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Thomas Rogers Kimball

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Thomas Rogers Kimball (April 19, 1862 – September 7, 1934) was an American architect in Omaha, Nebraska. An architect-in-chief of the Trans-Mississippi Exposition in Omaha in 1898, he served as national President of the American Institute of Architects from 1918 to 1920 and from 1919 to 1932 served on the Nebraska State Capitol Commission.[1]

Thomas Rogers Kimball
Thomas Rogers Kimball
BornApril 19, 1862
Linwood, Ohio, US
DiedSeptember 7, 1934 (aged 72)
Omaha, Nebraska, US
Alma materUniversity of Nebraska (now U of N–Lincoln)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
École des Beaux-Arts
OccupationArchitect
SpouseAnnie McPhail Kimball

Kimball was credited with pursuing 871 commissions[2] including designing 167 new residential buildings and 162 new non-residential structures. The National Register of Historic Places received nomination forms for 42 of Kimball’s works. In 1905 he was invited to judge the San Francisco Custom House competition.[3] Kimball served as architectural adviser to commissions responsible for erection of the Missouri and Nebraska state capitols, the Kansas City Liberty Memorial, and the Indiana War Memorial in Indianapolis, and was a member of the national council of fine arts established by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt to evaluate all plans for public buildings, monuments, and statutes.[4][5][6]

Biography

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The Hotel Fontenelle in Omaha, Nebraska, designed by Thomas Kimball

Born April 19, 1862, in Linwood, Cincinnati, Ohio, he moved to Omaha, Nebraska with his parents Thomas Lord Kimball and Mary Porter Rogers Kimball when he was nine. Kimball attended Central High School until 1878 when he enrolled at the University of Nebraska Latin School (former University of Nebraska-Lincoln prep school) for two years.[7] Next, Kimball went to Boston, where he worked with a private tutor for two years. He then entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to study architecture until 1887. He did not graduate but was later given an affiliation with the School of Architecture.

Kimball continued at the Cowles Art School of Boston then moved to Paris where he spent a year studying art at L'Ecole des Beaux Arts under notable tutors such as Henri Harpingnies.[8] Returning to Boston in 1888, Kimball along with Henry D. Bates established Technology Architectural Review, a publication of The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Architectural Society.[9] As reported in the first issue, "The REVIEW - the first essay of its kind by architectural students in America - will aim to call attention to and emphasize the resources of classical architecture, and its usefulness as a basis for all design."[10] The following year, Kimball married Annie Lydia McPhail in Boston.[11]

Walker and Kimball

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In 1891, Kimball formed an architectural firm with MIT instructor C. Howard Walker and architect Herbert Best. Best soon retired. Walker remained in Boston to run the office there; Kimball moved back to Omaha and opened an office. Both operated under the name Walker and Kimball. In 1892, Kimball was commissioned to design a public library building in Omaha. Although Kimball had been able to get the job through connections established by his father, railroad executive Thomas Lord Kimball, the younger Kimball was in fact well qualified for the work. He was also something of a curiosity in 1890s Omaha, since he had been educated in the East and had studied architecture both in the United States and in France. Kimball began attracting many high-profile projects in Omaha, including St. Philomena's Cathedral and the Burlington Train Station. In 1893, some of his architectural plans were shown in Chicago at the World Columbian Exposition.[12]

Trans-Mississippi Exposition

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The 1898 Trans Mississippi and International Exposition was a World's Fair-like event in Omaha that required the construction of many buildings. Kimball and Walker were named co-architects-in-chief for the event. The two men were responsible for the overall site development, including perimeter buildings. They designed several major buildings, some smaller structures and the Arch of States (a main entrance). "The other 'name' architects who were there did a main building and nothing else," Batie said.

The buildings were constructed of strips of wood covered with staff, which was a mixture of plaster and horsehair. They were temporary by design, built at about half the cost of permanent buildings. The lower cost allowed the construction of larger structures. Kimball was already successful, but his Exhibition work made him even more so. Kimball won commissions for major new projects, such as St. Cecilia Cathedral and the Fontenelle Hotel in Omaha, and the Electricity Building at the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis.[13]

Late career

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By 1918, he had gained tremendous stature among his peers and was elected national president of the American Institute of Architects, an office he held until 1920. Kimball was involved in many architecture-related activities, including supervision of the 1920 design contest that selected Bertram Goodhue as architect of the Nebraska State Capitol.

