-2007" matches as a date, so is not treated as a number. Formatting and markup tags are ignored when determining the matching type.

The sort mode is determined by the first 5 non-blank rows below the header after loading the page. This can also change after deleting a row, or adding a column. Therefore, it is wise to make sure that every element matches the criterion for the required data type. Using a row template this can be done very conveniently.

The method of making sure the sort mode of each column is as desired, is specify a data-sort-type, see above.

Specifying a sort key for a cell

Sometimes the value of a cell is not correctly parsed or one wants to sort the row in a special way. (e.g. a cell containing 'John Doe' should actually be sorted as 'Doe' and not as 'John'). This can be easily achieved by using {{sortname}}, like this:

Wiki source

{|class="wikitable sortable" !Name and surname!!Height |- |{{sortname|John|Smith|nolink=1}}||1.85 |- |{{sortname|Ian|Ray|nolink=1}}||1.89 |- |{{sortname|Zachary|Bianchi|nolink=1}}||1.72 |- !Average:||1.82 |}

Rendered result

Name and surname	Height
John Smith	1.85
Ian Ray	1.89
Zachary Bianchi	1.72
Average:	1.82

Alternatively, you can set the data-sort-value attribute:

Wiki source

{|class="wikitable sortable" !Name and surname!!Height |- |data-sort-value="Smith, John"|John Smith||1.85 |- |data-sort-value="Ray, Ian"|Ian Ray||1.89 |- |data-sort-value="Bianchi, Zachary"|Zachary Bianchi||1.72 |- !Average:||1.82 |}

For example, this is handy to sort military ranks in rank-seniority order:

Wiki markup

{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Name and surname!!Rank
|-
|data-sort-value="Smith, John"|John Smith||data-sort-value="16"|[[Corporal|Cpl]]
|-
|data-sort-value="Ray, Ian"|Ian Ray||data-sort-value="8"|[[Captain (OF-2)|Capt]]
|-
|data-sort-value="Bianchi, Zachary"|Zachary Bianchi||data-sort-value="10"|[[2nd Lieutenant|2 Lt]]
|}

This gives:

Name and surname	Rank
John Smith	Cpl
Ian Ray	Capt
Zachary Bianchi	2 Lt

See also mw:Help:Sorting#Specifying a sort key.

If you have a list where all the entries start with quotes ("), and you want to set a sort key for one of the entries, then you will need to use the HTML name or number for quotes at the beginning of that sort key (see also List of XML and HTML character entity references § Character entity references in HTML). Lists of song titles for example sometimes have each song title in quotes. So to sort by a particular word in a song title use one of these:

data-sort-value=""WORD"

data-sort-value=""WORD"

Keeping some rows together

data-sort-value can be used to keep certain rows together. The specified order of these rows is preserved. An example is to keep "South Holland" immediately after "Netherlands", whatever the sort order or column:

Rendered result

Country/province	Capital
France	Paris
Netherlands	Amsterdam
South Holland	The Hague
Poland	Warsaw
UK	London

Wiki source

{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Country/province !!Capital
|-
|France ||Paris
|-
|Netherlands ||Amsterdam
|-
|data-sort-value=Netherlands |South Holland ||data-sort-value=Amsterdam |The Hague
|-
|UK||London
|}

If you have rows that contain colspans, this might become a little difficult. You can also use the class="expand-child" on a row; it will then always be below the row just above it in the table source, wherever that row may be sorted in the table.

Rendered result

Country	Capital
France	Paris
In Paris is the Eiffel Tower.
UK	London
In the U.K. you cannot pay with euros,
and you drive on the left.
Germany	Berlin
Germany includes the former DDR.

Wiki source

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!style="width:9.3em" |Country !!Capital
|-
|'''France'''
|Paris
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan="2" | In Paris is the Eiffel Tower.
|-
|'''UK'''
|London
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan="2" | In the U.K. you cannot pay with euros,
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan="2" | and you drive on the left.
|-
|'''Germany'''
|Berlin
|- class="expand-child"
|colspan="2" | Germany includes the former DDR.
|}

Examples of datatype auto detection. First 5 cells in a column

The script sees what the first 5 cells in a column contain. The sorting mode becomes numeric if the first 5 cells contain a number only (comma and period used in number formatting are accepted as number). The numeric sorting order is maintained even when text is found in the cells that follow the 5th cell. 123,564,589.7e12 is in scientific notation and is treated as a number. An empty cell is treated as a non-number when sorting numerically. There is an empty cell initially at the bottom of each of the 2 tables just below.

