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{{Short description|British diplomat, economist and author (1864-1950)}}
⚫
'''Alfred Mitchell-Innes''' (30 June 1864 – 13 February 1950) was a [[United Kingdom|British]] diplomat, economist and author. He had the Grand Cross of the [[Order of Medjidie]]h conferred upon him by [[Abbas II of Egypt|Abbas II]], [[Khedive of Egypt]].
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}


{{Infobox officeholder
==Family==
| office = 1st [[Al Ahly SC|President of Al Ahly SC]]
| term_start = 24 April 1907
| term_end = 2 April 1908
| successor = [[Aziz Ezzat Pasha]]
| birth_date = 30 June 1864
| death_date = {{death date and age|1950|02|13|1864|06|30|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Edinburgh]]
| death_place = [[Bedford, Bedfordshire]]
|image= ميشيل إنس.jpg}}

⚫
'''Alfred Mitchell-Innes''' (30 June 1864 – 13 February 1950) was a British diplomat, [[economist]] and author. He had the Grand Cross of the [[Order of Medjidie]]h conferred upon him by [[Abbas II of Egypt|Abbas II]], [[Khedive of Egypt]]. He served as the first president of the Egyptian and the Africa's most crowned club [[Al Ahly SC]], from 1907 to 1908.

==Early and personal life==
[[File:Cypriot ambassador's residence.JPG|thumb|Former residence of Alfred Mitchell-Innes in [[Washington, D.C.]]]]
[[File:Cypriot ambassador's residence.JPG|thumb|Former residence of Alfred Mitchell-Innes in [[Washington, D.C.]]]]
The youngest child of Alexander Mitchell-Innes (1811–1866) of [[Ayton, Scottish Borders|Ayton]], and Whitehall (near [[Chirnside]]), [[Berwickshire]], by his second spouse Fanny Augusta (1821–1902), daughter of James Vine, in [[Puckaster]], [[Isle of Wight]], Alfred was born at 2 Forres Street, [[Edinburgh]]. He married (her second marriage) in 1919, Eveline (d. 28 December 1946), daughter of [[Sir William Miller, 1st Baronet]] of [[Manderston]], [[Berwickshire]].
The youngest child of Alexander Mitchell-Innes (1811–1886) of [[Ayton, Scottish Borders|Ayton]], and Whitehall (near [[Chirnside]]), [[Berwickshire]], by his second spouse Fanny Augusta (1821–1902), daughter of James Vine, in [[Puckaster]], [[Isle of Wight]], Alfred was born at 2 Forres Street, [[Edinburgh]]. He married (her second marriage) in 1919, Eveline (d. 28 December 1946), daughter of [[Sir William Miller, 1st Baronet]] of [[Manderston]], [[Berwickshire]]. In 1934, Mitchell-Innes and his wife contributed 25 Egyptian and oriental antiquities he had acquired from Egypt to the British Museum.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG54597/|title=A Mitchell-Innes|website=The British Museum}}</ref>


==Career==
==Career==
Educated privately, he entered the [[British Diplomatic Service]] in 1890 and was appointed to [[Cairo]] the next year. In 1896 he became financial advisor to [[Chulalongkorn|Chulalongkorn the Great]] (Rama V), King of [[Siam]]. In 1899 he was appointed Under-Secretary of State for Finance in [[Egypt]], and was Counselor at the [[Embassy of the United Kingdom in Washington, D.C.|British Embassy]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] from 1908 to 1913. He was Minister to [[Uruguay]] from 1913 to 1919, after which he retired.
Educated privately, he entered the [[British Diplomatic Service]] in 1890 and was appointed to [[Cairo]] the next year. In 1896 he became financial advisor to [[Chulalongkorn|Chulalongkorn the Great]] (Rama V), King of [[Siam]]. In 1899, he was appointed Under-Secretary of State for Finance in [[Egypt]], where he founded [[Al Ahly SC]] on 24 April 1907.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://alahlyegypt.com/announcement/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9/|title=أول مجلس في تاريخ الأهلي|website=alahlyegypt.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702154909/http://alahlyegypt.com/announcement/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9/|archive-date=2 July 2020}}</ref>

He later worked as a Counselor at the [[Embassy of the United Kingdom in Washington, D.C.|British Embassy]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] from 1908 to 1913. He was Minister to [[Uruguay]] from 1913 to 1919, after which he retired.