In 1927, Kimball went into a partnership with architects William L. Steele (1875–1949) and Josiah D. Sandham (1880–1969) to form the firm Kimball, Steele, and Sandham. Among other commissions, the firm designed the Second Church of Christ Scientist (Minneapolis, 1930) and with George B. Prinz were associate architects on the Federal Office Building (Omaha, 1933). However, Kimball functioned primarily as a consultant, having stopped working as an active architect.[14][15]

Death and legacy

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Bust of Kimball created by John Lajba in 2019 for the Nebraska Hall of Fame.

Kimball's success could not survive the Great Depression, which hurt him financially. He died a pauper in 1934. Upon his death, partner William L. Steele remarked that Kimball "did not...as the majority of his contemporaries did, absorb a repertoire of French tricks and come home. He studied architecture as building, not as merely drawings of the buildings. He seemed to have acquired at an early age that grasp of fundamental principles which was to keep him from being stampeded by passing fads."[16]

In 2017, Kimball was inducted as the 26th member of the Nebraska Hall of Fame. In 2019, a bust of his likeness was created by John Lajba for that hall of fame.[17]

On June 25, 2019, the Nebraska Board of Engineers and Architects awarded its first and, to date, only honorary architect license to Kimball. The board was created on August 16, 1937, almost three years after Kimball's death, so Kimball never had the opportunity to become a licensed architect in his home state.[18]

Notable designs

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Burlington Station, Hastings, Nebraska, 1908
 
Keystone, Nebraska Community Church, 1908
 
The Nash Block, a 1905 design in Downtown Omaha.
 
One of Kimball's earliest, this is the 1929 remodeling of his 1898 Burlington Station.
 
Oscar Roeser House, Grand Island, Nebraska, 1908
 
The 1908 Webster Telephone Exchange in North Omaha shows a change in styles.
 
