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== Participating parties ==
== Participating parties ==
{{See also|List of political parties in the Philippines}}
In both chambers of Congress, members are organized into "blocs", akin to [[Parliamentary group|parliamentary groups]] elsewhere. In keeping with the traditions of the Third Philippine Republic which was under a [[two-party system]], there are two main blocs, the majority and minority blocs; this is although the country is now in a [[multi-party system]]. Those who voted for the winning speaker are from the majority bloc, while those who did not (if there are more than two candidates for the speakership) will vote amongst themselves on who will be the minority bloc. Those who belong to neither bloc shall be the independent minority bloc. Members can also be from the independent bloc. Each bloc can have members from multiple parties. Only the majority and minority blocs have voting privileges in committees.
In both chambers of Congress, members are organized into "blocs", akin to [[Parliamentary group|parliamentary groups]] elsewhere. In keeping with the traditions of the Third Philippine Republic which was under a [[two-party system]], there are two main blocs, the majority and minority blocs; this is although the country is now in a [[multi-party system]]. Those who voted for the winning speaker are from the majority bloc, while those who did not (if there are more than two candidates for the speakership) will vote amongst themselves on who will be the minority bloc. Those who belong to neither bloc shall be the independent minority bloc. Members can also be from the independent bloc. Each bloc can have members from multiple parties. Only the majority and minority blocs have voting privileges in committees.


In the [[19th Congress of the Philippines|19th Congress]], the majority bloc is aligned with the [[Presidency of Bongbong Marcos|administration]] of President Marcos.<ref name=":1" />
In the [[19th Congress of the Philippines|19th Congress]], the majority bloc is aligned with the [[Presidency of Bongbong Marcos|administration]] of President Marcos.<ref name=":1" />

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Parties in the House of Representatives at the end of the [[19th Congress of the Philippines]]
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |[[2022 Philippine House of Representatives elections|2022 results]]
! colspan="2" |Seats before the election
! colspan="3" |Bloc membership
! colspan="4" |Political affiliation
|-
!Votes
!Seat(s) won
!Seats
!Change
!Majority
!Minority
!Other
! colspan="2" |[[2022 Philippine Senate election|2022]]
! colspan="2" |2025
|-
| {{party name with colour|Lakas–CMD}}
|{{percentage bar|9.39|c={{party color|Lakas-CMD}}}}
|{{Composition bar|26|316|{{party color|Lakas-CMD}}|background-color=}}
|{{Composition bar|92|316|{{party color|Lakas-CMD}}|background-color=}}
|{{Increase}} 66
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{party name with colour|National Unity Party (Philippines)}}
|{{percentage bar|12.63|c={{party color|National Unity Party (Philippines)}}}}
|{{Composition bar|33|316|{{party color|National Unity Party (Philippines)}}|background-color=}}
|{{Composition bar|36|316|{{party color|National Unity Party (Philippines)}}|background-color=}}
|{{Increase}} 3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{party name with colour|Nacionalista Party}}
|{{percentage bar|13.72|c={{party color|Nacionalista Party}}}}
|{{Composition bar|36|316|{{party color|Nacionalista Party}}|background-color=}}
|{{Composition bar|32|316|{{party color|Nacionalista Party}}|background-color=}}
|{{Decrease}} 4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{party name with colour|Nationalist People's Coalition}}
|{{percentage bar|11.70|c={{party color|Nationalist People's Coalition}}}}
|{{Composition bar|35|316|{{party color|Nationalist People's Coalition}}|background-color=}}
|{{Composition bar|33|316|{{party color|Nationalist People's Coalition}}|background-color=}}
|{{Decrease}} 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{party name with colour|Partido Federal ng Pilipinas}}
|{{percentage bar|0.95|c={{party color|Partido Federal ng Pilipinas}}}}
|{{Composition bar|2|316|{{party color|Partido Federal ng Pilipinas}}|background-color=}}
|{{Composition bar|10|316|{{party color|Partido Federal ng Pilipinas}}|background-color=}}
|{{Increase}} 8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{party name with colour|Liberal Party (Philippines)}}
|{{percentage bar|3.78|c={{party color|Liberal Party (Philippines)}}}}
|{{Composition bar|10|316|{{party color|Liberal Party (Philippines)}}|background-color=}}
|{{Composition bar|10|316|{{party color|Liberal Party (Philippines)}}|background-color=}}
|{{Steady}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="2" |Others
|{{percentage bar|32.08|c={{party color|Independent politician}}}}
|{{Composition bar|76|316|{{party color|Independent politician}}|background-color=}}
|{{Composition bar|40|316|{{party color|Independent politician}}|background-color=}}
|{{Decrease}} 36
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| colspan=2 align="left" | Local parties
|{{percentage bar|11.31|c=purple}}
|{{Composition bar|29|316|purple|background-color=}}
|{{Composition bar|8|316|purple|background-color=}}
|{{Decrease}} 21
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="2" align="left" | Independents
|{{percentage bar|4.44|c={{party color|Independent politician}}}}
|{{Composition bar|6|316|{{party color|Independent politician}}|background-color=}}
|{{Composition bar|1|316|#fffffff|border=|background-color=}}
|{{Decrease}} 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="2" align="left" | Vacant
| colspan="2" |
|{{Composition bar|5|316|#000000|background-color=}}
|{{Increase}} 5| colspan="7" {{n/a}}
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!100%
!253 / 316
!253 / 316
! colspan="8" |
|}


