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{{Short description|American politician (1913–2007)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Charles_Vanik_84th_Congress_1955.jpg
| image = Charles_Vanik_84th_Congress_1955.jpg
| caption = Vanik in 1955
| caption = Vanik in 1955
| state1 = [[Ohio]]
| state1 = [[Ohio]]
| district1 = [[Ohio's 21st congressional district|21st]]
| constituency1 = [[Ohio's 21st congressional district|21st district]] (1955-1969)<br>[[Ohio's 22nd congressional district|22nd district]] (1969-1981)
| term_start1 = January 3, 1955
| term_start1 = January 3, 1955
| term_end1 = January 3, 1969
| term_end1 = January 3, 1981
| preceded1 = [[Robert Crosser]]
| preceded1 = [[Robert Crosser]]
| succeeded1 = [[Louis Stokes]]
| succeeded1 = [[Dennis E. Eckart]]
| state2 = [[Ohio]]
| district2 = [[Ohio's 22nd congressional district|22nd]]
| term_start2 = January 3, 1969
| term_end2 = January 3, 1981
| preceded2 = [[Frances P. Bolton]]
| succeeded2 = [[Dennis E. Eckart]]
| office3 = Member of the [[Ohio State Senate]]
| office3 = Member of the [[Ohio State Senate]]
| term_start3 = 1940
| term_start3 = 1940
Line 33: Line 28:


==Early life==
==Early life==
Vanik was born in [[Cleveland, Ohio]], the son of Stella (Kvasnicka) and Charles Albert Vanik, a butcher.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/v/vanik-charles-albert|title = Vanik, Charles Albert|date = 12 May 2018}}</ref> He was of [[Czechia]] ancestry.<ref>American Presidents, Religion, and Israel: The Heirs of Cyrus
Vanik was born in [[Cleveland, Ohio]], the son of Stella (née Kvasnicka) and Charles Albert Vanik, a butcher.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/v/vanik-charles-albert|title = Vanik, Charles Albert|date = 12 May 2018}}</ref> He was of [[Czechs|Czech]] ancestry.<ref>American Presidents, Religion, and Israel: The Heirs of Cyrus
by Paul Charles Merkley, pg 68.</ref> His maternal grandmother, Alžběta Seberová (1868-1948), was born in [[Hracholusky (Prachatice District)|Hracholusky]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digi.ceskearchivy.cz/DA?menu=3&id=8326&page=69&x=2192&y=1446&z=43|title=DigiArchiv of SRA Trebon - ver. 20.03.13|website=digi.ceskearchivy.cz|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref> Vanik completed undergraduate studies and a law degree at [[Case Western Reserve University|Western Reserve University]]. After serving on the Cleveland City Council from 1938 to 1939 and the [[Ohio State Senate]] from 1940 to 1942, Vanik enlisted in the [[U.S. Navy|U.S. Naval Reserve]], seeing action in both the Atlantic and Pacific theaters. After the war, Vanik served as a city judge from 1946 to 1954.{{cn}}
by Paul Charles Merkley, pg 68.</ref> His maternal grandmother, Alžběta Seberová (1868–1948), was born in village [[Hracholusky (Prachatice District)|Hracholusky]], southern [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]] (then part of the [[Austria-Hungary]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://digi.ceskearchivy.cz/DA?menu=3&id=8326&page=69&x=2192&y=1446&z=43|title=DigiArchiv of SRA Trebon - ver. 20.03.13|website=digi.ceskearchivy.cz|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref> Vanik completed undergraduate studies and a law degree at [[Case Western Reserve University|Western Reserve University]]. After serving on the Cleveland City Council from 1938 to 1939 and the [[Ohio State Senate]] from 1940 to 1942, Vanik enlisted in the [[U.S. Navy|U.S. Naval Reserve]], seeing action in both the Atlantic and Pacific theaters. After the war, Vanik served as a city judge from 1946 to 1954.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}


