View source for 1931 in paleontology

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1931|paleontology|science}}
{{Year in paleontology header|1931}}

==Plants==
===Angiosperms===
====Monocots====
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="80%"
|- 
! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Synonymized taxa
! Notes
! Images
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''[[Lysichiton washingtonense]]''<ref name="Berry1931">{{cite report |last1=Berry |first1=E.W. |year=1932 |chapter=A Miocene flora from Grand Coulee, Washington |title=Shorter contributions to general geology, 1931|series= Professional Paper |publisher=United States Geological Survey |doi=10.3133/pp170C |doi-access=free |id=170-C |pages=31–42}}</ref>
|
Sp nov
|
Valid?
|
[[Edward W. Berry|Berry]]
|
[[Miocene]]<br/>[[Langhian]]
|
[[Latah Formation]]<br/>Grand Coulee Florule
|
{{Flag|USA}}<br/>{{Flag|Washington}}
|
|
First described as a [[Lysichiton|skunk cabbage]] fruit species<br/>Treated as placement ''incertae sedis'' by Chaney & Axelrod ([[1959 in paleontology|1959]])<ref name="Columbia1959">{{cite book |last1=Chaney |first1=R. |last2=Axelrod |first2=D. |year=1959 |title=Miocene Floras of the Columbia Plateau: Part II. Systematic Considerations, by Ralph W. Chaney and Daniel I. Axelrod |publisher= Carnegie Institution of Washington |pages=1–226}}{{HathiTrust Catalog|uc1.c099384505|Miocene Floras of the Columbia Plateau}}</ref>
|
[[File:Lysichiton washingtonense USNM P38621 Plate11 Fig2.jpg|thumb|center|upright|''[[Lysichiton washingtonense]]'']]
|-
|}

====Superasterids - basal====
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
|- 
! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Synonymized taxa
! Notes
! Images
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''[[Nyssa hesperia]]''<ref name="Berry1931"/>
|
Sp nov
|
valid
|
[[Edward W. Berry|Berry]]
|
[[Miocene]]<br/>[[Langhian]]
|
[[Latah Formation]]<br/>Grand Coulee Florule
|
{{Flag|USA}}<br/>{{Flag|Washington}}
|
|
A [[Tupelo (tree)|tuplo]] seed species.<ref name="Eyde1997">{{cite journal |last1=Eyde |first1=R.H. |year=1997 |title=Fossil record and ecology of Nyssa (Cornaceae) |journal=The Botanical Review |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=97–123 |doi=10.1007/BF02935928|bibcode=1997BotRv..63...97E }}</ref>
|
|-
|}

====Superrosids - Basal====
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
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! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Synonymized taxa
! Notes
! Images
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''[[Vitis bonseri]]''<ref name="Berry1931"/>
|
Sp nov
|
valid
|
[[Edward W. Berry|Berry]]
|
[[Miocene]]<br/>[[Langhian]]
|
[[Latah Formation]]<br/>Grand Coulee Florule
|
{{Flag|USA}}<br/>{{Flag|Washington}}
|
|
A [[Vitis|grape]] seed species.
|
|-
|}

====Superrosids - Fabids====
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
|- 
! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Synonymized taxa
! Notes
! Images
|-
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''[[Hicoria washingtoniana]]''<ref name="Berry1931"/>
|
Sp nov
|
jr synonym
|
[[Edward W. Berry|Berry]]
|
[[Miocene]]<br/>[[Langhian]]
|
[[Latah Formation]]<br/>Grand Coulee Florule
|
{{Flag|USA}}<br/>{{Flag|Washington}}
|
|
First described as a [[Carya|hickory]] species.<br/> Synonymized into ''[[Magnolia dayana]]''
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[[File:Magnolia dayana as Hicoria washingtoniana USNM specimen Plate11 Fig4.jpg|thumb|center|upright|''[[Magnolia dayana]]'']]
|-
|
''[[Quercus mccanni]]''<ref name="Berry1931"/>
|
Sp nov
|
valid
|
[[Edward W. Berry|Berry]]
|
[[Miocene]]<br/>[[Langhian]]
|
[[Latah Formation]]<br/>Grand Coulee Florule
|
{{Flag|USA}}<br/>{{Flag|Washington}}
|
|
An [[Quercus|oak]] species.
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[[File:Quercus mccanni USNM specimen Plate11 Fig6.jpg|thumb|center|upright|''[[Quercus mccanni]]'']]
|-
|}

