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2008 United States presidential election in Virginia

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Main article: 2008 United States presidential election

The 2008 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 4, 2008, which was part of the 2008 United States presidential election. Voters chose 13 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

2008 United States presidential election in Virginia
← 2004 November 4, 2008 2012 →
Turnout74.0% Increase 3.2[1]
 
Nominee Barack Obama John McCain
Party Democratic Republican
Home state Illinois Arizona
Running mate Joe Biden Sarah Palin
Electoral vote 13 0
Popular vote 1,959,532 1,725,005
Percentage 52.63% 46.33%
President before election

George W. Bush
Republican

Elected President

Barack Obama
Democratic

Virginia was won by Democratic nominee Barack Obama by a 6.3% margin of victory. Prior to the election, 16 of 17 news organizations considered this a state Obama would win, or otherwise a likely blue state, despite the fact that Virginia had not voted for a Democratic presidential nominee since Lyndon B. Johnson's 44-state landslide in 1964. The financial meltdown, changing demographics, and population increases in voter-rich Northern Virginia helped make the state more competitive for Obama. His victory marked a powerful shift in the political climate in Virginia, as the state would go on to vote for the Democratic presidential nominee in every election thereafter.

This also marked the first presidential election since 1924 in which Virginia voted for the Democratic presidential candidate whilst neighboring West Virginia voted for the Republican candidate; in every election since, both states have voted for those respective parties. Despite Obama's victory, Virginia's margin was 0.97% more Republican than the national average, the last time Virginia voted further to the right than the nation at-large. As of the 2024 presidential election, this is the last election in which King and Queen County voted for the Democratic candidate.

Primaries

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Campaign

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Virginia was one of the first Southern states to break away from its traditional Democratic roots. It voted for Dwight Eisenhower by a convincing margin in 1952, and voted for every Republican nominee since then save for Johnson's massive landslide in 1964.

However, the Democrats had made big gains in recent years with winning two gubernatorial races in a row, regaining control of the Virginia Senate, and electing Democrat Jim Webb to the U.S. Senate over incumbent Republican George Allen in 2006. Democrats made such gains in part due to the ever-expanding Northern Virginia, particularly the suburbs surrounding Washington, D.C. Historically, this area was strongly Republican. However, in recent years it has been dominated by white liberals who tend to vote Democratic.[2] It was, ultimately, this rapid demographic change that provided a huge new influx of Democratic voters to Virginia.[3]

Both presidential campaigns and the mainstream media treated Virginia as a swing state for most of the campaign. Obama campaigned extensively in Virginia and counted on the booming northern parts of the state for a Democratic victory. Victory in the presidential election for McCain would have been extremely difficult without Virginia; he would have had to win every swing state as well as at least one Democratic-leaning state.

Predictions

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There were 16 news organizations who made state-by-state predictions of the election. Here are their last predictions before election day:

Source Ranking
D.C. Political Report[4] Lean D (flip)
Cook Political Report[5] Lean D (flip)
The Takeaway[6] Lean D (flip)
Electoral-vote.com[7] Lean D (flip)
Washington Post[8] Lean D (flip)
Politico[9] Lean D (flip)
RealClearPolitics[10] Toss-up
FiveThirtyEight[8] Lean D (flip)
CQ Politics[11] Lean D (flip)
The New York Times[12] Lean D (flip)
CNN[13] Lean D (flip)
NPR[8] Lean D (flip)
MSNBC[8] Lean D (flip)
Fox News[14] Likely D (flip)
Associated Press[15] Likely D (flip)
Rasmussen Reports[16] Lean D (flip)

Polling

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Main article: Statewide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2008: Virginia

After McCain clinched the Republican Party nomination in early March, he took a wide lead in polls against Obama, averaging almost 50%. But through the summer, polling was nearly dead even, with McCain only slightly leading Obama. After the Lehman Brothers went bankrupt, Obama took a wide lead in the polls. In October, Obama won every single poll taken but one, and reached over 50% in most of them. The final three polls averaged Obama leading 51% to 46%.[17][18]

Fundraising

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Obama raised $17,035,784. McCain raised $16,130,194.[19]

Spending and visits

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Obama spent over $26 million to McCain spending just $14 million.[20] The Obama-Biden ticket visited the state 19 times compared to just 10 times for McCain-Palin.[21]

Analysis

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Voters wait in queue at a polling station on the campus of George Mason University

On Election Day, early returns showed McCain ahead.[22] This was due in large part to the fact that many of the rural areas began to report first. However, Obama swamped McCain by scoring a near-sweep in Northern Virginia, which reported its returns last.