St. Cecilia took more than 50 years to construct.
Notable designs by Thomas Rogers Kimball alphabetical order
Name Built Location Notes
All Saint's Episcopal Church 1906 26th and Dewey Avenue Kimball took the contract for designing this building away from John McDonald, another influential architect in Omaha, after a fire destroyed the original church. He designed a parish house and church, both of which were demolished in 1966 when the church moved to another location.[19]
Battle Mountain Sanitarium 1898 Hot Springs, South Dakota Designed in a star pattern for sun and air, today the building is known as the Domiciliary at the Hot Springs Medical Center of the VA Black Hills Health Care System.[20]
Breckenridge/Gordon Residence 1909 3611 Jackson Street, Omaha A family residence listed on the NRHP.[21]
Burlington Headquarters Building 1879 1002-1006 Farnam Street, Omaha This Downtown Omaha landmark sits on the Gene Leahy Mall, and was rehabilitated by Kimball in 1879. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places, or NRHP.[22]
Burlington Station 1900 First Street and St. Joseph's Avenue, Hastings, Nebraska Added to the NRHP in 1978. It was renovated in 1966 and 2000.
Burlington Train Station 1898 925 South 10th Street, Omaha Added to the NRHP in 1974; currently used as the studio facility for Omaha's ABC affiliate, television station KETV (channel 7).
Dome Lake Club 1895 56 Dee Drive, Sheridan, Wyoming This private fishing club is located near the Bighorn National Forest.[23]
F.P. Kirkendall House 1901 3727 Jackson Street, Omaha Ranking among the largest of the Gold Coast Historic District homes, this house has won several awards.[24]
Electricity Palace 1903 Designed for the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis It covered nine acres and cost over $400,000. Crowning the great towers were heroic groups of statuary typifying the various attributes of electricity.[25]
Gallagher Residence 1904 513 South 38th Street, Omaha A prominent home throughout its life, it was designed for Ben Gallagher, the founder of the Paxton and Gallagher Wholesale Grocery Company in pioneer Omaha. It was demolished in 1967.[26]
Hall County Courthouse 1904 422 West 1st Street, Grand Island, Nebraska This building serves Hall County government offices, and was added to the NRHP in 1977.[27]
Hotel Fontenelle 1914 1806 Douglas Street, Omaha This building was demolished in 1983.
Keystone Community Church 1908 Keystone, Nebraska The church has a Catholic altar on one end, a Protestant lectern at the other, and hinged pews to make the seats reversible.[28]
Mary Rogers Kimball House 1905 2236 St. Mary's Avenue, Omaha Built close to her son's home, this house is the only remaining example of the numerous upscale homes that used to sit on St. Mary's. It is listed on the NRHP.[29]
Medical Arts Building 1926 17th and Dodge Streets, Omaha Originally designed as an all-in-one medical office and laboratory facility, Kimball withdrew when the builders went bankrupt. He eventually sold the plans to John McDonald, a local competitor. The building was demolished in 1999.[30]
Monmouth Park School 1903 4508 North 33rd Street, Omaha Added to the NRHP in 1983, this building was converted to apartments in 1985.
Nash Block 1905 902 Farnam Street, Omaha Added to the NRHP in 1985, this building is currently apartments.[31]
Nebraska Telephone Company Building 1894 128-130 S. 13th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska Listed on the NRHP.[23][32]
Old Administration Building 1903 University of Nebraska at Lincoln campus This building was razed in 1963.[1][33]
Omaha Club 1895 2002 Douglas Street, Omaha The most historically significant social club in the City of Omaha, having entertained five sitting U.S. presidents. Razed in 1965.[34]
Omaha Public Library 1892 1823 Harney Street, Omaha Called "one of the most significant structures in Nebraska", this building sits on land originally donated to the city by local real estate mogul Byron Reed. It was Kimball's first commission in Omaha, and served as the public library in Omaha until 1977, when afterwards it was converted to offices, in which capacity it still serves. It is listed on the NRHP.[35]
Oscar Roeser House 1908 721 W. Koenig Street, Grand Island, Nebraska
Packers National Bank 1907 4939 South 24th Street, Omaha Located in the South Omaha Main Street Historic District, this building serves as offices today, and is listed on the NRHP individually.[36]
Park School 1918 1320 South 29th Street, Omaha Named for its proximity to Hanscom Park, this building was sold by Omaha Public Schools in 1988 and converted to apartments.[37]
Paxton and Gallagher Warehouse 1908 901-909 Jones Street, Omaha Currently serves as apartments.[38]
Richard R. Kimball Residence 1901 1235 Park Wild Avenue, Omaha Built for Kimball's brother, a prominent automobile dealer, this house was demolished in the mid 1960s.[39]
Roosevelt Memorial Obelisk 1931 Marias Pass, Glacier County, Montana, U.S. A memorial to President Theodore Roosevelt was constructed along the Continental Divide at the top of the Marias Pass.[40]
Sheridan Inn 1893 856 Broadway Street, Sheridan, Wyoming Kimball designed it after a hunting lodge in Scotland. Built in 1893 for the Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad as part of its development program in Wyoming associated with extension of the railway. Equipped with the first bathtubs and electric lights in that part of Wyoming, the inn was considered the "finest hotel" between Chicago and San Francisco. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964.
St. Cecilia Cathedral 1905 701 North 40th Street, Omaha Completed in 1959, Kimball's original designs were altered by later architects.
St. Francis Cabrini Church 1908 1335 South 10th Street, Omaha Built as St. Philomena's Cathedral, this structure retained cathedral status until St. Cecilia's Cathedral was substantially completed around 1916.[41]
St. Philomena's Catholic Church 1908 1335 South 10th Street Considered one of Kimball's best works, this building is listed on the NRHP, and is currently named St. Francis Cabrini.[42]
Second Church of Christ Scientist (now Ivy Hotel) 1930 1115 2nd Avenue South, Minneapolis, Minnesota A locally designated landmark, this building is a rare example of the Ziggurat form in the city.[43]
South Omaha Public Library 1904 2302 M Street, Omaha This Carnegie library was designed to be reminiscent of a small Italian Renaissance palazzo. It was demolished in 1953 and replaced with a modern library at the same location.[44]
Thomas R. Kimball Residence 1905 2450 St. Mary's Avenue, Omaha Curved drives, elevated gardens and illustrious landscaping surrounded this multi-towered, seven-chimneyed building with design elements from many styles. It was demolished six years after Kimball's death and replaced with a grocery store and parking lot.[45]
Wattles House 1895 320 South 37th Street, Omaha Banker Gurdon Wattles lived here for 25 years, during which time he planned the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition, among his many ventures.[46]
Webster Telephone Exchange Building 1907 2213 Lake Street, Omaha Serving as a telephone exchange, emergency morgue, community center, and museum has not saved this building from disrepair.[47]
William F. Baxter Residence 1926 410 South Elwood Boulevard One of the last large residential plans by Kimball before he died, this home is on the University of Nebraska at Omaha campus and is threatened by a student housing project.[48][49]