====Superrosids - Malvids====
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
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! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Synonymized taxa
! Notes
! Images
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''[[Ptelea miocenica]]''<ref name="Berry1931"/>
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Sp nov
|
valid
|
[[Edward W. Berry|Berry]]
|
[[Miocene]]<br/>[[Langhian]]
|
[[Latah Formation]]<br/>Grand Coulee Florule
|
{{Flag|USA}}<br/>{{Flag|Washington}}
|
|
An [[Ptelea|hoptree]] species.
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[[File:Ptelea miocenica USNM specimen Plate12 Fig7.jpg|thumb|center|upright|''[[Ptelea miocenica]]'']]
|-
|}

====''Incertae sedis''====
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
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! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Synonymized taxa
! Notes
! Images
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''[[Phyllites couleeannus]]''<ref name="Berry1931"/>
|
Sp nov
|
jr synonym
|
[[Edward W. Berry|Berry]]
|
[[Miocene]]<br/>[[Langhian]]
|
[[Latah Formation]]<br/>Grand Coulee Florule
|
{{Flag|USA}}<br/>{{Flag|Washington}}
|
|
First described as a leaf morphospecies of uncertain affinity.<br/>Moved to ''[[Amelanchier couleeana]]'' ([[1946 in paleontology|1946]])<ref name="Brown1946">{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=R.W. |year=1946 |title=Alterations in some fossil and living floras |journal=Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences |volume=36 |issue=10 |pages=344–355}}</ref>
|
[[File:Amelanchier couleeana as Phyllites couleeanus USNM specimen Plate13 Fig12.jpg|thumb|center|upright|''[[Amelanchier couleeana]]'']]
|-
|}

== Arthropods ==
=== Insects ===
====Blattoidea====
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
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! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Notes
! Images
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''[[Stylotermes washingtonensis]]''<ref name="Snyder1931">{{cite journal |last1=Carpenter |first1=F. M. |last2=Cockerell |first2=T. D. A. |last3=Kennedy |first3=C. H. |last4=Snyder |first4=T. E. |last5=Wickham |first5=H. F. |year=1931 |title=Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington IV. Isoptera |journal=Annals of the Entomological Society of America |volume=24 |issue=2 |page=317}}</ref>
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sp. nov
|
Jr synonym
|
Snyder
|
[[Miocene]]<br/>[[Langhian]]
| 
[[Latah Formation]]<br/>Spokane Florule
|
{{Flag|USA}}<br/>{{Flag|Washington}}
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A [[Stylotermitidae|Stylotermitid]] termite.<br> Moved to ''[[Parastylotermes washingtonensis]]'' ([[1949 in paleontology|1949]])<ref name="Emerson1971">{{Cite journal |last1=Emerson |first1=A.E. |year=1971 |title=Tertiary fossil species of the Rhinotermitidae (Isoptera), phylogeny of genera, and reciprocal phylogeny of associated Flagellata (Protozoa) and the Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) |journal= Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=146 |issue=3 |pages =243–304 |hdl=2246/1093 |url= http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/1093}}</ref>
|
|-
|}

====Coleoptera====
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
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! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Notes
! Images
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''[[Pterostichus fernquisti]]''<ref name="Wickham1931">{{cite journal |last1=Carpenter |first1=F. M. |last2=Cockerell |first2=T. D. A. |last3=Kennedy |first3=C. H. |last4=Snyder |first4=T. E. |last5=Wickham |first5=H. F. |year=1931 |title=Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington V. Coleoptera |journal=Annals of the Entomological Society of America |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=317–318}}</ref>
|
sp. nov
|
|
Wickham
|
[[Miocene]]<br/>[[Langhian]]
| 
[[Latah Formation]]<br/>Spokane Florule
|
{{Flag|USA}}<br/>{{Flag|Washington}}
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A [[Carabidae|carabid ground beetle]]
|
|-
|
''[[Dytiscus latahensis]]''<ref name="Wickham1931"/>
|
sp. nov
|
|
Wickham
|
[[Miocene]]<br/>[[Langhian]]
| 
[[Latah Formation]]<br/>Spokane Florule
|
{{Flag|USA}}<br/>{{Flag|Washington}}
|
A predaceous [[Dytiscus|diving beetle]]
|
|-
|}