==United States House of Representatives==
==United States House of Representatives==
In 1954, he ran for [[Ohio's 21st congressional district]]. The district, located on Cleveland's East Side, was evenly divided between African Americans, who were then solidly Republican voters, and whites, who were mostly Democrats.<ref name="Jet-19Aug1954">{{cite news |date=1954-08-19 |title=Three More Negroes May Win Congress Seats This November |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nr8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA6 |newspaper=Jet |location=Chicago |publisher= Johnson Publishing Company|pages=6–7 |accessdate=2014-07-04 |quote=In the balanced 21st district (50 per cent Negro, 50 per cent white vote), Negroes vote mostly Republican, whites Democratic.}}</ref> In the Democratic primary, Vanik defeated longtime incumbent Congressman [[Robert Crosser]] as well as African-American challenger John Holly, founder of the Negro Future Outlook League.<ref name="The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History">{{cite news |title=VANIK, CHARLES ALBERT |url=http://ech.case.edu/cgi/article.pl?id=VCA |newspaper=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |accessdate=2016-11-16 |quote=Vanik defeated long-time Congressman ROBERT CROSSER in the Democratic Primary in 1954.}}</ref><ref name="Jet-20May1954">{{cite news |date=1954-05-20 |title=22 Negroes Win Primary Nominations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xL8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3 |newspaper=Jet |location=Chicago |publisher= Johnson Publishing Company|pages=3–4 |accessdate=2014-07-04 |quote=Young, active in civic affairs, will face Charles A. Vanik, a white municipal court judge, who edged out John Holly, founder of the Negro Future Outlook League, in the Democratic primary.}}</ref>
In 1954, he ran for [[Ohio's 21st congressional district]]. The district, located on Cleveland's East Side, was evenly divided between African Americans, who were then solidly Republican voters, and whites, who were mostly Democrats.<ref name="Jet-19Aug1954">{{cite news |date=1954-08-19 |title=Three More Negroes May Win Congress Seats This November |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nr8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA6 |newspaper=Jet |location=Chicago |publisher= Johnson Publishing Company|pages=6–7 |accessdate=2014-07-04 |quote=In the balanced 21st district (50 per cent Negro, 50 per cent white vote), Negroes vote mostly Republican, whites Democratic.}}</ref> In the Democratic primary, Vanik defeated longtime incumbent Congressman [[Robert Crosser]] as well as African-American challenger John Holly, founder of the Negro Future Outlook League.<ref name="The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History">{{cite news |title=VANIK, CHARLES ALBERT |url=http://ech.case.edu/cgi/article.pl?id=VCA |newspaper=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |accessdate=2016-11-16 |quote=Vanik defeated long-time Congressman ROBERT CROSSER in the Democratic Primary in 1954.}}</ref><ref name="Jet-20May1954">{{cite news |date=1954-05-20 |title=22 Negroes Win Primary Nominations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xL8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3 |newspaper=Jet |location=Chicago |publisher= Johnson Publishing Company|pages=3–4 |accessdate=2014-07-04 |quote=Young, active in civic affairs, will face Charles A. Vanik, a white municipal court judge, who edged out John Holly, founder of the Negro Future Outlook League, in the Democratic primary.}}</ref>


In the general election, Vanik defeated African-American Republican [[Francis E. Young]], who helped organize the Cleveland branch of the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People|NAACP]].<ref name="Jet-19Aug1954"/> Vanik shifted districts in 1968 to the neighboring {{ushr|Ohio|22|22nd district}}, to make way for [[Louis Stokes]] whose growing political operation had challenged him in previous races, defeating [[Frances P. Bolton]], who had served the district since 1939. Vanik served in the district until 1981.{{cn}}
In the general election, Vanik defeated African-American Republican [[Francis E. Young]], who helped organize the Cleveland branch of the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People|NAACP]].<ref name="Jet-19Aug1954"/> Vanik shifted districts in 1968 to the neighboring {{ushr|Ohio|22|22nd district}}, to make way for [[Louis Stokes]] whose growing political operation had challenged him in previous races, defeating [[Frances P. Bolton]], who had served the district since 1939. Vanik served in the district until 1981.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}


