The Todhri alphabet is an 18th-century Albanian alphabetical writing system invented for writing the Albanian language by Theodhor Haxhifilipi, also known as Dhaskal Todhri.[1]
| Todhri | |
|---|---|
| Script type | alphabet
|
Time period | 18th century |
| Direction | Left to right |
| Languages | Albanian |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | |
| ISO 15924 | |
| ISO 15924 | Todr (229), Todhri |
| Unicode | |
Unicode alias | Todhri |
| U+105C0–U+105FF | |
History
editIt is a complex writing system of fifty-two characters which was used sporadically for written communication in and around Elbasan from the late eighteenth century on. The earliest dated text in Todhri's alphabet is Radhua Hesapesh (daybook) of a local merchant partnership known as Jakov Popa i Vogël dhe Shokët (Jakov Popa Junior and Friends). The entries in Todhri's alphabet start on 10 August 1795 and continue until 1797. An even older text written in the Todhri alphabet was discovered recently in a family notebook in Elbasan, dated 1 January 1780.[2] Other older texts possibly written by Todhri himself cannot be dated or confirmed.[3]
The Todhri alphabet was rediscovered in Elbasan by Johann Georg von Hahn (1811–1869) who published it in 1854 his work Albanesische Studien in Jena.[4] He thought it was 'the original' Albanian alphabet and a derivative of the ancient Phoenician alphabet. Leopold Geitler (1847–1885) and Slovenian scholar Rajko Nahtigal (1877–1958) subsequently studied the alphabet, concluding that it was derived primarily from the Roman cursive.[5]
Unicode
editThe Todhri alphabet was added to the Unicode Standard in September, 2024 with the release of version 16.0.[6][7]
The Unicode block for Todhri is U+105C0–U+105FF:
| Todhri[1][2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+105Cx | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U+105Dx | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U+105Ex | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| U+105Fx | | | | | ||||||||||||
| Notes | ||||||||||||||||
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Stefanaq Pollo (1983). Historia e Shqipërisë: Vitet 30 të shek. XIX-1912. Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë, Instituti i Historisë. p. 169.
- ^ Yll Rugova (2022). Malte Bruni dhe fillimi i studimeve mbi alfabetet origjinale të gjuhës shqipe. In Studimet për Shqiptarët në Francë, ASHAK Prishtina, pp. 571–2
- ^ Dhimiter Shuteriqi (1976), Shkrimet Shqipe ne Vitet 1332-1850, Tirana: Academy of Sciences of PR of Albania, p. 140, OCLC 252881121
- ^ Johann Georg Hahn (30 May 2015). The Discovery of Albania: Travel Writing and Anthropology in the Nineteenth Century Balkans. I.B.Tauris. p. 8. ISBN 9781784532925.
- ^ Elsie, Robert. "The Elbasan Gospel Manuscript (Anonimi i Elbasanit), 1761, and the struggle for an original Albanian alphabet" (PDF). elsie.de. p. 4.
- ^ "Unicode 16.0.0". 2024-09-10. Retrieved 2024-09-17.
- ^ Cunningham, Andrew (2024-09-12). "Unicode 16.0 release with new emoji brings character count to 154,998". arstechnica.com. Ars Technica. Retrieved 2024-09-17.