Obama did exceptionally well throughout the most populous regions of the state. Northern Virginia overwhelmingly supported Obama.[23] In Arlington County and the independent city of Alexandria, the most traditionally Democratic jurisdictions in the region, Obama got over 70% of the vote, improving on Kerry by between 4% and 5% in both. In Fairfax County (the largest county in the state, and a then-traditionally Republican county that Kerry had become the first Democrat in 40 years to carry in 2004) Obama exceeded 60%, improving on Kerry's percentage by just shy of 7%. Just beyond Fairfax, to its south and west, Obama flipped the large counties of Loudoun and Prince William, becoming the first Democrat to carry either since 1964. He also won the independent cities of Harrisonburg for the first time since 1940, Hopewell since 1952, Manassas Park since 1976, Staunton since 1944, and Winchester since 1964.[24]

The two other major metropolitan areas in the eastern part of the state, Richmond and Hampton Roads, are somewhat less Democratic than Northern Virginia. In both areas, Obama improved significantly on John Kerry's performance.[23] While Obama easily won Richmond itself (which is 57% African American), he also made significant inroads into Richmond's traditionally heavily Republican suburbs. He carried Henrico County with 57% of the vote; that county last supported a Democrat with Harry S. Truman in 1948.[25] In Chesterfield County, Obama did almost 20 points better than Kerry.[26] Both counties had historically been strongly Republican at the national level; Chesterfield had given George W. Bush his largest raw vote margin in Virginia in both 2000 and 2004.

Obama also did very well in Hampton Roads. The four Democratic-leaning cities along the harbor - Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, and Portsmouth - gave him margins exceeding 60%. Obama also split the Republican-leaning cities of Chesapeake and Virginia Beach; he barely won the former and barely lost the latter. Obama's strong performance in the area likely contributed to Democrat Glenn Nye unseating two-term Republican incumbent Thelma Drake in the 2nd Congressional District, a heavy military district which includes all of Virginia Beach and large portions of Norfolk and Hampton. Outside Virginia's three major metropolitan areas, Obama also significantly outperformed Kerry in Albemarle and Montgomery Counties and in a series of independent cities around the state, most significantly Roanoke. Albemarle County surrounds Charlottesville, home to the University of Virginia, and Montgomery County is home to Virginia Tech.

Elsewhere in rural Virginia, however, McCain did well.[26] In the Shenandoah Valley and Southside Virginia, both traditional bases for the Republican Party in Virginia,[27] Obama ran roughly evenly with Kerry; but in southwestern Virginia—at the time one of the more traditionally Democratic regions of the state—McCain outperformed Bush in 2004, even flipping two counties (Buchanan and Dickenson), both of which last voted Republican in 1972; Obama thus became the first Democrat to win the White House without carrying the aforementioned two counties since Woodrow Wilson in 1916. However, without the support of suburban voters in the eastern metropolitan areas of the commonwealth, McCain was ultimately unable to hold Virginia.

During the same election, former Democratic Governor Mark Warner solidly defeated former Governor (and his predecessor) Republican Jim Gilmore by a two-to-one margin for the open U.S. Senate seat vacated by incumbent Republican John Warner (no relation to Mark Warner). Warner received 65.03% of the vote while Gilmore took in 33.73%. Warner won all but five counties in the state. Democrats also picked up three seats in the U.S. House of Representatives. At the state level, Democrats picked up one seat in the Virginia House of Delegates.