Datatype auto detection is inconsistent. It is always better to add a data-sort-type to the column header.

Sort order auto-detected as text
123,564,589.7e12
9
70
80 approx
-80
abc 80
aaa
600
300,000,000
3,000,000

Sort order auto-detected as number
123,564,589.7e12
9
70
-80
600
80 approx
abc 80
aaa
300,000,000
3,000,000

Single currency character, or single alphabetic character, does not currently change what the script determines via the first 5 cells in a column: Numerical order.

currencies
$ 9
$ 80
$ 70
$ 600

currencies
€ 9
€ 80
€ 70
€ 600

currencies
£ 9
£ 80
£ 70
£ 600

currencies
¥ 9
¥ 80
¥ 70
¥ 600

a
a 9
a 80
a 70
a 600

e
e 9
e 80
e 70
e 600

Percentage sign does not change from determination as numerical order. Number combinations with minus or divide signs within them are still detected as numbers. Their numerical ordering though is determined by the number before the minus or divide sign.

Percentage 7% 2 4 22 111

Number combinations 7-4 2 4 22/7 111

A plus sign in an empty cell among the first 5 cells breaks default numerical sorting. As does a plus sign after a number if it is in one of the first 5 cells in a column.

Sort order auto-detected as text 400 40,000 + 60,000 20,000 6,000 5,000

Sort order auto-detected as text 400 40,000 300+ 60,000 20,000 6,000 5,000

Numerical sorting problems

Note: See the section above about datatype auto detection via the first 5 cells in a column.

Most of these problems can now be fixed by manually specifying the sort mode of a column by putting data-sort-type=number in the column header. See the example tables above and below. See also meta:Help:Sorting#Sort modes and the section about forcing the sort mode of a column.

To work data-sort-type=number needs to be in the header cell that contains the sorting icon. In tables with multi-row headers, the sorting icon will be in the lowest header cells.

References <ref>...</ref> after a number in any cell (including the first five cells) no longer break numerical sorting.

Text breaks default numerical sorting if it is before or after a number in one of the first 5 cells in a column.

A colon by itself (to signify no data, for example) in one of the first 5 cells in a column breaks numerical sorting.

Even when using data-sort-type=number in the column header, text in front of a number in any cell breaks numerical sorting of that cell. Text after a number is not a problem if the sort order of a column is specified by using data-sort-type=number.

Leading zeroes are not necessary for numerical sorting of a column. If it seems that way, then that means the column is being sorted alphabetically. Look in the first 5 cells for anything other than numbers, and correct those cells according to these rules. Better yet, add data-sort-type=number to the column header. Later editing by other editors will not break numerical sorting.

A dash, of any kind, in a blank cell in one of the first 5 cells in a column breaks default numerical sorting of a column.

A dash in front of a number does not break numerical sorting.

Dashes are allowed anywhere in cells if data-sort-type=number is used in the column header.

The {{N/A}} template in the first five cells of a column is inconsistent in its effect on automatic datatype detection. It is always better to specify a data-sort-type in the column header.

c. for circa

See also: § Year, month, day. Using numbers. ISO date YYYY-MM-DD

"c." (circa, indicates "approximately") is often found in columns of numbers and dates. It often breaks sorting. The addition of data-sort-type="..." to the column header does not allow c. to be put in front of the number.

Using the {{circa}} template fixes sorting when c. is in front of the number, but only if the sortable=yes parameter is added to the template. See: Template:Circa/doc/sortable.

{{circa|NUMBER|sortable=yes}}

NUMBER c. NUMBER

Alternatively, c. can be put after the number. Or it can be moved to a different column.

Numerical ranges

Note: Most problems are fixed by adding data-sort-type=number to the column header. It also prevents problems caused by later editing.

