Film industry and video game industry: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|History of the relationship between the film industry and the video game industry}} |
{{short description|History of the relationship between the film industry and the video game industry}}{{Original research|date=September 2024|reason=}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date= October 2020}} |
{{Use mdy dates|date= October 2020}} |
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The [[film industry]] and [[video game industry]] have a long and detailed common history – the two [[industry (economics)|industries]] have collaborated many times since the 1980s. This includes collaboration between people from both industries and [[project]]s resulting in products such as [[video game]]s, [[ |
The [[film industry]] and [[video game industry]] have a long and detailed common history – the two [[industry (economics)|industries]] have collaborated many times since the 1980s. This includes collaboration between people from both industries and [[project]]s resulting in products such as [[video game]]s, [[Video game adaptation in film and television|film adaptations of video games]], among other things. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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===1980s=== |
===1980s=== |
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{{expand section|date=October 2020}} |
{{expand section|date=October 2020}} |
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Video games have also been adapted into films, beginning in the early 1980s. Films closely related to the video game industries were done in this time, such as ''[[Tron]]'' and ''[[Cloak & Dagger (1984 film)|Cloak & Dagger]]'', but only after the release of several films based on well-known brands has this genre become recognized in its own right |
Video games have also been adapted into films, beginning in the early 1980s. Films closely related to the video game industries were done in this time, such as ''[[Tron]]'' and ''[[Cloak & Dagger (1984 film)|Cloak & Dagger]]'', but only after the release of several films based on well-known brands has this genre become recognized in its own right. |
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===1990s=== |
===1990s=== |
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{{expand section|date=October 2020|Information regarding the Medal of Honor video game series}} |
{{expand section|date=October 2020|Information regarding the Medal of Honor video game series}} |
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{{further|The 10th Planet|Super Mario Bros.}} |
{{further|The 10th Planet|Super Mario Bros.}} |
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''The 10th Planet'' which was scheduled to be released in October 1997 was canceled. The game was a collaboration between [[Bethesda Softworks]] and [[Centropolis Entertainment]] (film production company founded by [[Roland Emmerich]] and Dean Devlin). [[Christopher Weaver]], the founder of Bethesda was introduced to Devlin and Emmerich through mutual friends.<ref>{{cite web|first=Steven|last=Ginsberg|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1996/12/23/at-bethesda-softworks-an-emphasis-on-cool/24d7f055-c228-4568-a674-e9c136d794e5/|title=At Bethesda Softworks, An Emphasis On Cool|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=December 23, 1996 |
''The 10th Planet'' which was scheduled to be released in October 1997 was canceled. The game was a collaboration between [[Bethesda Softworks]] and [[Centropolis Entertainment]] (film production company founded by [[Roland Emmerich]] and Dean Devlin). [[Christopher Weaver]], the founder of Bethesda was introduced to Devlin and Emmerich through mutual friends.<ref>{{cite web|first=Steven|last=Ginsberg|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1996/12/23/at-bethesda-softworks-an-emphasis-on-cool/24d7f055-c228-4568-a674-e9c136d794e5/|title=At Bethesda Softworks, An Emphasis On Cool|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=December 23, 1996|accessdate=October 2, 2020|archive-date=May 12, 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180512175217/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1996/12/23/at-bethesda-softworks-an-emphasis-on-cool/24d7f055-c228-4568-a674-e9c136d794e5/|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> |