Results

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United States presidential election in Virginia, 2008[28]
Party Candidate Running mate Votes Percentage Electoral votes
Democratic Barack Obama Joe Biden 1,959,532 52.63% 13
Republican John McCain Sarah Palin 1,725,005 46.33% 0
Independent Ralph Nader Matt Gonzalez 11,483 0.31% 0
Libertarian Bob Barr Wayne Allyn Root 11,067 0.30% 0
Constitution Chuck Baldwin Darrell Castle 7,474 0.20% 0
Green Cynthia McKinney Rosa Clemente 2,344 0.06% 0
Write-ins Write-ins 6,355 0.17% 0
Totals 3,723,260 100.00% 13
Voter turnout (Voting age population) 65.1%

By city/county

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County/City Barack Obama
Democratic 		John McCain
Republican 		Various candidates
Other parties 		Margin Total
# % # % # % # %
Accomack 7,607 48.69% 7,833 50.14% 183 1.17% -226 -1.45% 15,623
Albemarle 29,792 58.43% 20,576 40.36% 616 1.21% 9,216 18.07% 50,984
Alexandria 50,473 71.73% 19,181 27.26% 710 1.01% 31,292 44.47% 70,364
Alleghany 3,553 48.22% 3,715 50.41% 101 1.37% -162 -2.19% 7,369
Amelia 2,488 38.11% 3,970 60.81% 71 1.08% -1,482 -22.70% 6,529
Amherst 6,094 41.46% 8,470 57.62% 136 0.92% -2,376 -16.16% 14,700
Appomattox 2,641 34.61% 4,903 64.26% 86 1.13% -2,262 -29.65% 7,630
Arlington 78,994 71.71% 29,876 27.12% 1,283 1.17% 49,118 44.59% 110,153
Augusta 9,825 29.47% 23,120 69.35% 393 1.18% -13,295 -39.88% 33,338
Bath 1,043 42.89% 1,349 55.47% 40 1.64% -306 -12.58% 2,432
Bedford 11,017 30.75% 24,420 68.16% 393 1.09% -13,403 -37.41% 35,830
Bedford City 1,208 44.18% 1,497 54.75% 29 1.07% -289 -10.57% 2,734
Bland 864 29.20% 2,031 68.64% 64 2.16% -1,167 -39.44% 2,959
Botetourt 5,693 32.71% 11,471 65.90% 242 1.39% -5,778 -33.19% 17,406
Bristol 2,665 36.21% 4,579 62.22% 115 1.57% -1,914 -26.01% 7,359
Brunswick 4,973 62.84% 2,877 36.35% 64 0.81% 2,096 26.49% 7,914
Buchanan 4,063 46.52% 4,541 51.99% 130 1.49% -478 -5.47% 8,734
Buckingham 3,489 49.89% 3,428 49.01% 77 1.10% 61 0.88% 6,994
Buena Vista 1,108 45.73% 1,282 52.91% 33 1.36% -174 -7.18% 2,423
Campbell 8,091 31.34% 17,444 67.58% 279 1.08% -9,353 -36.24% 25,814
Caroline 7,163 55.45% 5,617 43.48% 139 1.07% 1,546 11.97% 12,919
Carroll 4,109 32.67% 8,187 65.08% 283 2.25% -4,078 -32.41% 12,579
Charles City 2,838 68.34% 1,288 31.01% 27 0.65% 1,550 37.33% 4,153
Charlotte 2,705 43.93% 3,372 54.77% 80 1.30% -667 -10.84% 6,157
Charlottesville 15,705 78.35% 4,078 20.35% 261 1.30% 11,627 58.00% 20,044
Chesapeake 53,994 50.22% 52,625 48.94% 902 0.84% 1,369 1.28% 107,521
Chesterfield 74,310 45.85% 86,413 53.31% 1,365 0.84% -12,103 -7.46% 162,088
Clarke 3,457 46.52% 3,840 51.68% 134 1.80% -383 -5.16% 7,431
Colonial Heights 2,562 28.95% 6,161 69.62% 126 1.43% -3,599 -40.67% 8,849
Covington 1,304 55.40% 1,020 43.33% 30 1.27% 284 12.07% 2,354
Craig 877 33.46% 1,695 64.67% 49 1.87% -818 -31.21% 2,621
Culpeper 8,802 44.59% 10,711 54.26% 228 1.15% -1,909 -9.67% 19,741
Cumberland 2,255 47.73% 2,418 51.19% 51 1.08% -163 -3.46% 4,724
Danville 12,352 59.13% 8,361 40.02% 177 0.85% 3,991 19.11% 20,890
Dickenson 3,278 48.54% 3,324 49.22% 151 2.24% -46 -0.68% 6,753
Dinwiddie 6,246 48.45% 6,526 50.62% 120 0.93% -280 -2.17% 12,892
Emporia 1,702 65.04% 897 34.28% 18 0.68% 805 30.76% 2,617