A dash after a number no longer breaks default numerical sorting of a column. Therefore, a range (30–40) now works.

A plus sign after a number breaks default numerical sorting if it is in one of the first 5 cells in a column.

A plus sign in an otherwise empty cell breaks default numerical sorting of a column. That is if the cell is one of the first 5 cells in the column.

You can also use 2 columns for a range if you want to sort by either the lower or upper range. If you want the upper range to sort best all cells need to be filled in with numbers. For example, you can use the same number in both the lower and upper range. You can also add a plus sign after the number in the upper range.

The first set of tables below do not sort correctly, except for the lower range which has no complicating factors. Note that "400+" and "400 +" do not sort correctly in their columns. These tables do not have data-sort-type=number in their column headers.

One column

Estimated attendance
400 +
40,000+
200,000–400,000
400,000+
60,000–350,000
40,000
40,000–50,000
20,000–100,000
10,000–100,000
6,000–7,000
5,000–10,000

One column

Estimated attendance
400+
40,000+
200,000–400,000
400,000+
60,000–350,000
40,000
40,000–50,000
20,000–100,000
10,000–100,000
6,000–7,000
5,000–10,000

Two columns

Estimated attendance
(lower)	(upper)
400	400+
40,000	40,000+
200,000	400,000
400,000	+
60,000	350,000
40,000
40,000	50,000
20,000	100,000
10,000	100,000
6,000	7,000
5,000	10,000

data-sort-type=number has fixed the sorting in the tables below. Note the sorting of 400+ and 400 +.

One column

Estimated attendance
400 +
40,000+
200,000–400,000
400,000+
60,000–350,000
40,000
40,000–50,000
20,000–100,000
10,000–100,000
6,000–7,000
5,000–10,000

One column

Estimated attendance
400+
40,000+
200,000–400,000
400,000+
60,000–350,000
40,000
40,000–50,000
20,000–100,000
10,000–100,000
6,000–7,000
5,000–10,000

Two columns

Estimated attendance
(lower)	(upper)
400	400+
40,000	40,000+
200,000	400,000
400,000	+
60,000	350,000
40,000
40,000	50,000
20,000	100,000
10,000	100,000
6,000	7,000
5,000	10,000

Date sorting problems

The {{Date table sorting}} or {{dts}} template will work with any combination of years, months, days. See example here. See template documentation and section farther down for more info.

Month names

All sorting involving month names may fail for registered users who have changed the default language setting "en - English" at Special:Preferences (reported at phab:T126744). It affects relatively few users on the English Wikipedia and can be ignored.

Year only

Year sorting of a column works as long as the year is the first text in each cell in the column. Adding data-sort-type=date to the column header does not change this.

Text is OK after a year in a cell. "FY" (fiscal year), for example, should go after the year. References after the year are OK. Put "c." after the year, or use "est." after the year instead.

A dash, of any kind, in a blank cell breaks year sorting of a column. Dashes after the year are OK.

Unlike for numerical sorting the {{N/A}} template in any cell in a year column does not break year sorting of that column.

If there are problems with year sorting check for any cells in the column with text or a dash (of any kind) as the first thing in a cell. Remove that text or dash, and the column should sort correctly.

Year and month

Date sorting does not work for columns with only the year before the month (no day).

Adding data-sort-type=date or data-sort-type=isoDate to the column header does not help. Click each column header a couple times in the tables below to see. Note the column headed data-sort-type=isoDate may sort correctly in some browsers, but it is not reliable.
Year and month in numerical form (YYYY-MM) works with data-sort-type=isoDate (see relevant section farther down).

Year and month
1999 Dec
1999 Jan
2004 May
2004 Aug

Year and month
1999 December
1999 January
2004 May
2004 August

Year and month data-sort-type=date
1999 Dec
1999 Jan
2004 May
2004 Aug

Year and month data-sort-type=date
1999 December
1999 January
2004 May
2004 August

Year and month data-sort-type=isodate
1999 December
1999 January
2004 May
2004 August

Month and year

Date sorting does not work for columns with only the month before the year (no day). Adding data-sort-type=date to the column header does not help.