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In 1993, ''Super Mario Bros.'' was released, a film loosely based on the Mario video game series by [[Nintendo]]. The film was poorly received by critics. |
In 1993, ''Super Mario Bros.'' was released, a film loosely based on the Mario video game series by [[Nintendo]]. The film was poorly received by critics. |
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{{further|LMNO}} |
{{further|LMNO}} |
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In 2000, [[Lionsgate]] CEO and Vice Chairman at the time [[Jon Feltheimer]] as well as [[Dean Devlin]] joined [[ZeniMax Media]] as company advisors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zenimax.com/profile9.html|title=ZeniMax Media business advisory board|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20001027084350/http://www.zenimax.com/profile9.html|archivedate=October 27, 2000|accessdate=October 2, 2020}}</ref> Also that year, [[Sam Simon]] joined ZeniMax as President of e-Nexus Studios.<ref>{{cite web|first=James|last=Barron|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/19/nyregion/public-lives.html|title=Public Lives|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 19, 2000|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Paula|last=Bernstein|url=https://variety.com/2000/tv/news/lifetime-reorders-day-and-chance-1117761083/|title=Lifetime reorders 'Day' and 'Chance'|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 19, 2000|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zenimax.com/profile3.html |publisher=ZeniMax.com |title=ZeniMax Media Company Profile |accessdate=October 3, 2020 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000621022459/http://www.zenimax.com/profile3.html |archivedate=June 21, 2000 }}</ref> |
In 2000, [[Lionsgate]] CEO and Vice Chairman at the time [[Jon Feltheimer]] as well as [[Dean Devlin]] joined [[ZeniMax Media]] as company advisors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zenimax.com/profile9.html|title=ZeniMax Media business advisory board|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20001027084350/http://www.zenimax.com/profile9.html|archivedate=October 27, 2000|accessdate=October 2, 2020}}</ref> Also that year, [[Sam Simon]] joined ZeniMax as President of e-Nexus Studios.<ref>{{cite web|first=James|last=Barron|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/19/nyregion/public-lives.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527141852/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/19/nyregion/public-lives.html|title=Public Lives|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|archivedate=May 27, 2015|date=January 19, 2000|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Paula|last=Bernstein|url=https://variety.com/2000/tv/news/lifetime-reorders-day-and-chance-1117761083/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818025337/https://variety.com/2000/tv/news/lifetime-reorders-day-and-chance-1117761083/|title=Lifetime reorders 'Day' and 'Chance'|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archivedate=August 18, 2016|date=January 19, 2000|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zenimax.com/profile3.html |publisher=ZeniMax.com |title=ZeniMax Media Company Profile |accessdate=October 3, 2020 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000621022459/http://www.zenimax.com/profile3.html |archivedate=June 21, 2000 }}</ref> |
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In 2002, [[Vin Diesel]] formed his own development studio, [[Tigon Studios]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Phil|last=Elliott|url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/a-hollywood-tale|title=A Hollywood Tale|website=gamesindustry.biz|date=June 24, 2009|accessdate=December 18, 2020}}</ref> |
In 2002, [[Vin Diesel]] formed his own development studio, [[Tigon Studios]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Phil|last=Elliott|url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/a-hollywood-tale|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090626010919/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/a-hollywood-tale|title=A Hollywood Tale|website=gamesindustry.biz|archivedate=June 26, 2009|date=June 24, 2009|accessdate=December 18, 2020}}</ref> |