Essex 2,934 54.70% 2,379 44.35% 51 0.95% 555 10.35% 5,364
Fairfax 310,359 60.12% 200,994 38.93% 4,901 0.95% 109,365 21.19% 516,254
Fairfax City 6,575 57.69% 4,691 41.16% 132 1.15% 1,884 16.53% 11,398
Falls Church 4,695 69.56% 1,970 29.19% 85 1.25% 2,725 40.37% 6,750
Fauquier 14,616 42.71% 19,227 56.19% 376 1.10% -4,611 -13.48% 34,219
Floyd 2,937 39.08% 4,441 59.09% 138 1.83% -1,504 -20.01% 7,516
Fluvanna 6,185 48.57% 6,420 50.41% 130 1.02% -235 -1.84% 12,735
Franklin 9,618 37.86% 15,414 60.68% 369 1.46% -5,796 -22.82% 25,401
Franklin City 2,819 63.68% 1,576 35.60% 32 0.72% 1,243 28.08% 4,427
Frederick 12,961 38.56% 20,149 59.95% 502 1.49% -7,188 -21.39% 33,612
Fredericksburg 6,155 63.60% 3,413 35.27% 109 1.13% 2,742 28.33% 9,677
Galax 1,052 43.80% 1,317 54.83% 33 1.37% -265 -11.03% 2,402
Giles 3,192 40.95% 4,462 57.24% 141 1.81% -1,270 -16.29% 7,795
Gloucester 6,916 35.98% 12,089 62.89% 217 1.13% -5,173 -26.91% 19,222
Goochland 4,813 38.31% 7,643 60.84% 106 0.85% -2,830 -22.53% 12,562
Grayson 2,480 34.35% 4,540 62.88% 200 2.77% -2,060 -28.53% 7,220
Greene 3,174 38.43% 4,980 60.29% 106 1.28% -1,806 -21.86% 8,260
Greensville 3,122 63.88% 1,729 35.38% 36 0.74% 1,393 28.50% 4,887
Halifax 8,126 48.23% 8,600 51.04% 124 0.73% -474 -2.81% 16,850
Hampton 46,917 69.05% 20,476 30.14% 550 0.81% 26,441 38.91% 67,943
Hanover 18,447 32.80% 37,344 66.39% 457 0.81% -18,897 -33.59% 56,248
Harrisonburg 8,444 57.54% 6,048 41.21% 183 1.25% 2,396 16.33% 14,675
Henrico 86,323 55.70% 67,381 43.48% 1,262 0.82% 18,942 12.22% 154,966
Henry 11,118 44.09% 13,758 54.56% 339 1.35% -2,640 -10.47% 25,215
Highland 590 37.97% 930 59.85% 34 2.18% -340 -21.88% 1,554
Hopewell 5,285 55.49% 4,149 43.56% 90 0.95% 1,136 11.93% 9,524
Isle of Wight 8,573 42.87% 11,258 56.30% 166 0.83% -2,685 -13.43% 19,997
James City 17,352 44.95% 20,912 54.17% 339 0.88% -3,560 -9.22% 38,603
King and Queen 1,918 51.77% 1,763 47.58% 24 0.65% 155 4.19% 3,705
King George 4,473 42.71% 5,888 56.22% 113 1.07% -1,415 -13.51% 10,474
King William 3,344 39.87% 4,966 59.20% 78 0.93% -1,622 -19.33% 8,388
Lancaster 3,235 46.63% 3,647 52.57% 56 0.80% -412 -5.94% 6,938
Lee 3,219 34.89% 5,825 63.13% 183 1.98% -2,606 -28.24% 9,227
Lexington 1,543 62.24% 914 36.87% 22 0.89% 629 25.37% 2,479
Loudoun 74,845 53.67% 63,336 45.42% 1,278 0.91% 11,509 8.25% 139,459
Louisa 6,978 45.45% 8,182 53.29% 193 1.26% -1,204 -7.84% 15,353
Lunenburg 2,703 47.84% 2,900 51.33% 47 0.83% -197 -3.49% 5,650
Lynchburg 16,269 47.37% 17,638 51.36% 434 1.27% -1,369 -3.99% 34,341
Madison 2,862 42.72% 3,758 56.10% 79 1.18% -896 -13.38% 6,699
Manassas 7,518 55.17% 5,975 43.85% 134 0.98% 1,543 11.32% 13,627
Manassas Park 2,463 59.49% 1,634 39.47% 43 1.04% 829 20.02% 4,140
Martinsville 4,139 63.48% 2,311 35.44% 70 1.08% 1,828 28.04% 6,520
Mathews 1,934 35.55% 3,456 63.53% 50 0.92% -1,522 -27.98% 5,440
Mecklenburg 7,127 47.26% 7,817 51.83% 138 0.91% -690 -4.57% 15,082
Middlesex 2,391 39.81% 3,545 59.02% 70 1.17% -1,154 -19.21% 6,006
Montgomery 21,031 51.73% 19,028 46.81% 594 1.46% 2,003 4.92% 40,653
Nelson 4,391 53.99% 3,647 44.84% 95 1.17% 744 9.15% 8,133
New Kent 3,493 34.96% 6,385 63.91% 113 1.13% -2,892 -28.95% 9,991
Newport News 51,972 63.93% 28,667 35.26% 656 0.81% 23,305 28.67% 81,295