Month and year Dec 1999 Jan 1999 May 2004 Aug 2004

Month and year December 1999 January 1999 May 2004 August 2004

Month and year data-sort-type=date Dec 1999 Jan 1999 May 2004 Aug 2004

Month and year data-sort-type=date December 1999 January 1999 May 2004 August 2004

Full dates work. Year must be on the end

This shows that any full date works without data-sort-type=date in the table. Month-day-year or day-month-year. If a number for a day is missing, date sorting is broken. Abbreviated months work too. The year must be on the end, and a number can not be used for the month. Either will break date sorting.

Date sorting works correctly in the first 2 tables below. Years before 100 (for example, year 99) break sorting.

Full dates
Dec 5, 1999
Jan 7, 1999
May 14, 2004
Aug 4, 2004
5 Dec 1999
7 Jan 1999
14 May 2004
4 Aug 2004

Full dates
December 5, 1999
January 7, 1999
May 14, 2004
August 4, 2004
5 December 1999
7 January 1999
14 May 2004
4 August 2004

data-sort-type=date in the header for the date column allows date sorting to work for all entries not missing a day number. So it is good to add it in case editors forget day numbers for some entries. That can be fixed later. The rest of the dates will sort correctly by date. Test date sorting below. Some entries below are missing the day number. They end up at the top or bottom of the data-sort-type=date list upon sorting. The list below without data-sort-type=date does not sort by date.

The 2 tables below are identical except for the addition of data-sort-type=date to the second table.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! data-sort-type=date | Full dates.<br><code>data-sort-type=date</code>

Full dates. A mix of formats
Dec 5, 1999
Jan 7, 1999
May 2004
Aug 4, 2004
5 Dec 1999
7 Jan 1999
14 May 2004
4 Aug 2004
December 1999
January 7, 1999
May 14, 2004
August 4, 2004
5 December 1999
January 1999
14 May 2004
4 August 2004

Full dates. data-sort-type=date
Dec 5, 1999
Jan 7, 1999
May 2004
Aug 4, 2004
5 Dec 1999
7 Jan 1999
14 May 2004
4 Aug 2004
December 1999
January 7, 1999
May 14, 2004
August 4, 2004
5 December 1999
January 1999
14 May 2004
4 August 2004

Year, month, day. Using words for months

Sorting does not work for this date order.

data-sort-type=date

data-sort-type=isoDate

The addition of any data-sort-type to the column header does not help. See examples below.

Date no data-sort-type
2007 January 5
2007 February 12
2007 March 9
2007 April 1
2007 May 23
2007 June 29

Date data-sort-type=date
2007 January 5
2007 February 12
2007 March 9
2007 April 1
2007 May 23
2007 June 29

Date data-sort-type=isoDate
2007 January 5
2007 February 12
2007 March 9
2007 April 1
2007 May 23
2007 June 29

Year, month, day. Using numbers. ISO date YYYY-MM-DD

See: ISO date. "±YYYY-MM-DD", with 1 to 4 digits for year "YYYY" from -9999 to 9999. Year by itself is fine. As is the year followed by just the month. Some stuff after the date is allowed. Such as references after the date. To save header space you can add a tooltip to the "Date" column header instead of "year, month, day" below it. See: Template:Tooltip. Tooltips have been added to the tables in this section.

See section higher up: #Examples of datatype auto detection. First 5 cells in a column. Datatype auto detection is inconsistent. That is why ISO date sorting works best with data-sort-type=isoDate added to the column header. It also avoids problems when only one digit is used for the month or day. Leading zeros are no longer needed. All tables below have data-sort-type=isoDate added to the column headers.

Remember to leave a space in the wikitext before years that are a negative number. Otherwise, |- will be used as table formatting instead of |.

"c." stands for circa (approximately). "c." before the date breaks sorting in the first table. Using the {{circa}} template fixes sorting, but only if the sortable=yes parameter is added to the template. See: Template:Circa/doc/sortable. See: #c. for circa.