====Diptera====
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
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! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Notes
! Images
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''[[Elephantomyia baltica]]''<ref name="Kania2015">{{cite journal |last1=Kania |first1=I |year=2015 |title= Subfamily Limoniinae Speiser, 1909 (Diptera, Limoniidae) from Baltic Amber (Eocene): The Genus ''Elephantomyia'' Osten Sacken, 1860 |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=1–25 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0117434 |pmid=25706127 |pmc=4338262|bibcode=2015PLoSO..1017434K |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
Sp. nov
|
valid
|
[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]]
|
[[Middle Eocene]]
|
[[Baltic amber]]
|
{{Flag|Russia}}
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A [[Limoniidae|Limoniid]] [[cranefly]]
|
|-
|}

====Hemiptera====
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
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! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Notes
! Images
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''[[Latahcoris]]''<ref name="Cockerell1931">{{cite journal |last1=Carpenter |first1=F. M. |last2=Cockerell |first2=T. D. A. |last3=Kennedy |first3=C. H. |last4=Snyder |first4=T. E. |last5=Wickham |first5=H. F. |year=1931 |title=Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington II. Hymenoptera and Hemiptera |journal=Annals of the Entomological Society of America |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=309–312|doi=10.1093/aesa/24.2.309 }}</ref>
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Gen et sp. nov
|
|
[[T.D.A. Cockerell|Cockerell]]
|
[[Miocene]]<br/>[[Langhian]]
| 
[[Latah Formation]]<br/>Spokane Florule
|
{{Flag|USA}}<br/>{{Flag|Washington}}
|
A [[Tessaratomidae|tessaratomid giant stink bug]]<br/>The type species is ''L. spectatus''
|
|-
|}

====Hymenoptera====
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
|- 
! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
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''[[Bombus proavus]]''<ref name="Cockerell1931"/>
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Sp. nov
|
|
[[T.D.A. Cockerell|Cockerell]]
|
[[Miocene]]<br/>[[Langhian]]
| 
[[Latah Formation]]<br/>Spokane Florule
|
{{Flag|USA}}<br/>{{Flag|Washington}}
|
A [[Bombus|bumble bee]]
|
|-
|}

====Hemiptera====
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
|- 
! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
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''[[Miocordulia]]''<ref name="Kennedy1931">{{cite journal |last1=Carpenter |first1=F. M. |last2=Cockerell |first2=T. D. A. |last3=Kennedy |first3=C. H. |last4=Snyder |first4=T. E. |last5=Wickham |first5=H. F. |year=1931 |title=Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington II. Hymenoptera and Hemiptera |journal=Annals of the Entomological Society of America |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=313–316}}</ref>
|
Gen et sp. nov
|
|
Kennedy
|
[[Miocene]]<br/>[[Langhian]]
| 
[[Latah Formation]]<br/>Spokane Florule
|
{{Flag|USA}}<br/>{{Flag|Washington}}
|
A [[Corduliidae|corduliid dragonfly]]<br/>The type species is ''M. latipennis''
|
|-
|}

====Hemiptera====
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
|- 
! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Notes
! Images
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''[[Miopsyche]]''<ref name="Carpenter1931">{{cite journal |last1=Carpenter |first1=F. M. |last2=Cockerell |first2=T. D. A. |last3=Kennedy |first3=C. H. |last4=Snyder |first4=T. E. |last5=Wickham |first5=H. F. |year=1931 |title=Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington II. Hymenoptera and Hemiptera |journal=Annals of the Entomological Society of America |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=319–322|doi=10.1093/aesa/24.2.319 }}</ref>
|
Gen et 2 sp. nov
|
|
[[Frank M. Carpenter|Carpenter]]
|
[[Miocene]]<br/>[[Langhian]]
| 
[[Latah Formation]]<br/>Spokane Florule
|
{{Flag|USA}}<br/>{{Flag|Washington}}
|
A [[Limnephilidae|northern caddisfly]] genus<br/>The type species is ''M. alexanderi''<br/>Also includes ''M. martynovi''
|
|-
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''[[Phryganea spokanensis]]''<ref name="Carpenter1931"/>
|
Sp. nov
|
|
[[Frank M. Carpenter|Carpenter]]
|
[[Miocene]]<br/>[[Langhian]]
| 
[[Latah Formation]]<br/>Spokane Florule
|
{{Flag|USA}}<br/>{{Flag|Washington}}
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A [[Phryganeidae|giant caddisfly]] species
|
|-
|}