Norfolk 62,819 71.03% 24,814 28.06% 813 0.91% 38,005 42.97% 88,446
Northampton 3,800 57.70% 2,713 41.19% 73 1.11% 1,087 16.51% 6,586
Northumberland 3,312 44.72% 4,041 54.56% 53 0.72% -729 -9.84% 7,406
Norton 743 49.14% 744 49.21% 25 1.65% -1 -0.07% 1,512
Nottoway 3,413 48.84% 3,499 50.07% 76 1.09% -86 -1.23% 6,988
Orange 7,107 44.98% 8,506 53.83% 188 1.19% -1,399 -8.85% 15,801
Page 4,235 40.76% 6,041 58.15% 113 1.09% -1,806 -17.39% 10,389
Patrick 2,879 33.75% 5,491 64.37% 161 1.88% -2,612 -30.62% 8,531
Petersburg 13,774 88.64% 1,583 10.19% 183 1.17% 12,191 78.45% 15,540
Pittsylvania 11,415 37.51% 18,730 61.55% 288 0.94% -7,315 -24.04% 30,433
Poquoson 1,748 24.74% 5,229 74.01% 88 1.25% -3,481 -49.27% 7,065
Portsmouth 32,327 69.27% 13,984 29.97% 354 0.76% 18,343 39.30% 46,665
Powhatan 4,237 29.31% 10,088 69.78% 131 0.91% -5,851 -40.47% 14,456
Prince Edward 5,101 54.34% 4,174 44.46% 113 1.20% 927 9.88% 9,388
Prince George 7,130 44.55% 8,752 54.68% 124 0.77% -1,622 -10.13% 16,006
Prince William 93,435 57.52% 67,621 41.63% 1,390 0.85% 25,814 15.89% 162,446
Pulaski 5,918 39.32% 8,857 58.85% 275 1.83% -2,939 -19.53% 15,050
Radford 2,930 53.97% 2,418 44.54% 81 1.49% 512 9.43% 5,429
Rappahannock 2,105 47.79% 2,227 50.56% 73 1.65% -122 -2.77% 4,405
Richmond 1,618 43.20% 2,092 55.86% 35 0.94% -474 -12.66% 3,745
Richmond City 73,623 79.09% 18,649 20.03% 813 0.88% 54,974 59.06% 93,085
Roanoke 19,812 38.87% 30,571 59.97% 592 1.16% -10,759 -21.10% 50,975
Roanoke City 24,934 61.15% 15,394 37.76% 444 1.09% 9,540 23.39% 40,772
Rockbridge 4,347 42.64% 5,732 56.22% 116 1.14% -1,385 -13.58% 10,195
Rockingham 10,453 31.36% 22,468 67.40% 413 1.24% -12,015 -36.04% 33,334
Russell 4,932 42.91% 6,389 55.59% 173 1.50% -1,457 -12.68% 11,494
Salem 5,164 41.63% 7,088 57.13% 154 1.24% -1,924 -15.50% 12,406
Scott 2,725 27.59% 6,980 70.68% 170 1.73% -4,255 -43.09% 9,875
Shenandoah 6,912 35.96% 12,005 62.45% 306 1.59% -5,093 -26.49% 19,223
Smyth 4,239 34.46% 7,817 63.54% 246 2.00% -3,578 -29.08% 12,302
Southampton 4,402 48.55% 4,583 50.55% 82 0.90% -181 -2.00% 9,067
Spotsylvania 24,897 46.05% 28,610 52.91% 562 1.04% -3,713 -6.86% 54,069
Stafford 25,716 46.37% 29,221 52.69% 518 0.94% -3,505 -6.32% 55,455
Staunton 5,569 50.56% 5,330 48.39% 116 1.05% 239 2.17% 11,015
Suffolk 22,446 56.24% 17,165 43.01% 297 0.75% 5,281 13.23% 39,908
Surry 2,626 60.72% 1,663 38.45% 36 0.83% 963 22.27% 4,325
Sussex 3,301 61.55% 2,026 37.78% 36 0.67% 1,275 23.77% 5,363
Tazewell 5,596 32.80% 11,201 65.65% 264 1.55% -5,605 -32.85% 17,061
Virginia Beach 98,885 49.14% 100,319 49.85% 2,045 1.01% -1,434 -0.71% 201,249
Warren 6,997 43.39% 8,879 55.06% 250 1.55% -1,882 -11.67% 16,126
Washington 8,063 32.91% 16,077 65.62% 360 1.47% -8,014 -32.71% 24,500
Waynesboro 3,906 44.09% 4,815 54.35% 139 1.56% -909 -10.26% 8,860
Westmoreland 4,577 54.64% 3,719 44.40% 81 0.96% 858 10.24% 8,377
Williamsburg 4,328 63.77% 2,353 34.67% 106 0.95% 1,975 29.10% 6,787
Winchester 5,268 52.02% 4,725 46.66% 133 1.32% 543 5.36% 10,126
Wise 4,995 35.33% 8,914 63.05% 229 1.62% -3,919 -27.72% 14,138
Wythe 4,107 32.88% 8,207 65.70% 177 1.42% -4,100 -32.82% 12,491
York 13,700 40.42% 19,833 58.51% 364 1.07% -6,133 -18.09% 33,897
Totals 1,959,532 52.63% 1,725,005 46.33% 38,723 1.04% 234,527 6.30% 3,723,260
 