Date With "c." Sorting broken.
-90
c. 90
90-7-13
90-12-5
1011-08-01[2]
c. 207-11[1]

Date "c." removed. Sorting works.
-90
90
90-7-13
90-12-5
1011-08-1[2]
207-11[1]

Date {{circa}} used. Sorting works.
-90
0090 c. 90
90-7-13
90-12-5
1011-08-01[2]
207-11 c. 207-11[1]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! data-sort-type=isoDate |{{Tooltip|Date|Year, month, day}}<br><small>{{tl|circa}} used.<br>Sorting works.</small>
|-
| -90
|-
| {{circa|sortable=yes|90}}
|-
| 90-7-13
|-
| 90-12-5
|-
| 1011-08-01<sup style="color:gray">[2]</sup>
|-
| {{circa|sortable=yes|207-11}}<sup style="color:gray">[1]</sup>
|}

Adding BCE, CE, BC, etc. after the date does not break sorting. But adding AD before the date breaks sorting. Test additions before and after dates. Additions before the date are almost always a problem.

Date BCE added after. Sorting works. -90 BCE 0090 c. 90 90-7-13 90-12-5 1011-08-1[2] 207-11 c. 207-11[1]

Date AD added before. Sorting broken. -90 BCE AD 0090 c. 90 90-7-13 90-12-5 1011-08-1[2] 207-11 c. 207-11[1]

Years BC are a problem

Note. See also the section farther down about the date table sorting template. It has additional info about dealing with negative years (BC, BCE).

From this version of List of reported UFO sightings. The "Antiquity" section has a table with some hidden notes. Adapted here:

To sort the dates before AD 1000 you will need one of the following:

• |data-sort-value="XXXX" - Year. Use leading zeros, and negative for BC.
• {{Date table sorting|X}} - Use negative for BC. See: {{Date table sorting}}.
• {{circa|sortable=yes|lk=no|X}} - {{circa}} is AD only.

The date column it is referring to was pulled out of the larger table, simplified, and placed below. It is sorting correctly. Look at the wikitext to see the methods discussed in the hidden notes.

{|class="wikitable sortable" 
|-
!Date
|-
|data-sort-value=-1440|c. 1440 BC
|-
|{{Date table sorting|-218}}
|-
|{{Date table sorting|-76}}
|-
|{{Date table sorting|-7}}
|-
|data-sort-value=0065|AD 65
|-
|data-sort-value=0196|AD 196
|-
|data-sort-value=0740|AD c. 740
|}

Date
c. 1440 BC
218 BC
76 BC
7 BC
AD 65
AD 196
AD c. 740

Date table sorting template. Many date formats

The simplest way to format sortable dates in a table is to use the {{Date table sorting}} template. A redirect: {{dts}}

It can be used with many date formats mixed together. Note the many formats used here. See Template:Date table sorting for more info.

See example tables below. They all sort correctly. The wikitext for the first entry in each table in the first row is shown in the table header.

Note: None of the table columns use the data-sort-type= modifier. Using data-sort-type= can sometimes break sorting when used with the template. If you want the column to be narrower, you can use month abbreviations (abbr=on parameter). You can also allow the text to wrap (nowrap=off parameter). Use format=dmy or format=mdy, etc. to control output format, if desired.

Date (Day and month only) {{dts|4 Jan}}
4 Jan
28 Aug
3 Jan
29 Aug
14 Dec
1 Jan

Date (Month and day only) {{dts|January 4}}
January 4
August 28
January 3
August 29
December 14
January 1

Date (Month, day, year) {{dts|1990|4|27}}
April 27, 1990
August 8, 1989
February 3, 2006
October 4, 2006
November 1, 2004
January 11, 2004

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Dates.<br>Various formats
|-
| {{dts|Jan 1980}}
|-
| {{dts|Aug 1981}}
|-
| {{dts|1992}}
|-
| {{dts|August 28 1993}}
|-
| {{dts|1990|4|27}}
|-
| {{dts|1989|8|8}}
|}

Dates. Various formats
Jan 1980
Aug 1981
1992
August 28, 1993
April 27, 1990
August 8, 1989

Issues. Years BC, etc

For years BC, !9937-09-23 can be used for -0062-09-23 (62 BC): Simply subtract the year BC from 10,000.

