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The All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) (formed March 10, 1993) is a political front formed as an alliance of 26 political, social and religious organizations in Kashmir. It was formed achieving the right of self-determination according to United Nations Security Council Resolution 47. "Hurriyat" in Urdu means "freedom".^[1]^[2]^[3] Ghulam Mohammad Safi was elected its leader in January 2010.^[4]

Objectives

According to its constitution, the APHC was intended to be a union of political, social and religious parties of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The purpose of the organization are as follows:

Wage a peaceful struggle to secure the right to self determination of the people of Kashmir.
Endeavour to find an alternative solution by involving all three parties to the dispute; viz. India, Pakistan and Kashmir, under UN auspices or a friendly country
Endeavor to promote a society based on Islamic values keeping in mind the Muslim majority character of the state. While at the same time, safeguarding the rights and interests of non-Muslims.

Current members

At the time of formation All Parties Hurriyat Conference members included Yaseen Malik's Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), Shabbir Shah's People's Democratic Front, Maulana Mohammad Abbas Ansari of Ittihadul Muslimeen, Shakeel Bakshi's Islamic Students League, Muslim Conference led Abdul Ghani Bhat. Mirwaiz Omar Farooq then the Chairman of the J & K Awami Action Committee played an important role in forming the Conference. Current members include:

Number	Name of the Party	Leader
1	Aawami Action Committee	Mirwaiz Omar Farooq
2	Ittihadul Muslimeen	Maulana Mohammad Abbas Ansari
3	Anjamani Auqafi Jama Masjid	Mohammad Umar Farooq
4	Anjaman-e-Tablig-ul Islam	Syed Qasim Shah Bukhari
5	Auquaf Jama Masjid	Ghulam Muhammad Butt
6	Employees and Workers Confederation
7	Employees & Workers Confederation (Arsawi Group)
8	All Jammu & Kashmir Employees’ Confederation	Ishtiaq Qadri
9	Jamaat-e-Islami
10	Jamiat-e-Ahle Hadith	Moulana Tahiri
11	Jamiate Ulama-E-Islam	Abdul Gani Azhari
12	Jamiat-e-Hamdania	Moulana M. Yasin Hamdani
13	Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference	Abdul Ghani Lone till 2002 assassination
14	Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front	Muhammad Yasin Malik
15	Jammu and Kashmir Human Rights Committee	Noor-Ul-Hassan
16	Jammu and Kashmir People's Basic Rights (Protection) Committee	Moufi Bahauddin Farouqi
17	Liberation Council	Maulana Muhammad Abbas Ansari
18	Kashmir Bazme Tawheed	Moulana Mohammed Mubariki
19	Kashmir Bar Association	Mian Abdul Qayoum
20	Muslim Khawateen Markaz	Ms. Zamrooda Habib
21	Muslim Conference	Prof. Abdul Ghani Butt
22	Political Conference	Abdul Samad
23	Tehreek-e-Huriati Kashmiri	Syed Ali Geelani
24	People's League	Sheikh Abdul Aziz
25	Students Islamic League	Shakeel Bakshi
26	Jammu Kashmir People's Freedom League	Farooq Rehmani

How ever Hurriyat Conference got split after the 2002 Assembly elections when some of it's constituents participated in the Assembly elections violating the hurriyat constitution.From then there are two factions of Hurriyat conferences one lead by the most popular resistense leader of Kashmir Syed Ali Shah Geelani and the other by Mirwaiz Umer Farooq,son of late Molvi Farooq who was assassinated in early ninetees.

Thy Hurriyat lead by Syed Ali Geelani is the most popular among masses due to the clear stance of liberation from the Indian union.

Members of the Executive Council of the APHC are:

Jamat-e-Islami, Syed Ali Shah Geelani
Awami Action Committee Mirwaiz Omar Farooq
People's League, Sheikh Abdul Aziz
Itehad-ul-Muslimeen Moulvi Abbas Ansari
Muslim Conference, Prof. Abdul Ghani Bhat
JKLF, Yasin Malik

Role in the politics of Kashmir

The APHC does not recognise the Indian right over Kashmir. It blames India's lack of sincerity for the failure of the repeated attempts at the resolution of the Kashmir issue. It has consistently criticized the Indian troops present in Kashmir and accused them of human rights violations.