While in Washington, he wrote two articles on money and credit for ''The Banking Law Journal''. The first, 'What is Money?', received an approving review from [[John Maynard Keynes]],<ref>Keynes, John Maynard, 'What is money?', ''[[Economic Journal]]'', 24:95 (September 1914), pp.419-21</ref> which led to the publication of the second, '[[Credit theory of money]]'.<ref>[[David Graeber]]: ''Debt: The First 5,000 Years'', Publisher: Melville House; Reprint edition (November 27, 2012, {{ISBN|1612191290}}</ref> Long forgotten and rediscovered decades later, the articles have been praised as "the best pair of articles on the nature of money written in the twentieth century".<ref>L. Randall Wray, ''Credit and state theories of money: the contributions of A. Mitchell Innes'', p.223</ref>
While in Washington, he wrote two articles on money and credit for ''The Banking Law Journal''. The first, 'What is Money?', received an approving review from [[John Maynard Keynes]],<ref>{{ cite journal |author = Keynes, John Maynard |title =What is money? |journal = [[Economic Journal]] |volume = 24 |issue = 95 |date = September 1914 |JSTOR= 2222005
|pages=419-421}}</ref> which led to the publication of the second, '[[Credit theory of money]]'.<ref>[[David Graeber]]: ''Debt: The First 5,000 Years'', Publisher: Melville House; Reprint edition (November 27, 2012, {{ISBN|1612191290}}</ref> Long forgotten and rediscovered decades later, the articles have been praised as "the best pair of articles on the nature of money written in the twentieth century".<ref>L. Randall Wray, ''Credit and state theories of money: the contributions of A. Mitchell Innes'', p.223</ref>


In retirement he joined [[Bedford, England|Bedford]] Town Council, serving twice: from 1921 to 1931 and from 1934 to 1947.
In retirement he joined [[Bedford, England|Bedford]] Town Council, serving twice: from 1921 to 1931 and from 1934 to 1947.


==Publications==
==Publications==
* 'Love and The Law: a study of Oriental justice', ''[[Hibbert Journal]]'', January 1913, pp.&nbsp;273–296.
* {{cite journal | title = Love and The Law: a study of Oriental justice | first = Alfred | last = Mitchell-Innes | journal = [[Hibbert Journal]] | date = January 1913 | pages = 273–296 | oclc = 79467367 | publisher = George Allen & Unwin | location = London }}
* '[http://www.newmoneyhub.com/www/money/mitchell-innes/what-is-money.html What is Money]', ''The Banking Law Journal'', May 1913, pp.&nbsp;377–408
* {{cite journal | first = Alfred | last = Mitchell-Innes | author-mask = — | url = http://www.newmoneyhub.com/www/money/mitchell-innes/what-is-money.html | title = What is Money? | journal = The Banking Law Journal | date = May 1913 | pages = 377–408 | oclc = 81811554 }}
* '[http://www.newmoneyhub.com/www/money/mitchell-innes/the-credit-theory-of-money.html The Credit Theory of Money]', ''The Banking Law Journal'', Vol. 31 (1914), Dec./Jan., pp.&nbsp;151–168.
* {{cite journal | first = Alfred | last = Mitchell-Innes | author-mask = — | url = http://www.newmoneyhub.com/www/money/mitchell-innes/the-credit-theory-of-money.html | title = The Credit Theory of Money | journal = The Banking Law Journal | volume = 31 | date = Jan-Dec 1914 | pages = 151–168 }}
* ''Martyrdom in our Times: Two essays on prisons and punishments'', Williams & Norgate: London, 1932.
* {{ cite book | first = Alfred | last = Mitchell-Innes | author-mask = — | title = Martyrdom in our Times: Two essays on prisons and punishments | publisher = Williams & Norgate | location = London | date = 1932 }}
* {{ cite book | first = Alfred | last = Mitchell-Innes | author-mask = — | title = Credit and State Theories of Money: The Contributions of A. Mitchell Innes | date = 2004-03-25 | isbn = 9781843765134 | editor-first = L. Randall | editor-last = Wray | publisher = Edward Elgar | location = Cheltenham, UK}}


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==References==
==References==
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* ''Kelly's Handbook to the Titled, Landed, and Official Classes'', 69th edition, London, 1943.
* ''Kelly's Handbook to the Titled, Landed, and Official Classes'', 69th edition, London, 1943.
* Black, Adam & Charles, ''Who's Who'', London, 1945, p.&nbsp;1910.
* Black, Adam & Charles, ''Who's Who'', London, 1945, p.&nbsp;1910.
* *{{cite book |editor=[[L. Randall Wray]] |title=Credit and State Theories of Money: The Contributions of A. Mitchell Innes |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |location= |year=2004 |pages= |isbn=1-84376-513-6 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}
* *{{cite book |editor=L. Randall Wray |editor-link=L. Randall Wray |title=Credit and State Theories of Money: The Contributions of A. Mitchell Innes |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |year=2004 |isbn=1-84376-513-6 }}
* Kampa, Alex, ''Money, Credit Conversion and the legacy of Mitchell-Innes'', Godel Press, 2016
* Kampa, Alex, ''Money, Credit Conversion and the legacy of Mitchell-Innes'', Godel Press, 2016