• See also: bugzilla:8226

Date sorting works by formatting dates so they can be sorted numerically. For example:

• yyyy mm dd

or

• 2001 07 21

...for 21 July 2001. The display:none style can be used to hide a sortable numeric date before the displayed date. See wikitext of table just below. Alternatively, {{Date table sorting}} does this automatically, and is recommended in most cases.

Displayed	What is being sorted
2006-12-032006-12-03	2006-12-03
0000-03-270000-03-27	0000-03-27
2006-12December 2006	2006-12
!9936-04April 64 BC	!9936-04
!9900-07-13-0099-07-13	!9900-07-13
!9937-09-23-0062-09-23	!9937-09-23
!9937-10-08-0062-10-08	!9937-10-08
!9998-12-21-0001-12-21	!9998-12-21
2006-11-082006-11-08	2006-11-08
0304-12-310304-12-31	0304-12-31
2005-05-152005-05-15	2005-05-15

You can use July 7, 2012 etc. to get sortable dates. Example, including one date with a different display format:

Rendered result

Date
January 7, 2012
May 7, 2012
4 July 2012
July 7, 2012

Wiki source

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Date
|-
| {{dts|2012-01-07}}
|-
| {{dts|2012-05-07}}
|-
| {{dts|4 July 2012}}  <!-- Ensure alternate display date format works -->
|-
| {{dts|2012-07-07}}
|}

Before year 100. Any date format

Note: This no longer seems to be working.

Sorting can be done via the hidden data-sort-value using the ISO date. Combined with data-sort-type=isoDate Note: The sorting wikitext is the same for the 2 tables below. Any date format can be shown to the readers. Date 5 Dec 111 7 Jan 35 5 Dec 207 111 BC 7 Jan 35 BC Dec 207 BC {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! data-sort-type=isoDate | Date |- | data-sort-value="111-12-05" | 5 Dec 111 |- | data-sort-value="35-01-07" | 7 Jan 35 |- | data-sort-value="207-12-05" | 5 Dec 207 |- | data-sort-value="-111" | 111 BC |- | data-sort-value="-35-01-07" | 7 Jan 35 BC |- | data-sort-value="-207-12" | Dec 207 BC |} The table below uses the same isoDate values for data-sort-value as the above table. But multiple formats are used for showing the dates to the reader. Date 5 Dec 111 7 January 35 Dec 5, 207 about 111 BC Jan 7, 35 BC December 207 BC {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! data-sort-type=isoDate | Date |- | data-sort-value="111-12-05" | 5 Dec 111 |- | data-sort-value="35-01-07" | 7 January 35 |- | data-sort-value="207-12-05" | Dec 5, 207 |- | data-sort-value="-111" | about 111 BC |- | data-sort-value="-35-01-07" | Jan 7, 35 BC |- | data-sort-value="-207-12" | December 207 BC |}

Background colors in sortable headers

Adding color with the shorthand "background:...;" property in a header may cause that column to lose its sorting button – see phab:T33755. Example with the "Name" header:

Name	Surname	Height
John	Smith	1.85
Ron	Ray	1.89
Mario	Bianchi	1.72
Average:		1.82

Use the more specific style="background-color:...;"
to make things work correctly. Example:

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!style="background-color:navajowhite" | Name
!style="background-color:navajowhite" | [[Surname]]
!style="background-color:navajowhite" | Height
|-
|John
|Smith
|1.85
|-
|Ron
|Ray
|1.89
|-
|Mario
|Bianchi
|1.72
|- class="sortbottom"
|colspan="2" |Average: 
|1.82
|}

Produces this sortable table:

Name	Surname	Height
John	Smith	1.85
Ron	Ray	1.89
Mario	Bianchi	1.72
Average:		1.82

Tips and tricks

Padding

Sometimes entries are padded on the left for alignment purposes. This can adversely affect how they are sorted.

Non-breaking spaces

The effect of left-padding with non-breaking space codes   which render as blank spaces, depends on the browser: in IE they are (unlike actual blank spaces) counted for sorting as leading blank spaces, so in a list of numbers with text (for which the alphabetic sorting mode applies) they could be used to equalize the number of characters before the explicit or implicit decimal separator. However, in Firefox they are ignored for the purpose of sorting.

