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Camel racing during the 2009 Camel Cup held in Alice Springs

Al-Shahaniya, Qatar's largest camel racing track

Camel racing is a racing sport in which jockeys riding on camels compete against each other to finish a set number of laps around a circular racetrack. It is most popular in Western Asia, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Pakistan, Mongolia and Australia. Professional camel racing, like horse racing, is an event for betting and tourism. Camels can run at speeds up to 65 km/h (18 m/s; 40 mph) in short sprints and they can maintain a speed of 40 km/h (11 m/s; 25 mph) for an hour. Camels are often controlled by child jockeys, but allegations of human rights abuses have led to nationwide bans on underage labor in the UAE and Qatar. In modern camel racing, camels are often controlled by remote controlled robotic whips.

History

Camel racing is a centuries-old racing event, which has been practiced as a traditional Middle Eastern sport since Medieval times. It can be at least traced back to the 7th century CE Arabian Peninsula where it was a folk sport practiced at social gatherings and festivals.^[1]^[2] Camels have held an important position in Middle Eastern societies as modes of transportation beyond racing for thousands of years, only recently replaced by automobiles in the mid-20th Century during the oil boom in the region.^[3]

Historically, many camel races in the Persian Gulf region of the Middle East existed to serve the purpose of a social event and celebration rather than an intense competition. Bedouin communities often conducted short, 300 to 500 meter long races to commemorate special occasions such as weddings, religious festivals and feasts, and rainfall.^[3]

When competitions occurred in past eras of camel racing, the arrangements and prizes were significantly less planned ahead than they are in the races today. Participants were rarely determined more than a day in advance, and usually came as the result of a challenge between camel owners. The sport had very few rules and regulations, and foul play between riders prior to races was common. Furthermore, there were no age or weight classes for camels or riders.^[3]

Camel racing today

With the immense influx of money into the Arab world as a result of the oil economy emerging in the 1960s and 70s, the societies of the region underwent massive transformation, and with it, so did camel racing.^[4] Due to increased popularity and participation in the sport, races are now split into divisions and classes of race distance as well as the age and breed of the camel to standardize competitions. Numerous tracks were also constructed primarily for camel racing in the United Arab Emirates during the 1980s, including famous tracks Al-Wathba, near Abu Dhabi, and Nad Al-Shiba near Dubai. Both tracks have a maximum spectator capacity of around 1,000 people.^[3]

Major events and prizes

A major camel race is the Camel Cup held at Alice Springs which is the second biggest prize purse camel race in Australia. It is held annually and includes not only the camel races themselves, but also a collection of market stalls and other entertainment.

The biggest prize money camel race in Australia is "The Boulia Desert Sands" with a A$500,000 prize purse in Queensland.

Child jockeys

Children are often favored as jockeys because of their light weight, and in order to maximize the camels' speed they often will fast for days at a time prior to each race.^[5] It has been reported that thousands of children (some reported as young as 2 years old) are trafficked usually from countries such as Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Pakistan, and Sudan for use as jockeys in Arab States of the Persian Gulf.^[6] In 2005, aid workers estimated a range of 5,000 – 40,000 child camel jockeys in the Persian Gulf region.^[7]^[8]

Many child camel jockeys are seriously injured by falling off the camels.^[9] The child jockeys live in camps (called "ousbah") near the racetracks and many are victims of abuse.^[7] Hundreds of children have been rescued from camel farms in Oman, Qatar, and UAE and taken back to their original homes or kept in shelter homes.^[10] Many however, are unable to identify their parents or home communities in South Asia or Sudan. Some countries have issued penalties for those who trafficked child camel jockeys and ordered the owners responsibilities for returning the children back to their home countries. However, they report that in many instances the children rescued were those who had been sold away by their own parents in exchange for money or a job abroad. If they were returned, the children would again be sold for the same purposes. Other children did not speak their native languages, or did not know how to live outside the camel farms.

A prominent activist for rehabilitation and recovery of the jockeys is Pakistani lawyer Ansar Burney. He has focused a portion of his work on eliminating the use of child jockeys.