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[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:British diplomats]]
[[Category:British diplomats]]
[[Category:Mitchell-Innes family|Alfred]]
[[Category:People from Berwickshire]]
[[Category:People from Berwickshire]]
[[Category:Scottish economics writers]]
[[Category:Scottish economists]]

Latest revision as of 17:21, 17 March 2024

Alfred Mitchell-Innes
1st President of Al Ahly SC
In office
24 April 1907 – 2 April 1908
Succeeded byAziz Ezzat Pasha
Personal details
Born30 June 1864
Edinburgh
Died13 February 1950(1950-02-13) (aged 85)
Bedford, Bedfordshire

Alfred Mitchell-Innes (30 June 1864 – 13 February 1950) was a British diplomat, economist and author. He had the Grand Cross of the Order of Medjidieh conferred upon him by Abbas II, Khedive of Egypt. He served as the first president of the Egyptian and the Africa's most crowned club Al Ahly SC, from 1907 to 1908.

Early and personal life

[edit]
Former residence of Alfred Mitchell-Innes in Washington, D.C.

The youngest child of Alexander Mitchell-Innes (1811–1886) of Ayton, and Whitehall (near Chirnside), Berwickshire, by his second spouse Fanny Augusta (1821–1902), daughter of James Vine, in Puckaster, Isle of Wight, Alfred was born at 2 Forres Street, Edinburgh. He married (her second marriage) in 1919, Eveline (d. 28 December 1946), daughter of Sir William Miller, 1st Baronet of Manderston, Berwickshire. In 1934, Mitchell-Innes and his wife contributed 25 Egyptian and oriental antiquities he had acquired from Egypt to the British Museum.[1]

Career

[edit]

Educated privately, he entered the British Diplomatic Service in 1890 and was appointed to Cairo the next year. In 1896 he became financial advisor to Chulalongkorn the Great (Rama V), King of Siam. In 1899, he was appointed Under-Secretary of State for Finance in Egypt, where he founded Al Ahly SC on 24 April 1907.[2]

He later worked as a Counselor at the British Embassy in Washington, D.C. from 1908 to 1913. He was Minister to Uruguay from 1913 to 1919, after which he retired.

While in Washington, he wrote two articles on money and credit for The Banking Law Journal. The first, 'What is Money?', received an approving review from John Maynard Keynes,[3] which led to the publication of the second, 'Credit theory of money'.[4] Long forgotten and rediscovered decades later, the articles have been praised as "the best pair of articles on the nature of money written in the twentieth century".[5]

In retirement he joined Bedford Town Council, serving twice: from 1921 to 1931 and from 1934 to 1947.

Publications

[edit]
  • Mitchell-Innes, Alfred (January 1913). "Love and The Law: a study of Oriental justice". Hibbert Journal. London: George Allen & Unwin: 273–296. OCLC 79467367.
  • — (May 1913). "What is Money?". The Banking Law Journal: 377–408. OCLC 81811554.
  • — (January–December 1914). "The Credit Theory of Money". The Banking Law Journal. 31: 151–168.
  • — (1932). Martyrdom in our Times: Two essays on prisons and punishments. London: Williams & Norgate.
  • — (25 March 2004). Wray, L. Randall (ed.). Credit and State Theories of Money: The Contributions of A. Mitchell Innes. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. ISBN 9781843765134.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "A Mitchell-Innes". The British Museum.
  2. ^ "أول مجلس في تاريخ الأهلي". alahlyegypt.com. Archived from the original on 2 July 2020.
  3. ^ Keynes, John Maynard (September 1914). "What is money?". Economic Journal. 24 (95): 419–421. JSTOR 2222005.
  4. ^ David Graeber: Debt: The First 5,000 Years, Publisher: Melville House; Reprint edition (November 27, 2012, ISBN 1612191290
  5. ^ L. Randall Wray, Credit and state theories of money: the contributions of A. Mitchell Innes, p.223

References

[edit]
  • Ruvigny and Raineval, The Marquis of, The Blood Royal of Britain - Tudor Roll, London, 1903, p. 550.
  • Kelly's Handbook to the Titled, Landed, and Official Classes, 69th edition, London, 1943.
  • Black, Adam & Charles, Who's Who, London, 1945, p. 1910.
  • *L. Randall Wray, ed. (2004). Credit and State Theories of Money: The Contributions of A. Mitchell Innes. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 1-84376-513-6.
  • Kampa, Alex, Money, Credit Conversion and the legacy of Mitchell-Innes, Godel Press, 2016
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