The APHC is divided into two factions. One, led by Mirwaiz Omar Farooq, second, Tehreek-i-Hurriyat, led by Syed Ali Shah Geelani, both call for resolution of Kashmir on the basis of the right to self-determination of the people under the auspices of United Nations. Since 2004, the Omar Farooq faction has held three rounds of talks with the Government of India, while as Syed Ali Shah Geelani faction rejected the talks until India stops the use of Armed Forces Special Powers Act and accepts Kashmir as a disputed territory.

The Hurriyat boycotted the May 2006 round table conference in Srinagar, which leaders of Jammu and Kashmir, and the Prime Minister of India attended. This was a setback to the Hurriyat's dialogue with New Delhi.

Presently the two factions of Hurriyat are heading towards a single platform considering their common objectives as their main priorities.

References

^ Profile of All Party Hurriyat Conference (APHC), Kashmiri Herald, Vol. 1, No. 12, May 2002.
^ South Asian Intelligence Review on All Parties Hurriyat Conference.
^ Hurriyat: A crowded house, a divided house - A brief history of the Hurriyat and its key players, The Indian Express, 23 May 2002.
^ Kashmiri organisation felicitate Safi on his election, Associated Press of Pakistan, January 14, 2010.

External links

[1] Profile of All Party Hurriyat Conference (APHC), Kashmiri Herald, Vol. 1, No. 12, May 2002.

[2] South Asian Intelligence Review on All Parties Hurriyat Conference.

[3] Hurriyat: A crowded house, a divided house - A brief history of the Hurriyat and its key players, The Indian Express, 23 May 2002.

[4] Kashmiri organisation felicitate Safi on his election, Associated Press of Pakistan, January 14, 2010.