== Retiring and term-limited incumbents ==
== Retiring and term-limited incumbents ==

Revision as of 19:14, 3 July 2024

For related races, see 2025 Philippine general election.
2025 Philippine House of Representatives elections
Philippines
← 2022 May 12, 2025 (2025-05-12) 2028 →
All 317 seats to the House of Representatives of the Philippines, including 63 party-list seats
159 seats needed for a majority
Congressional district elections
Party Current seats
Lakas

92
NUP

36
Nacionalista

32
NPC

33
PFP

10
Liberal

10[a]
Others

40
Party-lists

61[b]
Party-list elections
Party Current seats
ACT-CIS

3
1-Rider

2
Tingog

2
4Ps

2
Ako Bikol

2
SAGIP

2
Others

48
Incumbent Speaker
Martin Romualdez
Lakas

The 2025 Philippine House of Representatives elections will be the 37th lower house elections in the Philippines, scheduled to be held on May 12, 2025, within the 2025 Philippine general election. All 317 seats in the House of Representatives will be contested in the election, including one seat for each of the 253 congressional districts in the country and 63 seats representing party-lists apportioned on a nationwide vote.

Background

See also: 2022 Philippine House of Representatives elections and 19th Congress of the Philippines

In the 2022 election, parties aligned with the UniTeam Alliance and eventual president Bongbong Marcos secured a supermajority of seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines.[1] Political observers noted that among those elected to the chamber, most came from "wealthy and influential families", which was associated with the vote-buying incidents observed in the election.[2]

Upon the opening of the 19th Congress of the Philippines, Representative Martin Romualdez of Leyte's 1st district, a cousin of President Marcos, was elected as the speaker of the House of Representatives unopposed.[3][4] Media outlets have noted that a number of positions in the house leadership were assigned to representatives related to the Marcos family, including senior deputy majority leader Sandro Marcos, the son of President Marcos, and chair of the accounts committee Yedda Marie Romualdez, the wife of Speaker Romualdez.[5][6]

Electoral system

Main article: House of Representatives of the Philippines § Electoral system

The Philippines uses parallel voting for its lower house elections. For this election, there are 317 seats in the House of Representatives; 254 of these are district representatives, and 63 are party-list representatives.[7]

Philippine law mandates that there should be one party-list representative for every four district representatives. District representatives are elected under the first-past-the-post system from single-member districts. Party-list representatives are elected via the nationwide vote with a 2% election threshold, with a party winning not more than three seats.[8] The party with the most votes usually wins three seats, then the other parties with more than 2% of the vote two seats. At this point, if all of the party-list seats are not filled up, the parties with less than 2% of the vote will win one seat each until all party-list seats are filled up.[9] The electoral system, with the 2% threshold and the three-seat cap, encourage vote splitting; and encourage sectors to up separate party-lists for every sector so as not to waste their vote on just one party.[10]

Political parties competing in the party-list election are barred from participating district elections, and vice versa, unless permitted by the Commission on Elections. Party-lists and political parties participating in the district elections may forge coalition deals with one another.