Banning

The United Arab Emirates was the first to ban the use of children under 15 as jockeys in camel racing when Sheikh Hamdan bin Zayed Al Nahyan announced the ban on 29 July 2002.^[11] In 2009 the UAE paid compensation to 879 former jockeys.^[12] While the UAE has said that it issues penalties for those found using children as jockeys, in 2010 volunteers from Anti-Slavery International photographed violations of the ban.^[13] Nowadays, the UAE is the birthplace of the current robot jockeys, which are designed to ride camels. The original design, a joint effort between the UAE and Switzerland. ^[14]^[15]

In Qatar, the former Emir of Qatar, Hamad Al Thani, banned child jockeys in 2005^[16] and directed that, by 2007, all camel races would be directed by robotic jockeys.^[17]

References

^ Etheredge, Laura (15 January 2011). Persian Gulf States: Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. ISBN 978-1-61530-327-4.
^ Williams, Victoria R. (28 April 2015). Weird Sports and Wacky Games around the World: From Buzkashi to Zorbing: From Buzkashi to Zorbing. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-61069-640-1.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Khalaf, Sulayman (1999). "Camel Racing in the Gulf: Notes on the Evolution of a Traditional Cultural Sport". Anthropos. 94 (1/3): 85–106. JSTOR 40465695 – via JSTOR.
^ Khalaf, Sulayman (Summer 2000). "Poetics and Politics of Newly Invented Traditions in the Gulf: Camel Racing in the United Arab Emirates". Ethnology. 39 (3): 243–261. doi:10.2307/3774109. JSTOR 3774109 – via ProQuest.
^ Bener, Abdulbari; Al-Mulla, Fatima H.; Al-Humoud, Suhail M. Q.; Azhar, Abdulaziz (September 2005). "Camel Racing Injuries Among Children". Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 15 (5): 1 – via Ovid.
^ 2005 U.S. State Department Trafficking in Persons Report. State.gov. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
^ ^a ^b Williamson, Lucy. (4 February 2005) South Asia | Child camel jockeys find hope. BBC News. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
^ The Times | UK News, World News and Opinion. Timesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
^ "Help for Gulf child camel jockeys." BBC News 2 December 2004. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
^ Under-age camel jockeys get caring hand Archived 21 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine. gulfnews. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
^ "UAE enforces stringent steps to eradicate child jockeys." Archived 6 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine (Wam), Khaleej Times, 24 May 2005
^ Nelson, Dean. (5 May 2009) "Former camel jockeys compensated by UAE." Telegraph. Retrieved 2012-01-27.
^ Peachey, Paul(3 March 2010). "UAE defies ban on child camel jockeys." The Independent. Retrieved 2012-01-27.
^ "2023 Guide to Camel Race Abu Dhabi". Arabiers. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
^ Tusing, David; Whiteoak, Chris (4 February 2022). "Bait Al Thiqa – the Dubai company making robot jockeys". The National. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
^ Can robots ride camels? by Ian Sample, The Guardian, Thursday, 2005-04-14
^ Lewis, Jim (November 2005). "Robots of Arabia." Wired, Issue 13.11.

External links

[1] Etheredge, Laura (15 January 2011). Persian Gulf States: Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. ISBN 978-1-61530-327-4.

[2] Williams, Victoria R. (28 April 2015). Weird Sports and Wacky Games around the World: From Buzkashi to Zorbing: From Buzkashi to Zorbing. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-61069-640-1.

[:0-3] Khalaf, Sulayman (1999). "Camel Racing in the Gulf: Notes on the Evolution of a Traditional Cultural Sport". Anthropos. 94 (1/3): 85–106. JSTOR 40465695 – via JSTOR.

[4] Khalaf, Sulayman (Summer 2000). "Poetics and Politics of Newly Invented Traditions in the Gulf: Camel Racing in the United Arab Emirates". Ethnology. 39 (3): 243–261. doi:10.2307/3774109. JSTOR 3774109 – via ProQuest.

[5] Bener, Abdulbari; Al-Mulla, Fatima H.; Al-Humoud, Suhail M. Q.; Azhar, Abdulaziz (September 2005). "Camel Racing Injuries Among Children". Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 15 (5): 1 – via Ovid.

[6] 2005 U.S. State Department Trafficking in Persons Report. State.gov. Retrieved 2011-10-25.

[autogenerated1-7] Williamson, Lucy. (4 February 2005) South Asia | Child camel jockeys find hope. BBC News. Retrieved 2011-10-25.

[8] The Times | UK News, World News and Opinion. Timesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-10-25.

[9] "Help for Gulf child camel jockeys." BBC News 2 December 2004. Retrieved 2011-10-25.

[10] Under-age camel jockeys get caring hand Archived 21 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine. gulfnews. Retrieved 2011-10-25.

[11] "UAE enforces stringent steps to eradicate child jockeys." Archived 6 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine (Wam), Khaleej Times, 24 May 2005

[12] Nelson, Dean. (5 May 2009) "Former camel jockeys compensated by UAE." Telegraph. Retrieved 2012-01-27.