In 1974, Vanik sponsored the [[Jackson-Vanik amendment]] with Sen. [[Henry M. Jackson|Henry "Scoop" Jackson]], which denied normal trade relations to certain countries with non-market economies that restricted the freedom of emigration. The amendment was intended to allow refugees, particularly religious minorities, to escape from the Soviet Bloc. During this time, Vanik was the chair of the House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade.{{cn}}
In 1974, Vanik sponsored the [[Jackson–Vanik amendment]] with Sen. [[Henry M. Jackson|Henry "Scoop" Jackson]], which denied normal trade relations to certain countries with non-market economies that restricted the freedom of emigration. The amendment was intended to allow refugees, particularly religious minorities, to escape from the Soviet Bloc. During this time, Vanik was the chair of the House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}


He used to insert into the ''Congressional Record ''what he called the "Annual Corporate Tax Study" in which he'd list corporations that paid little to no federal income taxes.{{cn}}
He used to insert into the ''Congressional Record ''what he called the "Annual Corporate Tax Study" in which he'd list corporations that paid little to no federal income taxes.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}


In 1982, Vanik contested for the Democratic nomination for lieutenant-governor of Ohio as running mate with Ohio Attorney General William J. Brown who was running for governor. The ticket lost to [[Dick Celeste|Richard F. Celeste]] and [[Myrl Shoemaker]]. Vanik was known for wearing black bow ties with every suit.{{cn}}
In 1982, Vanik contested for the Democratic nomination for lieutenant-governor of Ohio as running mate with Ohio Attorney General William J. Brown who was running for governor. The ticket lost to [[Dick Celeste|Richard F. Celeste]] and [[Myrl Shoemaker]]. Vanik was known for wearing black bow ties with every suit.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}


==Death==
==Death==
{{Unsourced|section}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=December 2021}}
Vanik died in his sleep on August 30, 2007 at his home in [[Jupiter, Florida]]. He was 94. He was survived by his wife, Betty, one son, one daughter and two grandchildren.
Vanik died in his sleep on August 30, 2007, at his home in [[Jupiter, Florida]]. He was 94. He was survived by his wife, Betty, one son, one daughter and two grandchildren.


== References ==
== References ==
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{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}
{{OhioRepresentatives21-22}}
{{OhioRepresentatives21-22}}
{{Refusenik movement and 1990s post-Soviet aliyah}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


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[[Category:Politicians from Cleveland]]
[[Category:Politicians from Cleveland]]
[[Category:American people of Czech descent]]
[[Category:American people of Czech descent]]
[[Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio]]
[[Category:United States Navy sailors]]
[[Category:United States Navy sailors]]
[[Category:Cleveland City Council members]]
[[Category:Cleveland City Council members]]
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[[Category:Case Western Reserve University School of Law alumni]]
[[Category:Case Western Reserve University School of Law alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk]]
[[Category:Ohio state senators]]
[[Category:Democratic Party Ohio state senators]]

[[Category:Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio]]
[[Category:Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio]]
[[Category:Ohio Democrats]]
[[Category:20th-century American legislators]]
[[Category:Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives]]
⚫
[[Category:20th-century American politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century American lawyers]]
[[Category:20th-century American lawyers]]
⚫
[[Category:20th-century Ohio politicians]]

Latest revision as of 02:12, 13 February 2024

Charles Vanik
Vanik in 1955
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Ohio
In office
January 3, 1955 – January 3, 1981
Preceded byRobert Crosser
Succeeded byDennis E. Eckart
Constituency21st district (1955-1969)
22nd district (1969-1981)
Member of the Ohio State Senate
In office
1940–1942
Personal details
Born
Charles Albert Vanik

(1913-04-07)April 7, 1913
Cleveland, Ohio
DiedAugust 30, 2007(2007-08-30) (aged 94)
Jupiter, Florida
Political partyDemocratic
Alma materCase Western Reserve University
CWRU School of Law
Military service
AllegianceUnited States
Branch/serviceU.S. Naval Reserve
Battles/warsWorld War II

Charles Albert Vanik (April 7, 1913 – August 30, 2007) was a Democratic politician from Ohio. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1955 to 1981.