Sorting using   works on IE but not on Firefox	Name
100.3 FM	Third
89.5 FM	First
107.3 FM	Fourth
95.3 FM	Second

See also Talk:List of U.S. states and territories by population/Archive 1#Sortable Table.

Padding with zeros

Example:

• 000156

Formatnum can be combined with padleft:

Integer

• {{formatnum:{{padleft:299792458|16|0}}}} gives:

  0,000,000,299,792,458

Real

• {{formatnum:{{padleft:{{#expr:((299792458.056 - .5) round 0)}}|16|0}}}}.{{padleft:{{#expr:(1000000*(299792458.056 - ((299792458.056 - .5) round 0))) round 0}}|6|0}} gives:

  0,000,000,299,792,458.056000

Controlling sorting and display

Text undesired for sorting but needed for display:

• In numeric sorting mode, text breaks numerical sorting whether the text is before or after the number. Sorting then becomes alphanumeric. Empty cell is treated as "zero" when sorting numerically.
• In date sorting mode, this text needs to be put in a separate column; in the case of a cell containing a range of dates or numbers (e.g. from .. to ..), text in surplus of what is required for sorting is put in the extra column. If the first part of the text is used for sorting, then the extra column needs to be the following one; conversely, if the last part of the text is used for sorting, then the extra column needs to be the previous one; depending on the table format, this dividing of an item over two cells may look ugly.
• In alphabetic sorting, any footnotes etc. do not require a separate column; they can simply be put at the end of the element.

Text undesired for display but needed for sorting:

• can be put as hidden text in the column to be sorted

Combining the two, we can have displayed text independent of text used for sorting, by fully hiding the latter, and fully putting the former in a separate column (in date sorting mode and numeric sorting mode) or in the same column after the hidden text (in alphabetic sorting). Fully putting the displayed text in a separate column may look ugly if it is not done consistently for a whole column, but only for elements that require this (e.g. if most entries in a column are single numbers, but some are ranges).

Sorting with increase/decrease/steady templates

Example	Without key	With key
Apple	10	10
Banana	2	2
Cherry	1	1
Durian

To enable sorting of cells with Template:Increase, Template:Decrease or Template:Steady, add a sort key, e.g. {{increase|2}}2, {{decrease|-1}}1 or {{steady|0}}. To fix an existing table, use Search and replace (right icon in the Advanced toolbar) with Treat search string as a regular expression selected to do the following replacements:

Search for	Replace with
(\{\{increase)(\}\})([0-9]*)	$1|$3$2$3
(\{\{decrease)(\}\})([0-9]*)	$1|-$3$2$3
(\{\{steady)(\}\})	$1|0$2

Maintaining tables sorted alphabetically or by rank

It used to be difficult to maintain tables in rank order, and to keep the numbering correct. That is no longer true. Template:Static row numbers renumbers the row numbers after every change in row order. And after every addition or deletion of rows.

Putting a table in initial alphabetical order

Further information: Help:Creating tables § Tables and visual editor

See also: Phab:T240114

There are fast and slow ways to do this. Unfortunately, the Visual Editor does not have a fast way to quickly alphabetize a table. You can manually move rows around one at a time. Click on a cell in a row. Then click on the arrow that shows up at the left of the row. Then click on "move above" or "move below" as needed. If this is buggy or is not working, the rows can be moved around in the wikitext by cutting and pasting rows in the wikitext.

A fast way is to launch free LibreOffice Calc, or another spreadsheet program. To see how go to Help:Creating tables#Sort. Spreadsheet & VE. For more info see Commons:Convert tables and charts to wiki code or image files.

There is another way to alphabetize a table, and it keeps all the styling and flag links that a spreadsheet may remove. One can use NoteTab Light (freeware version of NoteTab). But for this to work, all the wikitext for a row must be on one line. That means the cells in that row are separated by double bars ||.

To alphabetize the list by the first column paste the table wikitext into a new NoteTab Light page. Select the rows you want to alphabetize. Then click on the "modify" menu, then "lines", then "sort", and then "ascending". That will put "A" at the top and "Z" at the bottom.