[13] Peachey, Paul(3 March 2010). "UAE defies ban on child camel jockeys." The Independent. Retrieved 2012-01-27.

[14] "2023 Guide to Camel Race Abu Dhabi". Arabiers. Retrieved 22 February 2023.

[15] Tusing, David; Whiteoak, Chris (4 February 2022). "Bait Al Thiqa – the Dubai company making robot jockeys". The National. Retrieved 22 February 2023.

[GUK-16] Can robots ride camels? by Ian Sample, The Guardian, Thursday, 2005-04-14

[Wired-17] Lewis, Jim (November 2005). "Robots of Arabia." Wired, Issue 13.11.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Popular sport in parts of Africa, Asia and Australia}}
 {{more citations needed|date=December 2017}}
+[[File:Maralal Camel Derby.jpg|thumb|Camel racing in Maralal, Kenya.]]
 {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
 [[File:Dromedary Race (1878) - TIMEA.jpg|thumb|1878 Camel racing in [[Egypt]]]]
@@ Line 5: / Line 7: @@
 [[File:Camel Race Track Qatar.jpg|thumb|right|[[Al-Shahaniya]], Qatar's largest camel racing track]]
 [[File:Dubai camel race.jpg|thumb|right|Camel racing in Dubai]]
-'''Camel racing''' is a popular sport in [[Western Asia]], [[North Africa]], the [[Horn of Africa]], [[Pakistan]], [[Mongolia]] and [[Australia]]. Professional camel racing, like [[horse racing]], is an event for [[betting]] and tourist attraction. [[Camel]]s can run at speeds up to 65&nbsp;km/h (18&nbsp;m/s; 40&nbsp;mph) in short sprints and they can maintain a speed of 40&nbsp;km/h (11&nbsp;m/s; 25&nbsp;mph) for an hour.
+'''Camel racing''' is a [[racing]] [[sport]] in which jockeys riding on [[Camel|camels]] compete against each other to finish a set number of laps around a circular racetrack. It is most popular in [[Western Asia]], [[North Africa]], the [[Horn of Africa]], [[Pakistan]], [[Mongolia]] and [[Australia]]. Professional camel racing, like [[horse racing]], is an event for [[betting]] and [[tourism]]. [[Camel]]s can run at speeds up to 65&nbsp;km/h (18&nbsp;m/s; 40&nbsp;mph) in short sprints and they can maintain a speed of 40&nbsp;km/h (11&nbsp;m/s; 25&nbsp;mph) for an hour. Camels are often controlled by child jockeys, but allegations of human rights abuses have led to nationwide bans on underage labor in the [[UAE]] and [[Qatar]]. In modern camel racing, camels are often controlled by [[Robot jockey|remote controlled robotic whips]].
-Camels are often controlled by child jockeys, but allegations of human rights abuses have led to nationwide bans on underage labor in the [[UAE]] and [[Qatar]]. In modern camel racing, camels are often controlled by [[Robot jockey|remote controlled robotic whips]].
+==History==
+Camel racing is a centuries-old racing event, which has been practiced as a traditional Middle Eastern sport since Medieval times. It can be at least traced back to the 7th century CE Arabian Peninsula where it was a folk sport practiced at social gatherings and festivals.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Etheredge|first=Laura|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IM6J4sgCU28C&pg=PA138|title=Persian Gulf States: Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates|date=2011-01-15|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc|isbn=978-1-61530-327-4|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Victoria R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lpDdBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA41|title=Weird Sports and Wacky Games around the World: From Buzkashi to Zorbing: From Buzkashi to Zorbing|date=2015-04-28|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-61069-640-1|language=en}}</ref> Camels have held an important position in Middle Eastern societies as modes of transportation beyond racing for thousands of years, only recently replaced by automobiles in the mid-20th Century during the [[History of the oil industry in Saudi Arabia|oil boom]] in the region.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Khalaf |first=Sulayman |date=1999 |title=Camel Racing in the Gulf: Notes on the Evolution of a Traditional Cultural Sport |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40465695 |journal=Anthropos |volume=94 |issue=1/3 |pages=85–106 |jstor=40465695 |via=JSTOR}}</ref>
+Historically, many camel races in the [[Persian Gulf]] region of the Middle East existed to serve the purpose of a social event and celebration rather than an intense competition. [[Bedouin]] communities often conducted short, 300 to 500 meter long races to commemorate special occasions such as weddings, religious festivals and feasts, and rainfall.<ref name=":0" />
+When competitions occurred in past eras of camel racing, the arrangements and prizes were significantly less planned ahead than they are in the races today. Participants were rarely determined more than a day in advance, and usually came as the result of a challenge between camel owners. The sport had very few rules and regulations, and foul play between riders prior to races was common. Furthermore, there were no age or weight classes for camels or riders.<ref name=":0" />
+== Camel racing today ==