Early life

[edit]

Vanik was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Stella (née Kvasnicka) and Charles Albert Vanik, a butcher.[1] He was of Czech ancestry.[2] His maternal grandmother, Alžběta Seberová (1868–1948), was born in village Hracholusky, southern Bohemia (then part of the Austria-Hungary).[3] Vanik completed undergraduate studies and a law degree at Western Reserve University. After serving on the Cleveland City Council from 1938 to 1939 and the Ohio State Senate from 1940 to 1942, Vanik enlisted in the U.S. Naval Reserve, seeing action in both the Atlantic and Pacific theaters. After the war, Vanik served as a city judge from 1946 to 1954.[citation needed]

United States House of Representatives

[edit]

In 1954, he ran for Ohio's 21st congressional district. The district, located on Cleveland's East Side, was evenly divided between African Americans, who were then solidly Republican voters, and whites, who were mostly Democrats.[4] In the Democratic primary, Vanik defeated longtime incumbent Congressman Robert Crosser as well as African-American challenger John Holly, founder of the Negro Future Outlook League.[5][6]

In the general election, Vanik defeated African-American Republican Francis E. Young, who helped organize the Cleveland branch of the NAACP.[4] Vanik shifted districts in 1968 to the neighboring 22nd district, to make way for Louis Stokes whose growing political operation had challenged him in previous races, defeating Frances P. Bolton, who had served the district since 1939. Vanik served in the district until 1981.[citation needed]

In 1974, Vanik sponsored the Jackson–Vanik amendment with Sen. Henry "Scoop" Jackson, which denied normal trade relations to certain countries with non-market economies that restricted the freedom of emigration. The amendment was intended to allow refugees, particularly religious minorities, to escape from the Soviet Bloc. During this time, Vanik was the chair of the House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade.[citation needed]

He used to insert into the Congressional Record what he called the "Annual Corporate Tax Study" in which he'd list corporations that paid little to no federal income taxes.[citation needed]

In 1982, Vanik contested for the Democratic nomination for lieutenant-governor of Ohio as running mate with Ohio Attorney General William J. Brown who was running for governor. The ticket lost to Richard F. Celeste and Myrl Shoemaker. Vanik was known for wearing black bow ties with every suit.[citation needed]

Death

[edit]

Vanik died in his sleep on August 30, 2007, at his home in Jupiter, Florida. He was 94. He was survived by his wife, Betty, one son, one daughter and two grandchildren.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Vanik, Charles Albert". 12 May 2018.
  2. ^ American Presidents, Religion, and Israel: The Heirs of Cyrus by Paul Charles Merkley, pg 68.
  3. ^ "DigiArchiv of SRA Trebon - ver. 20.03.13". digi.ceskearchivy.cz. Retrieved 2020-03-23.
  4. ^ a b "Three More Negroes May Win Congress Seats This November". Jet. Chicago: Johnson Publishing Company. 1954-08-19. pp. 6–7. Retrieved 2014-07-04. In the balanced 21st district (50 per cent Negro, 50 per cent white vote), Negroes vote mostly Republican, whites Democratic.
  5. ^ "VANIK, CHARLES ALBERT". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Retrieved 2016-11-16. Vanik defeated long-time Congressman ROBERT CROSSER in the Democratic Primary in 1954.
  6. ^ "22 Negroes Win Primary Nominations". Jet. Chicago: Johnson Publishing Company. 1954-05-20. pp. 3–4. Retrieved 2014-07-04. Young, active in civic affairs, will face Charles A. Vanik, a white municipal court judge, who edged out John Holly, founder of the Negro Future Outlook League, in the Democratic primary.
[edit]
Congressman Charles A. Vanik (third from left) and Congressman Mo Udall (second from right) visit a Samsonite plant in Ambos Nogales, a link in the "twin plant" concept that has created hundreds of jobs for communities on both sides of the international boundary, 1978
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Charles Vanik.
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Ohio's 21st congressional district
1955–1969 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Ohio's 22nd congressional district
1969–1981 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Vanik&oldid=1206764707"