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In October 2005, [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Electronic Arts]] partnered to develop 3 video games.<ref>{{cite web|first=Tor|last=Thorsen|url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/steven-spielberg-ea-ink-three-game-next-gen-deal/1100-6135746/|title=Steven Spielberg, EA ink three-game next-gen deal|website=[[GameSpot]]|date=October 14, 2005|accessdate=October 2, 2020}}</ref> |
In October 2005, [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Electronic Arts]] partnered to develop 3 video games.<ref>{{cite web|first=Tor|last=Thorsen|url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/steven-spielberg-ea-ink-three-game-next-gen-deal/1100-6135746/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011203804/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/steven-spielberg-ea-ink-three-game-next-gen-deal/1100-6135746/|title=Steven Spielberg, EA ink three-game next-gen deal|website=[[GameSpot]]|archivedate=October 11, 2019|date=October 14, 2005|accessdate=October 2, 2020}}</ref> |
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[[File:JerryBruckheimerHWOFJune2013.jpg|thumb|right|Jerry Bruckheimer]] |
[[File:JerryBruckheimerHWOFJune2013.jpg|thumb|right|Jerry Bruckheimer]] |
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In December 2007, [[Jerry Bruckheimer]] announced plans to partner with [[MTV]] to create a new game studio.<ref>{{cite web|first=Junaid|last=Alam|url=http://www.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/80078-Bruckheimer-Joins-With-MTV-to-Create-New-Game-Studio|title=Bruckheimer Joins With MTV to Create New Game Studio|date=December 19, 2007| |
In December 2007, [[Jerry Bruckheimer]] announced plans to partner with [[MTV]] to create a new game studio.<ref>{{cite web|first=Junaid|last=Alam|url=http://www.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/80078-Bruckheimer-Joins-With-MTV-to-Create-New-Game-Studio|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080613182345/http://www.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/80078-Bruckheimer-Joins-With-MTV-to-Create-New-Game-Studio|title=Bruckheimer Joins With MTV to Create New Game Studio|archivedate=June 13, 2008|date=December 19, 2007|website=[[The Escapist (magazine)|The Escapist]]|accessdate=October 2, 2020}}</ref> Bruckheimer previously joined ZeniMax's board of directors the same year<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zenimax.com/news_pressrelease10.25.07.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105021911/http://zenimax.com/news_pressrelease10.25.07.htm|title=ZeniMax Media Receives $300 Million Investment from Providence Equity Partners|website=ZeniMax.com|archivedate=January 5, 2010|date=October 25, 2007|accessdate=October 2, 2020}}</ref> and has since showed up at several launch parties for [[Bethesda Softworks]] titles including ''[[Fallout 3]]'', ''[[Fallout: New Vegas]]'', and ''[[The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kelly|first=Kevin|title=The incredibly strange and delightful Fallout 3 launch party|url=https://www.engadget.com/2008-10-11-the-incredibly-strange-and-delightful-fallout-3-launch-party.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331224745/https://www.engadget.com/2008-10-11-the-incredibly-strange-and-delightful-fallout-3-launch-party.html|website=[[Engadget]]|archivedate=March 31, 2020|date=October 11, 2008|accessdate=October 2, 2020}}</ref> |
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In 2009, Bruckheimer unveiled Jerry Bruckheimer Games headed by former [[Microsoft Studios]] Publishing Executive Producer Jim Veevaert as president of production and Jay Cohen, previously [[Ubisoft]]'s vice president of U.S. publishing, as president of development.<ref>{{cite web|first=Andy|last=Chalk|url=https://v1.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/91664-Jerry-Bruckheimer-Unveils-Jerry-Bruckheimer-Games|title=Jerry Bruckheimer Unveils Jerry Bruckheimer Games|magazine=[[The Escapist (magazine)|The Escapist]]|date=May 12, 2009|accessdate=October 2, 2020}}</ref> |