+With the immense influx of money into the Arab world as a result of the oil economy emerging in the 1960s and 70s, the societies of the region underwent massive transformation, and with it, so did camel racing.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khalaf |first=Sulayman |date=Summer 2000 |title=Poetics and Politics of Newly Invented Traditions in the Gulf: Camel Racing in the United Arab Emirates |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/3774109 |journal=Ethnology |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=243–261 |doi=10.2307/3774109 |jstor=3774109 |via=ProQuest}}</ref> Due to increased popularity and participation in the sport, races are now split into divisions and classes of race distance as well as the age and breed of the camel to standardize competitions. Numerous tracks were also constructed primarily for camel racing in the United Arab Emirates during the 1980s, including famous tracks Al-Wathba, near [[Abu Dhabi]], and Nad Al-Shiba near [[Dubai]]. Both tracks have a maximum spectator capacity of around 1,000 people.<ref name=":0" />
+== Major events and prizes ==
 A major camel race is the [[Camel Cup]] held at [[Alice Springs, Northern Territory|Alice Springs]] which is the second biggest prize purse camel race in Australia. It is held annually and includes not only the camel races themselves, but also a collection of market stalls and other entertainment.
 The biggest [[prize money]] camel race in Australia is "The Boulia Desert Sands" with a A$500,000 prize purse in Queensland.
-==History==
-Camel racing is a centuries-old racing event, which has been practiced as a traditional Middle Eastern sport since Medieval times. It can be at least traced back to the 7th century CE Arabian Peninsula where it was a folk sport practiced at social gatherings and festivals.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Etheredge|first=Laura|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IM6J4sgCU28C&pg=PA138|title=Persian Gulf States: Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates|date=2011-01-15|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc|isbn=978-1-61530-327-4|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Victoria R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lpDdBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA41|title=Weird Sports and Wacky Games around the World: From Buzkashi to Zorbing: From Buzkashi to Zorbing|date=2015-04-28|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-61069-640-1|language=en}}</ref>
 ==Child jockeys==
-Children are often favored as jockeys because of their light weight. It has been reported that thousands of children (some reported as young as 2 years old) are [[human trafficking|trafficked]] usually from countries such as Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Pakistan, and Sudan for use as jockeys in [[Arab States of the Persian Gulf]].<ref>[https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2005/46606.htm 2005 U.S. State Department Trafficking in Persons Report]. State.gov. Retrieved 2011-10-25.</ref> In 2005, aid workers estimated a range of 5,000 – 40,000 child camel jockeys in the Persian Gulf region.<ref name="autogenerated1">Williamson, Lucy. (4 February 2005) [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4236123.stm South Asia | Child camel jockeys find hope]. BBC News. Retrieved 2011-10-25.</ref><ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article438324.ece The Times | UK News, World News and Opinion]. Timesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-10-25.</ref>
+Children are often favored as jockeys because of their light weight, and in order to maximize the camels' speed they often will fast for days at a time prior to each race.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bener |first1=Abdulbari |last2=Al-Mulla |first2=Fatima H. |last3=Al-Humoud |first3=Suhail M. Q. |last4=Azhar |first4=Abdulaziz |date=September 2005 |title=Camel Racing Injuries Among Children |url=https://go.exlibris.link/VB9R9JRX |journal=Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine |volume=15 |issue=5 |pages=1 |via=Ovid}}</ref> It has been reported that thousands of children (some reported as young as 2 years old) are [[human trafficking|trafficked]] usually from countries such as Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Pakistan, and Sudan for use as jockeys in [[Arab States of the Persian Gulf]].<ref>[https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2005/46606.htm 2005 U.S. State Department Trafficking in Persons Report]. State.gov. Retrieved 2011-10-25.</ref> In 2005, aid workers estimated a range of 5,000 – 40,000 child camel jockeys in the Persian Gulf region.<ref name="autogenerated1">Williamson, Lucy. (4 February 2005) [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4236123.stm South Asia | Child camel jockeys find hope]. BBC News. Retrieved 2011-10-25.</ref><ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article438324.ece The Times | UK News, World News and Opinion]. Timesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-10-25.</ref>