County and Independent City Flips:

Counties and independent cities that flipped from Democratic to Republican

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Counties and independent cities that flipped from Republican to Democratic

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By congressional district

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Barack Obama carried 6 of the state's 11 congressional districts. Both candidates carried two districts won by the other party.

District McCain Obama Representative
1st 51.35% 47.67% Jo Ann Davis (110th Congress)
Robert J. Wittman (111th Congress)
2nd 48.48% 50.45% Thelma Drake (110th Congress)
Glenn Nye (111th Congress)
3rd 23.74% 75.52% Robert C. Scott
4th 48.80% 50.33% Randy Forbes
5th 50.59% 48.29% Virgil Goode (110th Congress)
Tom Perriello (111th Congress)
6th 56.93% 41.85% Bob Goodlatte
7th 53.16% 45.89% Eric Cantor
8th 29.65% 69.28% Jim Moran
9th 58.71% 39.60% Rick Boucher
10th 46.06% 52.90% Frank Wolf
11th 42.06% 57.01% Thomas M. Davis (110th Congress)
Gerry Connolly (111th Congress)

Electors

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Main article: List of 2008 United States presidential electors

Technically the voters of Virginia cast their ballots for electors: representatives to the Electoral College. Virginia is allocated 13 electors because it has 11 congressional districts and 2 senators. All candidates who appear on the ballot or qualify to receive write-in votes must submit a list of 13 electors, who pledge to vote for their candidate and his or her running mate. Whoever wins the majority of votes in the state is awarded all 13 electoral votes. Their chosen electors then vote for president and vice president. Although electors are pledged to their candidate and running mate, they are not obligated to vote for them.[29] An elector who votes for someone other than his or her candidate is known as a faithless elector.

The electors of each state and the District of Columbia met on December 15, 2008, to cast their votes for president and vice president. The Electoral College itself never meets as one body. Instead the electors from each state and the District of Columbia met in their respective capitols.