== Vertebrates ==

=== Conodonts ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
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! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Synonymized taxa
! Notes
! Images
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''[[Idiognathodus]]''<ref name="Gunnell1931">{{cite journal |last1=Gunnell |first1=F. |year=1931 |title=Conodonts from the Fort Scott Limestone of Missouri |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=244–252 |jstor=1297961}}</ref>
|
Gen et sp nov
|
valid
|
[[Frank H. Gunnell|Gunnell]]
|
[[Gzhelian]]
|
[[Fort Scott Limestone]]
|
{{Flag|USA}}<br/>{{flag|Missouri}}
|
|
The type species is ''I. simulator''
|
|-
|}

=== Jawless fish ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
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! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Synonymized taxa
! Notes
! Images
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''[[Cardipeltis]]''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Branson |first1=E.B. |last2=Mehl |first2=M.G. |year=1931 |title=Fishes of the Jefferson Formation of Utah |journal=The Journal of Geology |volume=39 |issue=6 |pages=509–531 |doi=10.1086/623876 |jstor=30080820|bibcode=1931JG.....39..509B }}</ref>
|
Gen est sp nov
|
Valid
|
[[Edward Branson|Branson]] & [[Maurice Mehl|Mehl]]
|
[[Devonian]]
|
[[Jefferson Formation]]
|
{{flag|USA}}<br/>{{flag|Utah}}
|
|
A heterostracan agnathan<br/>The type species is ''C. wallacii''.
|
[[File:Cardipeltis wallacii.jpg|thumb|center|upright|''[[Cardipeltis wallacii]]'']]
|-
|}

=== Newly named archosauromorphs ===

==== Dinosaurs ====
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.<ref name="ddinogeorge">{{cite web | last = Olshevsky | first = George | title = Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List | url = http://www.polychora.com/dinolist.html | accessdate = 2008-08-07 | archive-date = 2011-07-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110715102453/http://www.polychora.com/dinolist.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
|- 
! Name
! Novelty
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Unit
! Location
! Synonymized taxa
! Notes
! Images
|-
| 
''[[Brasileosaurus]]''<ref>Huene, F. 1931. Die fossilien Faehrten in Rhaet von Ischigualasto in Nordwest Argentinien. Paleob. 4 (2) Viena.</ref> 
|
Gen et sp nov
| 
vald?
| 
[[Friedrich von Huene|von Huene]]
|
[[Cretaceous]]<br/>[[Turonian]]
|
[[Adamantina Formation]]
|
{{Flag|Brazil}}
|
|
First named as a [[coelurosaur]]<br/>Deemed to be a [[notosuchidae|notosuchid]] [[Crocodylomorpha|crocodylomorph]] ([[1937 in paleontology|1937]])<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Simpson |year=1937 |title=An ancient eusuchian crocodile from Patagonia |journal=American Museum Novitates |issue=965 |pages=1–20}}</ref>
|
|-
|
''[[Carcharodontosaurus]]''<ref>Stromer, E. 1931. Vertebrate animal remainders of the Baharije stage (lowest Cenoman). 10. A skeleton remainder of ''Carcharodontosaurus'' Nov. towards. Abh. Bavarian Akad. Wissensch. Math. natutwiss. Abbott. 9: pp. 1 23.</ref>
|
Gen et comb nov
|
Valid
| 
[[Ernst Stromer|Stromer]]
|
Cretaceous<br/>[[Cenomanian]]
|
[[Bahariya Formation]]
|
{{Flag|Egypt}}
|
*''[[Megalosaurus saharicus]]'' ([[1925 in paleontology|1925]])
*''[[Dryptosaurus saharicus]]'' ([[1925 in paleontology|1925]])
|
A [[carcharodontosaurid]]
|
[[File:Carcharodontosaurus saharicus skeletal.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Carcharodontosaurus saharicus]]'']]
|-
|
''[[Embasaurus]]''<ref>Riabinin, A.N. 1931. Two dinosaurian vertebrae from the Lower Cretaceous of Transcaspian Steppes. Zapiski Russkogo Min. Obshchestva (ser. 2) 60: pp. 110-113.</ref>
|
Gen et sp nov
|
valid?
|
[[Anatoly Riabinin|Riabinin]]
|
Cretaceous<br/>[[Berriasian]]
|
[[Neocomian Sands (Kazakhstan)|Neocomian sands]]
|
{{Flag|Kazakhstan}}
|
|
A [[theropod]] of uncertain placement.<br/>The type species is ''E. minax''
|
|-
|
''[[Orthogoniosaurus]]''<ref>Dasgupta, H.C. 1931. On a new theropod dinosaur (''Orthogoniosaurus matleyi'', n. gen. et. n. sp.) from the Lameta beds of Jubbulpore. J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal. 26: pp. 367-369.</ref>
|
Gen et sp nov
|
''[[Nomen dubium]]''?
|
Das-Gupta
|
Late Cretaceous
|
[[Lameta Formation]]
|
{{Flag|India}}
|
|
An indeterminate [[theropod]] tooth-taxon.<br/>The type species is ''O. matleyi''
|
|-
|
''[[Tetragonosaurus]]''<ref>Parks, W.A. 1931. A new genus and two new species of trachodont dinosaurs from the Belly River Formation of Alberta. Univ. Toronto Stud. (Geol. Ser.) 31: pp. 1-11.</ref>
|
Gen et comb nov
|
Rejected name
| 
[[William Parks (paleontologist)|Parks]]
|
Cretaceous<br/>[[Campanian]]
|
[[Dinosaur Park Formation]]
|
{{Flag|Canada}}
|
|
First described as a small "[[Lambeosaurinae|cheneosaurine]]" hadrosaur.<br/>The type species is ''T. praeceps''<br/> name suppressed by [[ICZN]] in favor of ''[[Procheneosaurus]]''.<br/> Species redescribed as juvenile ''[[Lambeosaurus lambei]]'' ([[1975 in paleontology|1975]])<ref name=PD75>{{cite journal |last=Dodson |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Dodson |year=1975 |title=Taxonomic implications of relative growth in lambeosaurine dinosaurs |journal=Systematic Zoology |volume=24 |pages=37–54 |doi=10.2307/2412696 |issue=1 |jstor=2412696 }}</ref>
|
[[File:Procheneosaurus.jpg|thumb|center|upright|''[[Lambeosaurus lambei]]'']]
|-
|}