In 2009, Bruckheimer unveiled Jerry Bruckheimer Games headed by former [[Microsoft Studios]] Publishing Executive Producer Jim Veevaert as president of production and Jay Cohen, previously [[Ubisoft]]'s vice president of U.S. publishing, as president of development.<ref>{{cite web|first=Andy|last=Chalk|url=https://v1.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/91664-Jerry-Bruckheimer-Unveils-Jerry-Bruckheimer-Games|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129055151/https://v1.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/91664-Jerry-Bruckheimer-Unveils-Jerry-Bruckheimer-Games|title=Jerry Bruckheimer Unveils Jerry Bruckheimer Games|magazine=[[The Escapist (magazine)|The Escapist]]|archivedate=November 29, 2018|date=May 12, 2009|accessdate=October 2, 2020}}</ref> |
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===2010s=== |
===2010s=== |
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In 2011 it was rumored that Jerry Bruckheimer Games was working on three titles, but nothing came out of it ever since.<ref>{{cite web|last=Schramm|first=Mike|title=Rumor: Jerry Bruckheimer Games working on three titles|url=https://www.engadget.com/2011-05-02-rumor-jerry-bruckheimer-games-working-on-three-titles.html|website=[[Engadget]]|date=May 2, 2011|accessdate=October 2, 2020}}</ref> In March 2013 Jerry Bruckheimer Games was closed.<ref>{{cite web|last=Makuch |
In 2011 it was rumored that Jerry Bruckheimer Games was working on three titles, but nothing came out of it ever since.<ref>{{cite web|last=Schramm|first=Mike|title=Rumor: Jerry Bruckheimer Games working on three titles|url=https://www.engadget.com/2011-05-02-rumor-jerry-bruckheimer-games-working-on-three-titles.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006205544/https://www.engadget.com/2011-05-02-rumor-jerry-bruckheimer-games-working-on-three-titles.html|website=[[Engadget]]|archivedate=October 6, 2020|date=May 2, 2011|accessdate=October 2, 2020}}</ref> In March 2013 Jerry Bruckheimer Games was closed.<ref>{{cite web|last=Makuch|first=Eddie|title=Jerry Bruckheimer Games closed|url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/jerry-bruckheimer-games-closed/1100-6404727/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018135248/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/jerry-bruckheimer-games-closed/1100-6404727/|website=[[GameSpot]]|archivedate=October 18, 2014|date=March 1, 2013|accessdate=October 2, 2020}}</ref> Although Jerry Bruckheimer Games is closed, Bruckheimer still remained a ZeniMax board member, mostly due to being a close associate of former ZeniMax President [[Ernest Del]] until Microsoft bought ZeniMax in 2021.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fritz|first=Brian|title=Video game publisher Zenimax raises $150 million from Providence Equity|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2010/10/video-game-publisher-zenimax-raised-150-million-from-providence-equity.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101009053039/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2010/10/video-game-publisher-zenimax-raised-150-million-from-providence-equity.html|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|archivedate=October 9, 2010|date=October 6, 2010|accessdate=October 2, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Eddie|last=Makuch|url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/zenimax-board-of-directors-dissolved-after-xboxs-bethesda-purchase/1100-6488918/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210317122800/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/zenimax-board-of-directors-dissolved-after-xboxs-bethesda-purchase/1100-6488918/|title=ZeniMax Board Of Directors Dissolved After Xbox's Bethesda Purchase|website=[[GameSpot]]|archivedate=March 17, 2021|date=March 17, 2021|accessdate=March 18, 2021}}</ref> |
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In February 2015, Lionsgate made a significant investment in [[Telltale Games]]. As part of the deal, Feltheimer joined Telltale's board of directors.<ref>{{cite web|first=Stephany|last=Nunneley|url=https://www.vg247.com/2015/02/24/telltale-lionsgate-riccitiello/|title=Lionsgate makes "significant investment" in Telltale Games|website=[[VG247]]|date=February 24, 2015|accessdate=October 2, 2020}}</ref> |
In February 2015, Lionsgate made a significant investment in [[Telltale Games]]. As part of the deal, Feltheimer joined Telltale's board of directors.<ref>{{cite web|first=Stephany|last=Nunneley|url=https://www.vg247.com/2015/02/24/telltale-lionsgate-riccitiello/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225012230/https://www.vg247.com/2015/02/24/telltale-lionsgate-riccitiello/|title=Lionsgate makes "significant investment" in Telltale Games|website=[[VG247]]|archivedate=February 25, 2015|date=February 24, 2015|accessdate=October 2, 2020}}</ref> |