Redistricting

In the Philippines, Congress has the power to create new congressional districts. Congress can either redistrict the entire country within three years after each Philippine census, or create new districts from existing ones piecemeal, although Congress has never redistricted the entire country wholesale since the approval of the 1987 constitution. Congress usually creates a new district once a place reaches the minimum 250,000 population mandated by the constitution.[11]

New districts can also be created by creating new provinces and cities; in this case, it also must be approved by the people in a plebiscite in the affected places.

Changes from the 19th Congress

On June 21, 2024, the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) confirmed that there will be 254 congressional districts to be contested in the election and 63 seats apportioned among the party-lists.[16]

Category Total
Congressional districts in the current Congress 253
New districts from redistricting laws from current Congress 1
Congressional districts in the next Congress 254
Party-list seats for the next Congress 63
Total seats for the next Congress 317

Participating parties

See also: List of political parties in the Philippines

In both chambers of Congress, members are organized into "blocs", akin to parliamentary groups elsewhere. In keeping with the traditions of the Third Philippine Republic which was under a two-party system, there are two main blocs, the majority and minority blocs; this is although the country is now in a multi-party system. Those who voted for the winning speaker are from the majority bloc, while those who did not (if there are more than two candidates for the speakership) will vote amongst themselves on who will be the minority bloc. Those who belong to neither bloc shall be the independent minority bloc. Members can also be from the independent bloc. Each bloc can have members from multiple parties. Only the majority and minority blocs have voting privileges in committees.

In the 19th Congress, the majority bloc is aligned with the administration of President Marcos.[1]

Parties in the House of Representatives at the end of the 19th Congress of the Philippines
Party 2022 results Seats before the election Bloc membership Political affiliation
Votes Seat(s) won Seats Change Majority Minority Other 2022 2025
Lakas
9.39%
26 / 316
92 / 316
 Increase 66
NUP
12.63%
33 / 316
36 / 316
 Increase 3
Nacionalista
13.72%
36 / 316
32 / 316
 Decrease 4
NPC
11.70%
35 / 316
33 / 316
 Decrease 2
PFP
0.95%
2 / 316
10 / 316
 Increase 8
Liberal
3.78%
10 / 316
10 / 316
 Steady
Others
32.08%
76 / 316
40 / 316
 Decrease 36
Local parties
11.31%
29 / 316
8 / 316
 Decrease 21
Independents
4.44%
6 / 316
1 / 316
 Decrease 2
Vacant
5 / 316
 Increase 5| colspan="7" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, #2C2C2C); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | —
Total 100% 253 / 316 253 / 316

Retiring and term-limited incumbents

See also: Retiring and term-limited incumbents in the 2025 Philippine House of Representatives elections

Term-limited

48 representatives have been elected three consecutive times in regular elections and are barred from seeking another term in 2025.