=== Synapsids ===

==== Non-mammalian ====

{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
|- 
! Name
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Location
! width="33%" class="unsortable" | Notes
!Images
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''[[Cerataelurus]]''
|
Junior synonym of ''[[Pristerodon]].''
|
<!-- [[19xx in paleontology|19xx]] -->
|
|
|
|<!-- {{Flag|}} -->
<!-- [[File:Abydosaurus.jpg|thumb|150px|center|''[[Abydosaurus]]'']] -->
|-
|
''[[Ericiolacerta]]''
|
Valid
|Watson
|250 Millions of years ago.
|
* {{Flag|Antarctica}}
* {{Flag|South Africa}}
|Despite the meaning of his name, it was not related to lizards.
|[[File:Ericiolacerta BW.jpg|thumb|''[[Ericiolacerta]]'']]
|-
|
''[[Euchambersia]]''
|
Valid
|Broom
|
|
|
|
|-
|
''[[Ictidostoma]]''
|
Valid
|Broom
|261 Millions of years ago.
|
* {{Flag|South Africa}}
|
|
|-
|
''[[Ictidosuchoides]]''
|
Valid
|Broom
|257 Millions of years ago.
|
* {{Flag|South Africa}}
|
|[[File:Ictidosuchoides.jpg|thumb|''[[Ictidosuchoides]]'']]
|-
|
''[[Keratocephalus]]''
|
Valid
|Huene
|261 Millions of years ago.
|
* {{Flag|South Africa}}
|A protomammal with strange bumps on its head.
|[[File:KeratocephalusDB.jpg|thumb|''[[Keratocephalus]]'']]
|-
|
''[[Lycideops]]''
|
Valid
|Broom
|257 Millions of years ago.
|
* {{Flag|South Africa}}
|
|
|-
|
''[[Megacyclops]]''
|
Junior synonym of ''[[Neomegacyclops]]''.

{{dubious|date=November 2011}}
| 
|
|
|
|
|-
|
''[[Neomegacyclops]]''
|
Valid
|Boonstra
|
|
|
|
|-
|}

==References==
{{portal|Paleontology}}
<references/>

[[Category:1930s in paleontology]]
[[Category:1931 in science|Paleontology 1]]