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===2020s=== |
===2020s=== |
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[[File:Fallout logo.svg|thumb|right]] |
[[File:Fallout logo.svg|thumb|right]] |
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In July 2020, a Fallout TV series was announced as in development by [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]], based on the video game series of the same name.<ref name="Fallout TV series">{{cite web|first1=Nellie|last1=Andreeva|first2=Denise|last2=Petski|url=https://deadline.com/2020/07/fallout-television-series-based-game-franchise-amazon-studios-westworld-creators-1202976079/|title='Fallout' TV Series From 'Westworld' Creators Based On Games In Works At Amazon With Series Commitment|website= |
In July 2020, a ''[[Fallout (2024 TV series)|Fallout]]'' TV series was announced as in development by [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]], based on the video game series of the same name.<ref name="Fallout TV series">{{cite web|first1=Nellie|last1=Andreeva|first2=Denise|last2=Petski|url=https://deadline.com/2020/07/fallout-television-series-based-game-franchise-amazon-studios-westworld-creators-1202976079/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702171246/https://deadline.com/2020/07/fallout-television-series-based-game-franchise-amazon-studios-westworld-creators-1202976079/|title='Fallout' TV Series From 'Westworld' Creators Based On Games In Works At Amazon With Series Commitment|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|archivedate=July 2, 2020|date=July 2, 2020|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}</ref> The series is created by [[Lisa Joy]] and [[Jonathan Nolan]] for [[Amazon Prime Video]]. The duo will also be writing and executive producing the series with their production company, Kilter Films, working alongside Bethesda Softworks and Bethesda Game Studios. Alongside Joy and Nolan, Kilter Films' Athena Wickham, Bethesda Softworks' James Altman, and Bethesda Game Studios' Todd Howard will also be executive producing the series.<ref name="Fallout TV series"/> |
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A movie based on the ''[[Uncharted (film)|Uncharted]]'' video game series was released in February 2022 while a second ''[[The Super Mario Bros. Movie|Mario |
A movie based on the ''[[Uncharted (film)|Uncharted]]'' video game series was released in February 2022 while a second ''[[The Super Mario Bros. Movie|Mario]]'' movie was released in April 2023. In addition, Universal and Blumhouse Productions released a [[Five Nights at Freddy's (film)|film adaptation]] of ''[[Five Nights at Freddy's]]'' in October 2023. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
Latest revision as of 08:09, 6 October 2024
This article possibly contains original research. (September 2024) |
The film industry and video game industry have a long and detailed common history – the two industries have collaborated many times since the 1980s. This includes collaboration between people from both industries and projects resulting in products such as video games, film adaptations of video games, among other things.
History
[edit]1980s
[edit]This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2020) |
Video games have also been adapted into films, beginning in the early 1980s. Films closely related to the video game industries were done in this time, such as Tron and Cloak & Dagger, but only after the release of several films based on well-known brands has this genre become recognized in its own right.
1990s
[edit]This section needs expansion with: Information regarding the Medal of Honor video game series. You can help by adding to it. (October 2020) |
The 10th Planet which was scheduled to be released in October 1997 was canceled. The game was a collaboration between Bethesda Softworks and Centropolis Entertainment (film production company founded by Roland Emmerich and Dean Devlin). Christopher Weaver, the founder of Bethesda was introduced to Devlin and Emmerich through mutual friends.[1]
In 1993, Super Mario Bros. was released, a film loosely based on the Mario video game series by Nintendo. The film was poorly received by critics.