Party Member District
1-Pacman Mikee Romero Party-list
Abono Robert Raymond Estrella Party-list
ACT Teachers France Castro Party-list
ALONA Anna Villaraza-Suarez Party-list
Bagong Henerasyon Bernadette Herrera Party-list
Gabriela Arlene Brosas Party-list
Kusug Tausug Shernee Tan Tambut Party-list
Lakas Joey Salceda Albay–2nd
Lakas Geraldine Roman Bataan–1st
Lakas Marlyn Alonte-Naguiat Biñan at-large
Lakas Mohamad Khalid Dimaporo Lanao del Norte–1st
Lakas Carmelo Lazatin II Pampanga–1st
Lakas Aurelio Gonzales Jr. Pampanga–1st
Lakas Christopher de Venecia Pangasinan–4th
Lakas Francisco Jose Matugas II Surigao del Norte–1st
Lakas Manuel Jose Dalipe Zamboanga City–2nd
Lakas Glona Labadlabad Zamboanga del Norte–2nd
Lakas Divina Grace Yu Zamboanga del Sur–1st
Liberal Edcel Lagman Albay–1st
Liberal Gabriel Bordado Camarines Sur–3rd
Liberal Emmanuel Billones Capiz–1st
Liberal Jocelyn Sy-Limkaichong Negros Oriental–1st
Manila Teachers Virgilio Lacson Party-list
Nacionalista Marquez Go Baguio at-large
Nacionalista Lianda Bolilia Batangas–4th
Nacionalista Mario Vittorio Mariño Batangas–5th
Nacionalista Raul Tupas Iloilo–5th
Nacionalista Allen Jesse Mangaoang Kalinga at-large
Nacionalista Ace Barbers Surigao del Norte–2nd
NPC Carlito Marquez Aklan–1st
NPC Greg Gasataya Bacolod at-large
NPC Maria Theresa Collantes Batangas–3rd
NPC Peter John Calderon Cebu–7th
NPC Luis Campos Jr. Makati–2nd
NPC Edward Maceda Manila–4th
NPC Lord Allan Velasco Marinduque at-large
NPC Chiquiting Sagarbarria Negros Oriental–2nd
NPC Michael John Duavit Rizal–1st
NUP Lorna Silverio Bulacan–3rd
NUP Luis Raymund Villafuerte Camarines Sur–2nd
NUP Juliet Ferrer Negros Occidental–4th district
NUP Horacio Suansing Jr. Sultan Kudarat–2nd
NUP Johnny Pimentel Surigao del Sur at-large
PFP Rosanna Vergara Nueva Ecija–3rd
PFP Florida Robes San Jose del Monte at-large
PDP Ruwel Peter Gonzaga Davao de Oro–2nd
PDP Eric Martinez Valenzuela–2nd
Reporma Pantaleon Alvarez Davao del Norte–1st

Notes

  1. ^ 8 are members of the majority bloc, while 2 are members of the minority bloc.
  2. ^ 58 are affiliated with the Party-list Coalition; 42 are members of the majority bloc and 16 are members of the minority bloc. 3 are affiliated with Makabayan; all are members of the minority bloc.

References

  1. ^ a b Gomez, Jim (May 13, 2022). "Allies of Marcos Jr. set to dominate Philippine Congress". AP News. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  2. ^ Palatino, Mong (May 23, 2022). "Political Dynasties Dominate Philippines Election — Again". The Diplomat. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  3. ^ Gregorio, Xave. "Marcos cousin Martin Romualdez is new House speaker". Philstar.com. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  4. ^ Cupin, Bea (August 4, 2022). "Who's who: House leaders of the 19th Congress – and their roles". RAPPLER. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  5. ^ Cepeda, Mara (July 29, 2022). "Marcos tightens grip on Congress with 'supermajority' blocs in Senate and House". RAPPLER. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  6. ^ Porcalla, Delon. "Marcos son elected senior deputy majority leader". Philstar.com. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  7. ^ Villanueva, Rhodina. "18,271 posts up for grabs in 2025 polls". Philstar.com. Archived from the original on June 26, 2024. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
  8. ^ "IPU PARLINE database: PHILIPPINES (Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan), Electoral system". archive.ipu.org. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  9. ^ Delizo, Michael Joe (May 21, 2019). "EXPLAINER: The math behind the party-list system". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on May 21, 2019. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  10. ^ "The party-list system in the Philippines: Is it better or worse for democracy?". Asia Dialogue. July 4, 2019. Retrieved September 22, 2021.
  11. ^ Tiongson-Mayrina, Karen; Barrientos-Vallarta, Brenda. "Is 'piecemeal' redistricting a questionable process?". GMA News Online. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  12. ^ a b Jaymalin, Mayen; Ramirez, Robertzon (September 19, 2022). "Maguindanao now split into 2 provinces". Philstar.com. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  13. ^ "House Members". House of Representatives of the Philippines. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  14. ^ "House Members". House of Representatives of the Philippines. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  15. ^ Cabato, Luisa (June 25, 2024). "Comelec: Embo barangay residents can vote in 2025 polls". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  16. ^ Villanueva, Rhodina. "18,271 posts up for grabs in 2025 polls". Philstar.com. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
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