Kimball also designed the original Omaha World-Herald building, the First National Bank in Grand Island and the Hastings, Nebraska Railroad Station. At the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition he prepared the layout for the park and designed the Arch of the States, the Administration Building, Transportation Building, and the Boys' and Girls' Building.[12]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Historic Buildings at UNL: Thomas R. Kimball. University of Nebraska. Retrieved 4/7/08.
  2. ^ Thomas R Kimball ARCHITECT'S JOB RECORD 1891-1969 NSHA film # MS 3607 1
  3. ^ Fogarty, Joan M. (2019) “Thomas Rogers Kimball – Nebraska Architect” Omaha, NE, ISBN 978-0-578-40112-5 p xiii.
  4. ^ (1936) National Cyclopedia of American Biography. Volume 25, pp 364–365.
  5. ^ (1942) Who Was Who in America. p 676.
  6. ^ Withey, H. and Withey, E. (1956) Biographical Dictionary of American Architects. New Age Publishing. pp 344–345.
  7. ^ Ripley, Robert, Capitol Commissioner, “TRK and the Building of the Nebraska State Capitol”, Cathedral Arts Project lecture, November 16, 2024
  8. ^ Erickson, Howard, "Tom Kimball: Discoverer of Artists" Omaha World-Herald, February 10, 1935, p38
  9. ^ Norris, Tim, "City's Character Found in its Buildings", Omaha World-Herald, March 18, 1979, p1-F
  10. ^ Technology Architectural Review, Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, Boston, November 15, 1887
  11. ^ Thomas Rogers Kimball Archived September 7, 2012, at archive.today, Omaha Public Library. Retrieved 4/7/08.
  12. ^ a b "Thomas Rogers Kimball"[usurped], Nebraska State Historical Society. Retrieved 4/7/08.
  13. ^ Thomas Rogers Kimball. Nebraska Social Studies Association. Retrieved 4/8/08.
  14. ^ Thomas Kimball, City of Omaha Landmark Heritage Preservation Commission. Retrieved 4/6/08.
  15. ^ Batie, David Lynn (Fall 1979). Kivett, Marvin F (ed.). "Thomas Rogers Kimball (1890-1912): Nebraska Architect". Nebraska History. 60 (3). Lincoln, Nebraska: Nebraska State Historical Association: 352.
  16. ^ Batie, David Lynn (Fall 1979). Kivett, Marvin F (ed.). "Thomas Rogers Kimball (1890-1912): Nebraska Architect". Nebraska History. 60 (3). Lincoln, Nebraska: Nebraska State Historical Association: 327.
  17. ^ "Architect Thomas Rogers Kimball joins Nebraska Hall of Fame | Regional Government | journalstar.com". August 3, 2017.
  18. ^ "History of the Nebraska Board of Engineers and Architects". March 29, 2024.
  19. ^ Gerber, K. and Spencer, J.C. (2003) Building for the Ages: Omaha's Architectural Landmarks. Omaha, NE: Landmarks, Inc. p 33.
  20. ^ (1999) Wellness Magazine[permanent dead link‍]. Veterans Administration. Retrieved 4/7/08.
  21. ^ Gerber, K. and Spencer, J.C. (2003) Building for the Ages: Omaha's Architectural Landmarks. Omaha, NE: Landmarks, Inc. p 118.
  22. ^ Gerber, K. and Spencer, J.C. (2003) Building for the Ages: Omaha's Architectural Landmarks. Omaha, NE: Landmarks, Inc. p 52.
  23. ^ a b Wishart, D.J. Encyclopedia of the Great Plains. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. p 81.
  24. ^ Gerber, K. and Spencer, J.C. (2003) Building for the Ages: Omaha's Architectural Landmarks. Omaha, NE: Landmarks, Inc. p 87.