The following were the members of the Electoral College from the state. All 13 were pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:[30]

  1. Christia Rey
  2. Sandra Brandt
  3. Betty Squire
  4. Susan Johnston Rowland
  5. Marc Finney
  6. Dorothy Blackwell
  7. James Harold Allen Boyd
  8. Marian Van Landingham
  9. Robert Edgar Childress
  10. Rolland Winter
  11. Janet Carver
  12. Michael Jon
  13. Sophie Ann Salley

References

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  1. ^ "Registration/Turnout Statistics". Virginia Department of Elections. Archived from the original on October 18, 2018. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
  2. ^ "Back to the Future - The American Prospect". July 12, 2007. Archived from the original on July 12, 2007.
  3. ^ Continetti, Matthew (October 2, 2006). "George Allen Monkeys Around". The Weekly Standard. Vol. 12, no. 3. Archived from the original on October 28, 2006. Retrieved May 31, 2009.
  4. ^ "D.C.'s Political Report: The complete source for campaign summaries". January 1, 2009. Archived from the original on January 1, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2021.
  5. ^ "Presidential". May 5, 2015. Archived from the original on May 5, 2015. Retrieved August 23, 2021.
  6. ^ "Vote 2008 - The Takeaway - Track the Electoral College vote predictions". April 22, 2009. Archived from the original on April 22, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2021.
  7. ^ "Electoral-vote.com: President, Senate, House Updated Daily". electoral-vote.com. Retrieved August 23, 2021.
  8. ^ a b c d Based on Takeaway
  9. ^ "POLITICO's 2008 Swing State Map - POLITICO.com". www.politico.com. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  10. ^ "RealClearPolitics - Electoral Map". Archived from the original on June 5, 2008.
  11. ^ "CQ Presidential Election Maps, 2008". CQ Politics. Archived from the original on June 14, 2009. Retrieved December 20, 2009.
  12. ^ Nagourney, Adam; Zeleny, Jeff; Carter, Shan (November 4, 2008). "The Electoral Map: Key States". The New York Times. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
  13. ^ "October – 2008 – CNN Political Ticker - CNN.com Blogs". CNN. October 31, 2008. Archived from the original on June 19, 2010. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
  14. ^ "Winning The Electoral College". Fox News. April 27, 2010.
  15. ^ "roadto270". hosted.ap.org. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  16. ^ "Election 2008: Electoral College Update - Rasmussen Reports". www.rasmussenreports.com. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  17. ^ "2008 - Virginia: McCain vs. Obama - RealClearPolitics". www.realclearpolitics.com.
  18. ^ "Election 2008 Polls - Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". Archived from the original on October 23, 2008.
  19. ^ "Presidential Campaign Finance". Archived from the original on March 24, 2009. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
  20. ^ "Map: Campaign Ad Spending - Election Center 2008 from CNN.com". CNN. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
  21. ^ "Map: Campaign Candidate Visits - Election Center 2008 from CNN.com". CNN. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
  22. ^ "Election 2008: Time lapse of U.S. counties". USA Today. July 4, 2008. Retrieved May 31, 2009.
  23. ^ a b Leip, David. "2008 Presidential General Election Results". David Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved May 31, 2009.
  24. ^ Evie Stone. "372 Counties Flipped In '08". NPR. Retrieved May 3, 2024.
  25. ^ Todd, Chuck and Gawiser, Sheldon. How Barack Obama Won. New York City: Vintage, 2009.
  26. ^ a b "Election Results 2008". New York Times. Archived from the original on November 3, 2004. Retrieved May 31, 2009.
  27. ^ Trende, Sean (February 19, 2009). "Virginia Governor's Preview". RealClearPolitics. Retrieved May 31, 2009. The question in Virginia is always whether the Republican Party can hold together its somewhat unwieldy three-legged coalition of historically Republican Virginians in the mountainous Appalachian western portion of the state, social conservatives in the rural areas east of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and suburbanites in Northern Virginia and in the Richmond/Hampton Roads areas. Why this coalition is having troubles recently could fill a book. For our purposes, we will oversimplify somewhat and observe the following.
  28. ^ Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives. "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 4, 2008" (PDF). pp. 63 & 64.
  29. ^ "Electoral College". California Secretary of State. Archived from the original on October 30, 2008. Retrieved November 1, 2008.
  30. ^ "President and Vice President November 4, 2008 General Election - Electors Names and Addresses" (PDF). Commonwealth of Virginia State Board of Elections. September 9, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 4, 2011. Retrieved March 18, 2011.
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