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Theodor Körner (president)

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Theodor Körner, Edler von Siegringen (German pronunciation: [ˈteːoˌdoːɐ̯ ˈkœʁnɐ] ⓘ; 23 April 1873 – 4 January 1957) was an Austrian military officer and statesman of the Social Democratic Party of Austria. He served as President of Austria from 1951 to 1957 and as Mayor of Vienna from 1945 to 1951.

Theodor Körner
Colorised photo of Körner in 1951
President of Austria
In office
21 June 1951 – 4 January 1957
ChancellorLeopold Figl
Julius Raab
Preceded byKarl Renner
Succeeded byAdolf Schärf
Mayor and Governor of Vienna
In office
17 April 1945 – 18 June 1951
Preceded byRudolf Prikryl
Succeeded byFranz Jonas
Chair of the Federal Council
In office
1 December 1933 – 17 February 1934
Preceded byOtto Ender
Succeeded byFranz Hemala
Personal details
Born(1873-04-23)23 April 1873
Újszőny, Austria-Hungary
now part of Komárom, Hungary
Died4 January 1957(1957-01-04) (aged 83)
Vienna, Austria
Political partySocial Democratic Party
Military service
Branch/service Austro-Hungarian Army
(1894–1918)
Bundesheer
(1918–1924)
Rank Colonel
General
Unit
  • 72nd Infantry Brigade
  • Levoča Hungarian Infantry Regiment
Commands
Battles/wars
AwardsAustro-Hungarian Military Merit Cross Third Class
Imperial Order of the Iron Crown Third Class
Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa

Early life

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As son of an officer of the Austro-Hungarian Army, he was born in Újszőny,[1] Kingdom of Hungary (today part of Komárom, Hungary), as the second child of an Artillery Captain, later promoted to major Theodor Karl Körner, Edler von Siegringen (1828-1917) and his wife, Karoline Fousek (1849–1929). He had one older sister, Rosa Antonia (b. 1872) and one younger brother Richard (1874-1915), who later became lieutenant colonel in the Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces during World War I.[2] He was great nephew of poet Theodor Körner and was distantly related to Bertha von Suttner, through her mother, Sophie Wilhelmine von Körner (1815-1884), who was also related to the poet.[3]

Biography

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In 1883–1888, Körner lived in Chrastava, where his father was born, and attended the elementary school there.[4] From 1888, he attended the military school in Hranice, graduated at the head of his class as a pioneer from the Imperial and Royal Technical Military Academy, and became lieutenant in 1894. He served as an officer in Agram (today Zagreb, Croatia) and was promoted to major in 1904, in which year he became a member of the Austrian staff. During World War I, he was an active commander on the Italian front. He resigned from his military career in 1924 as a General.

Always interested in politics, he joined the social democrats and became a member of parliament in 1924. He served as Chairman of the Federal Council of Austria between December 1933 and February 1934.[5]

Körner was a member of the Technischer Ausschuss (Technical Committee) of the Republikanischer Schutzbund and, alongside Alexander Eifler, considered one of its two leading military strategists. As opposed to Eifler, who favored a more streamlined and classic military organization for the Social-Democratic paramilitary, Körner proposed a strategic outline utilizing guerilla warfare and mass action in the case of a civil war. Eifler was eventually able to assert his strategic views in his struggle with Körner, in the course of which Körner left the technical committee in 1930.

The civil war in Austria and the installation of the austro-fascist dictatorship under Engelbert Dollfuss ended Körner's career as a politician. He was arrested, like other members of his party, by the authoritarian government that banned all opposition parties and put their representatives into prison. During World War II, Körner was again imprisoned, this time by the Nazis.

After the war, in April 1945, Körner became Mayor of Vienna in the newly erected Second Republic. Körner was responsible for rebuilding and reconstructing Vienna, which was heavily destroyed due to the bombing during the war. After the death of Karl Renner, his party nominated Körner as candidate for the presidency, and Körner won the elections with slightly more than 51 percent of the votes. He therefore became the first President of Austria directly elected by the people. Körner died in Vienna, in office, the second consecutive President to do so.

Körner had a profound knowledge of military sciences and wrote about military theory. In Vienna, there is a Gemeindebau and a street named after him, as is the Theodor Körner Prize, an Austrian award for science and art.

A motor vessel, the MS Theodor Körner was built in 1965 and currently operates on the Danube River as a "Bike & Boat" cruise ship, accommodating 135 passengers plus crew. [6][7]

Awards

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References

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  1. ^ Österreichisches Staatsarchiv / Kriegsarchiv
  2. ^ https://ulis-buecherecke.ch/Neue%20Eintr%C3%A4ge%202021/koerner_buergermeister_bundespraesident.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  3. ^ Kempf, pp. 7–8.
  4. ^ "Bulletin č. 112 – 1/2004" (in Czech). Město Chrastava. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
  5. ^ "Präsidentinnen und Präsidenten seit 1920". parlament.gv.at. Parlament Österreich.
  6. ^ "MS Theodor Körner".
  7. ^ "Theodor Körner". Archived from the original on 2020-08-04.

Sources

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