  25. ^ Kurtz, Charles M. “The Saint Louis World's Fair of 1904: In Commemoration of the Acquisition of the Louisiana Territory; a Handbook of General Information, Profusely Illustrated”, ASIN: B009PCJC1M, p56
  26. ^ Gerber, K. and Spencer, J.C. (2003) Building for the Ages: Omaha's Architectural Landmarks. Omaha, NE: Landmarks, Inc. p 34.
  27. ^ National Register Places in Hall County.[usurped] Nebraska State Historical Society. Retrieved 4/6/08.
  28. ^ "Thomas R. Kimball Elected to Nebraska Hall of Fame". Nebraska History News. 71 (4). Lincoln, Nebraska, USA: The Nebraska State Historical Society: 8–9. 2017.
  29. ^ Gerber, K. and Spencer, J.C. (2003) Building for the Ages: Omaha's Architectural Landmarks. Omaha, NE: Landmarks, Inc. p 104.
  30. ^ Gerber, K. and Spencer, J.C. (2003) Building for the Ages: Omaha's Architectural Landmarks. Omaha, NE: Landmarks, Inc. p 43.
  31. ^ Nash Block. City of Omaha Landmark Heritage Preservation Commission. Retrieved 10/06/07.
  32. ^ "More Registered Placed in Lancaster County."[usurped] Nebraska State Historical Society. Retrieved 4/7/08.
  33. ^ "Old Administration Building", University of Nebraska. Retrieved 4/7/08.
  34. ^ “The Omaha Club” – Sunday Omaha World-Herald Magazine of the Midlands, April 10, pp10-11
  35. ^ Gerber, K. and Spencer, J.C. (2003) Building for the Ages: Omaha's Architectural Landmarks. Omaha, NE: Landmarks, Inc. p 73.
  36. ^ Gerber, K. and Spencer, J.C. (2003) Building for the Ages: Omaha's Architectural Landmarks. Omaha, NE: Landmarks, Inc. p 109.
  37. ^ Gerber, K. and Spencer, J.C. (2003) Building for the Ages: Omaha's Architectural Landmarks. Omaha, NE: Landmarks, Inc. p 151.
  38. ^ Gerber, K. and Spencer, J.C. (2003) Building for the Ages: Omaha's Architectural Landmarks. Omaha, NE: Landmarks, Inc. p 116.
  39. ^ Gerber, K. and Spencer, J.C. (2003) Building for the Ages: Omaha's Architectural Landmarks. Omaha, NE: Landmarks, Inc. p 30.
  40. ^ "Obelisk Bids to be Opened at Missoula", The Daily Inter Lake, Kalispell, Montana, 5 June 1931, p8
  41. ^ "St. Francis Cabrini Catholic Church", City of Omaha Landmark Heritage Preservation Commission. Retrieved 4/6/08.
  42. ^ Gerber, K. and Spencer, J.C. (2003) Building for the Ages: Omaha's Architectural Landmarks. Omaha, NE: Landmarks, Inc. p 113.
  43. ^ "Second Church of Christ Scientist", City of Minneapolis. Retrieved 4/7/08.
  44. ^ Gerber, K. and Spencer, J.C. (2003) Building for the Ages: Omaha's Architectural Landmarks. Omaha, NE: Landmarks, Inc. p 31.
  45. ^ Gerber, K. and Spencer, J.C. (2003) Building for the Ages: Omaha's Architectural Landmarks. Omaha, NE: Landmarks, Inc. p 32.
  46. ^ Gerber, K. and Spencer, J.C. (2003) Building for the Ages: Omaha's Architectural Landmarks. Omaha, NE: Landmarks, Inc. p 77.
  47. ^ Gerber, K. and Spencer, J.C. (2003) Building for the Ages: Omaha's Architectural Landmarks. Omaha, NE: Landmarks, Inc. p 112.
  48. ^ Gerber, K. and Spencer, J.C. (2003) Building for the Ages: Omaha's Architectural Landmarks. Omaha, NE: Landmarks, Inc. p 170.
  49. ^ (2007) "Landmarks News", Landmarks, Inc. Retrieved 4/6/08.
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