Steven Spielberg proposed the concept for the first Medal of Honor video game in the spring of 1997.[2]
2000s
[edit]In 2000, Lionsgate CEO and Vice Chairman at the time Jon Feltheimer as well as Dean Devlin joined ZeniMax Media as company advisors.[3] Also that year, Sam Simon joined ZeniMax as President of e-Nexus Studios.[4][5][6]
In 2002, Vin Diesel formed his own development studio, Tigon Studios.[7]
In October 2005, Steven Spielberg and Electronic Arts partnered to develop 3 video games.[8]
In December 2007, Jerry Bruckheimer announced plans to partner with MTV to create a new game studio.[9] Bruckheimer previously joined ZeniMax's board of directors the same year[10] and has since showed up at several launch parties for Bethesda Softworks titles including Fallout 3, Fallout: New Vegas, and The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim.[11]
In 2009, Bruckheimer unveiled Jerry Bruckheimer Games headed by former Microsoft Studios Publishing Executive Producer Jim Veevaert as president of production and Jay Cohen, previously Ubisoft's vice president of U.S. publishing, as president of development.[12]
2010s
[edit]In 2011 it was rumored that Jerry Bruckheimer Games was working on three titles, but nothing came out of it ever since.[13] In March 2013 Jerry Bruckheimer Games was closed.[14] Although Jerry Bruckheimer Games is closed, Bruckheimer still remained a ZeniMax board member, mostly due to being a close associate of former ZeniMax President Ernest Del until Microsoft bought ZeniMax in 2021.[15][16]
In February 2015, Lionsgate made a significant investment in Telltale Games. As part of the deal, Feltheimer joined Telltale's board of directors.[17]
2020s
[edit]In July 2020, a Fallout TV series was announced as in development by Amazon, based on the video game series of the same name.[18] The series is created by Lisa Joy and Jonathan Nolan for Amazon Prime Video. The duo will also be writing and executive producing the series with their production company, Kilter Films, working alongside Bethesda Softworks and Bethesda Game Studios. Alongside Joy and Nolan, Kilter Films' Athena Wickham, Bethesda Softworks' James Altman, and Bethesda Game Studios' Todd Howard will also be executive producing the series.[18]
A movie based on the Uncharted video game series was released in February 2022 while a second Mario movie was released in April 2023. In addition, Universal and Blumhouse Productions released a film adaptation of Five Nights at Freddy's in October 2023.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Ginsberg, Steven (December 23, 1996). "At Bethesda Softworks, An Emphasis On Cool". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 12, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Electronic Arts to Release DreamWorks Interactive's Medal of Honor, the First World War II-inspired Game for the PlayStation". Business Wire. March 18, 1999. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved October 31, 2020.
- ^ "ZeniMax Media business advisory board". Archived from the original on October 27, 2000. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ Barron, James (January 19, 2000). "Public Lives". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
- ^ Bernstein, Paula (January 19, 2000). "Lifetime reorders 'Day' and 'Chance'". Variety. Archived from the original on August 18, 2016. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
- ^ "ZeniMax Media Company Profile". ZeniMax.com. Archived from the original on June 21, 2000. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
- ^ Elliott, Phil (June 24, 2009). "A Hollywood Tale". gamesindustry.biz. Archived from the original on June 26, 2009. Retrieved December 18, 2020.
- ^ Thorsen, Tor (October 14, 2005). "Steven Spielberg, EA ink three-game next-gen deal". GameSpot. Archived from the original on October 11, 2019. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ Alam, Junaid (December 19, 2007). "Bruckheimer Joins With MTV to Create New Game Studio". The Escapist. Archived from the original on June 13, 2008. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ "ZeniMax Media Receives $300 Million Investment from Providence Equity Partners". ZeniMax.com. October 25, 2007. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ Kelly, Kevin (October 11, 2008). "The incredibly strange and delightful Fallout 3 launch party". Engadget. Archived from the original on March 31, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ Chalk, Andy (May 12, 2009). "Jerry Bruckheimer Unveils Jerry Bruckheimer Games". The Escapist. Archived from the original on November 29, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ Schramm, Mike (May 2, 2011). "Rumor: Jerry Bruckheimer Games working on three titles". Engadget. Archived from the original on October 6, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ Makuch, Eddie (March 1, 2013). "Jerry Bruckheimer Games closed". GameSpot. Archived from the original on October 18, 2014. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ Fritz, Brian (October 6, 2010). "Video game publisher Zenimax raises $150 million from Providence Equity". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 9, 2010. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ Makuch, Eddie (March 17, 2021). "ZeniMax Board Of Directors Dissolved After Xbox's Bethesda Purchase". GameSpot. Archived from the original on March 17, 2021. Retrieved March 18, 2021.
- ^ Nunneley, Stephany (February 24, 2015). "Lionsgate makes "significant investment" in Telltale Games". VG247. Archived from the original on February 25, 2015. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
- ^ a b Andreeva, Nellie; Petski, Denise (July 2, 2020). "'Fallout' TV Series From 'Westworld' Creators Based On Games In Works At Amazon With Series Commitment". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2020.