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 Presently the two factions of Hurriyat are heading towards a single platform considering their common objectives as their main priorities.
-==Alleged role of Pakistan==
-Meanwhile, elections were held in Indian Jammu & Kashmir, which brought up the popular Muslim leader [[Sheikh Abdullah]], who with his party [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]], by and large supported India. The elected [[Constituent assembly of Jammu and Kashmir|Constituent Assembly]] met for the first time in [[Srinagar]] on October 31, 1951.<ref name="Official J&K">{{cite web|url = http://jammukashmir.nic.in/profile/majev.htm#1| title = Major Events|publisher = Jammu and Kashmir Government, India |accessdate = 2007-01-09}}</ref> Then The State Constituent Assembly ratified the accession of the State to the Union of India on February 6, 1954 and the President of India subsequently issued the Constitution (Application to J&K) Order under Article 370 of the Indian Constitution extending the Union Constitution to the State with some exceptions and modifications. The State’s own Constitution came into force on January 26, 1957 under which the elections to the State Legislative Assembly were held for the first time on the basis of adult franchise the same year. This Constitution further reiterated the ratification of the State’s accession to Union of India.<ref name="Official J&K">{{cite web|url = http://jammukashmir.nic.in/profile/jkhist.htm#The%20Story%20Behind| title = The Story Behind|publisher = Jammu and Kashmir Government, India |accessdate = 2007-01-09}}</ref> However, these tidings were not recognized by Pakistan, which has continued to press for a plebiscite to ascertain the wishes of the people. Pakistan set up its own Kashmir, called [[Azad Kashmir]] in a tiny Western chunk that it controls. The much larger region of Pakistani Kashmir in the North-West, which was a province named ''Northern Areas'' in the erstwhile state, by and large bore no mention in Pakistani laws and Constitution as being of any status, until in 1982 the Pakistani President General [[Zia ul Haq]] proclaimed that the people of the Northern Areas were Pakistanis and had nothing to do with the State of Jammu and Kashmir.<ref name="Embassy of India-Northern Areas">{{cite web|url = http://www.indianembassy.org/policy/Kashmir/Kashmir_MEA/Northern_Areas.html| title = A Comprehensive Note on Jammu & Kashmir: The Northern Areas|publisher = Embassy of India, Washington D.C.|accessdate = 2007-01-09}}</ref> The insurgency was, inter alia, targetting the Hindu Kashmiri Pandit minority like Jihad by Muslims on indigenous people of Serbia, Iran & Egypt.<ref>http://www.historyofjihad.com/serbia.html</ref><ref>http://www.historyofjihad.com/egypt.html</ref><ref>http://www.historyofjihad.com/iran.html</ref> They had to, therefore, leave the valley in a hurry, without taking all their belongings, hoping to return soon to their homes after things had 'settled down'; things never settled down & entire state Islamised like Arabia<ref>http://www.historyofjihad.org/arab.html</ref> where Islam first flourished, and the Kashmiri Hindu community is not feeling confident enough to return to settle down in the valley being targeted always. The violent Islamic insurgency has specifically targeted this minority and 300,000 have been murdered and 4,00,000 displaced along with gang rapes of 35,000 Kashmiri Hindu women like Islamic invasion of Iran<ref>http://www.historyofjihad.org/persia.html</ref> by the Muslims.<ref>[http://www.house.gov/list/press/nj06_pallone/pr_feb15_kashmir.html Pallone introduces resolution condemning Human rights violation against Kashmiri Pandits], [[United States House of Representatives]], 2006-02-15</ref> This has been condemned and labeled as [[ethnic cleansing]] in a 2006 resolution passed by the [[United States Congress]].<ref>[http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c109:H.CON.RES.344: Expressing the sense of Congress that the Government of the Republic of India and the State Government of Jammu and Kashmir should take immediate steps to remedy the situation of Kashmiri Pandits and should act to ensure the physical, political, and economic security of this embattled community. HR Resolution 344], [[United States House of Representatives]], 2006-02-15</ref> Also in 2009 [[Oregon Legislative Assembly]] passed a resolution to recognize 14 September 2007, as Martyrs Day to acknowledge ethnic cleansing and campaigns of terror inflicted on non-Muslim minorities of [[Jammu and Kashmir]] by militants seeking to establish an [[Islamic state]].<ref>[http://www.leg.state.or.us/09reg/measpdf/sjr1.dir/sjr0023.intro.pdf Senate Joint Resolution 23, 75th OREGON LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY--2009 Regular Session]</ref> However according to [[CIA]] About 300,000 Kashmir Hindus (Pundits) in Indian Administered Kashmir valley are [[internally displaced]] in [[Kashmir]] specially in Udhampur & Jammu refugee camps and rest 1,00,000 in Delhi camps hoisted by Indian Government and [[UNO]].<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html]</ref> The [[ethnic cleansing]] of Kashmiri Pandits continues, with [[anti-Hindu]] threats made to them by [[militants]] as recently as 2009<ref>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/Under-renewed-threats-pandits-may-flee-the-Valley/H1-Article1-477268.aspx]</ref>
-Hurriyat is the main political front of [[Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front]]. '''Yasin Malik''' is the chairman of one of the two faction of [[JKLF]], the chairman for other faction is [[Farooq Siddiqi]] ([[Farooq Papa]]). The Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), founded by Amanullah Khan and Maqbool Bhat, is a Kashmiri Muslim political organization founded in Birmingham, UK on May 29, 1977. Within a couple of years branches were established in several cities and towns of the UK; and also in several countries of Europe, USA and Middle East. In 1982 branches of this Islamic Militant organisation were established in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, Pakistan and in 1987 in Indian-administered Kashmir (Jammu & Kashmir) which shows it essential foreign origin. He started his movement for separation of Jammu & Kashmir from secular India as an Islamic Nation of [[Darul Islam]] while silent on freedom of [[Pakistan Occupied Kashmir|Pakistan-administered Kashmir]]. In public he supports the return of [[Kashmiri Pandit|Kashmiri Hindus]] back to the valley<ref>http://www.factusa.org/totalexhibit/board14.htm</ref> but, 7,00,000 lakh minority Hindus ousted by his earlier genocidal pogrom don't believe his sincerity.<ref>http://www.vigilonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1286&Itemid=122</ref>
-He now lives in his new [[Bungalow]] in Maisuma, Srinagar and provide support to Kashmiri Separatism.<ref>http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/international/meet-mrs-malik</ref>
-In 2007 Yasin Malik and his party launched a peaceful campaign known as Safar-i-Azadi (Journey to Freedom)<ref>http://www.koshur.org/music/video/politics.html</ref>. This journey was to create an atmosphere for anti-Indian agitations among public which lasted for one year and during it, Yasin Malik and his colleagues visited about 3500 towns and villages of Kashmir<ref>http://www.zeenews.com/news594718.html</ref>. Stone pelting and sporadic attacks by Muslim majority of Kashmir of security forces have increased hence forth.
-In January 2010, Yasin asked Kashmiri Pandit migrants to return to their homes in the Kashmir valley<ref>[http://news.oneindia.in/2010/01/22/yasinmalik-arrested-inkashmir.html]</ref> but situation as created by his politics is otherwise<ref>http://www.hindustantimes.com/Under-renewed-threats-pandits-may-flee-the-Valley/H1-Article1-477268.aspx</ref>.
 ==See also==