 Many child camel jockeys are seriously injured by falling off the camels.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4063391.stm "Help for Gulf child camel jockeys."] ''BBC News'' 2 December 2004. Retrieved 2011-10-25.</ref> The child jockeys live in camps (called "ousbah") near the racetracks and many are victims of abuse.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> Hundreds of children have been rescued from camel farms in Oman, Qatar, and [[UAE]] and taken back to their original homes or kept in shelter homes.<ref>[http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/general/under-age-camel-jockeys-get-caring-hand-1.106700 Under-age camel jockeys get caring hand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021172611/http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/general/under-age-camel-jockeys-get-caring-hand-1.106700 |date=21 October 2012 }}. gulfnews. Retrieved 2011-10-25.</ref> Many however, are unable to identify their parents or home communities in South Asia or Sudan. Some countries have issued penalties for those who trafficked child camel jockeys and ordered the owners responsibilities for returning the children back to their home countries. However, they report that in many instances the children rescued were those who had been sold away by their own parents in exchange for money or a job abroad. If they were returned, the children would again be sold for the same purposes. Other children did not speak their native languages, or did not know how to live outside the camel farms.
@@ Line 23: / Line 32: @@
 ===Banning===
-The United Arab Emirates was the first to ban the use of children under 15 as jockeys in camel racing when [[Sheikh]] [[Hamdan bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan|Hamdan bin Zayed Al Nahyan]] announced the ban on 29 July 2002.<ref>[http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle.asp?xfile=data/theuae/2005/May/theuae_May691.xml&section=theuae "UAE enforces stringent steps to eradicate child jockeys."] (Wam), ''[[Khaleej Times]]'', 24 May 2005</ref> In 2009 the UAE paid compensation to 879 former jockeys.<ref>Nelson, Dean. (5 May 2009) [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/bangladesh/5278605/Former-camel-jockeys-compensated-by-UAE.html "Former camel jockeys compensated by UAE."] ''Telegraph''. Retrieved 2012-01-27.</ref> While the UAE has said that it issues penalties for those found using children as jockeys, in 2010 volunteers from Anti-Slavery International photographed violations of the ban.<ref>Peachey, Paul(3 March 2010). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/uae-defies-ban-on-child-camel-jockeys-1914915.html "UAE defies ban on child camel jockeys."] ''The Independent''. Retrieved 2012-01-27.</ref>
+The United Arab Emirates was the first to ban the use of children under 15 as jockeys in camel racing when [[Sheikh]] [[Hamdan bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan|Hamdan bin Zayed Al Nahyan]] announced the ban on 29 July 2002.<ref>[http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle.asp?xfile=data/theuae/2005/May/theuae_May691.xml&section=theuae "UAE enforces stringent steps to eradicate child jockeys."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306012735/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle.asp?xfile=data%2Ftheuae%2F2005%2FMay%2Ftheuae_May691.xml&section=theuae |date=6 March 2014 }} (Wam), ''[[Khaleej Times]]'', 24 May 2005</ref> In 2009 the UAE paid compensation to 879 former jockeys.<ref>Nelson, Dean. (5 May 2009) [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/bangladesh/5278605/Former-camel-jockeys-compensated-by-UAE.html "Former camel jockeys compensated by UAE."] ''Telegraph''. Retrieved 2012-01-27.</ref> While the UAE has said that it issues penalties for those found using children as jockeys, in 2010 volunteers from Anti-Slavery International photographed violations of the ban.<ref>Peachey, Paul(3 March 2010). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/uae-defies-ban-on-child-camel-jockeys-1914915.html "UAE defies ban on child camel jockeys."] ''The Independent''. Retrieved 2012-01-27.</ref> Nowadays, the UAE is the birthplace of the current robot jockeys, which are designed to ride camels. The original design, a joint effort between the UAE and Switzerland. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 Guide to Camel Race Abu Dhabi |url=https://www.arabiers.com/ae/en/# |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=Arabiers |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Tusing |first1=David |last2=Whiteoak |first2=Chris |date=2022-02-04 |title=Bait Al Thiqa – the Dubai company making robot jockeys |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/weekend/2022/02/04/bait-al-thiqa-the-dubai-company-making-robot-jockeys/ |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref>
 In Qatar, the former [[Emir of Qatar]], [[Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani|Hamad Al Thani]], banned child jockeys in 2005<ref name=GUK>[https://www.theguardian.com/life/thisweek/story/0,12977,1458529,00.html Can robots ride camels?] by Ian Sample, ''[[The Guardian]]'', Thursday, 2005-04-14</ref> and directed that, by 2007, all camel races would be directed by [[robot jockey|robotic jockey]]s.<ref name=Wired>Lewis, Jim (November 2005). [https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.11/camel.html?pg=1&topic=camel&topic_set= "Robots of Arabia."] ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'', Issue 13.11.</ref>