Then put back |- (wikitext for row) between each line. Do that via find-and-replace by replacing ^p with ^p|-^p

^p is the underlying text editor code for line breaks in NoteTab.

|- is the wikitext for a table row.

If there are blank lines between the entries replace ^p^p with ^p|-^p

Copy the wikitext and paste it back into the article. Save the page.

Initial alphabetical sort versus initial sort by rank order

It is a good idea to keep lists and tables in some kind of initial non-random sort order. It no longer matters what method you choose. Template:Static row numbers will maintain row numbering automatically no matter what changes you make to the row order.

Removing an old rank column (1,2,3) from a table

You can remove the rank column cells quickly. It is much easier now with the table editor in the VisualEditor. Click on the header in the column you want to delete. An arrow will show up at the top of the column. Click the arrow, and then "delete column".

Then let Template:Static row numbers create the row number column.

Auto-ranking or adding a row numbering column (1,2,3)

There are Phabricator threads asking for a way to easily add static row numbers to tables. See phab:T42618. It supersedes phab:T42634.

In the meantime there is Template:Static row numbers. It is easy to use now. It is a template to automatically add row numbers to sortable tables. The row numbers will not be sorted when columns of data are sorted. A possible note to add above a table: Row numbers are static. Other columns are sortable. This allows ranking of any column.

See list of articles transcluding {{static row numbers}}. See transclusion count.

It has some subtemplates that work with it. Go to {{static row numbers}} for more details.

To see the template in use: List of U.S. states and territories by incarceration and correctional supervision rate.

Note that style=max-width:Xem is selectively used to narrow columns with wordy header text without using breaks <br>. Header breaks annoy people using screen readers due to the pauses.

The selective use of max-width allows the state names to spread out, and stay on one row each if the screen is wide enough. This allows easier scanning down or across the rows. Yet when the screen becomes narrower and narrower, the state names will eventually wrap. This is good for cell phones. Use em unit settings instead of px. Em units expand in width as the font size is increased.

Be sure to check both mobile and desktop views (links at bottom of page). Check to see that header rows aren't being given a row number. Also check that the max-width settings aren't too tight. Mobile view may need a slightly larger max-width setting for some columns. And different desktop browsers, and different settings for them, can make some max-width settings cause some column header text to overlap into the adjacent column. So it is usually good to add some extra em units to the max-width settings.

Alphabetic sorting order

data-sort-type:text - Sort the following table to see an example of the alphabetic sort order.

Note that sorting is case-insensitive: the two-character entries such as A1 demonstrate that A and a are at the same position.

Test
!
"
#
$
%
&
'
(
)
*
+
,
-
.
/
0
9
:
;
<
=
>
?
@
[
\
]
^
_
'
A
Z
a
z
A1
Z1
a1
z1
{
|
}
~
—
É
é
É1
é1
†

Numerical sorting order examples

data-sort-type:number - Sort the following table to see an example of the numerical sort order.

mixed notations

Test
1.4285714285714E+17
1000000000000000000
-1000000000000000000
.0000000000000000001
-.0000000000000000001
-1.4285714285714E+17
1.4285714285714E-13
-1.4285714285714E-13
89 123 456 788
89,123,456,789
14
-14
11
-12 (retrograde)
12 or 13
12 (?)
c. 12
12 (approx.)
?
333
1e10
e 9
e 80
e 70
e 600
999e9
88e80
7e270
999e-9
88e-80
7e-270
-999e9
−999e9
-88e80
-7e270
-999e-9
-88e-80
-7e-270
e3
-e3
1e3
e9
e80
e270
6e11
8e11

See also

• {{Sortname}} – sorting by surname without placing first name and surname in two separate columns
• m:Help:Sorting – general help page of this functionality (Not Wikipedia specific)
• Sortable collapsible table
• Template:dts (backlinks edit) – sorting a table by a date column, while following Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers)#Dates containing a month and a day for display
• Category:Sorting templates – all templates that provide functionality related to sorting.
• How to put zebra stripes on sortable wiki tables
• Commons: Category:Table sort icons – useful in sorting notes (for example: )