The African butter catfish (Schilbe mystus) is a species of fish in the family Schilbeidae. It is native to many major river systems in Africa.[3] Other common names for the fish include butter fish, butter barbel, African glass catfish, lubangu, mystus catfish, silver barbel, and silver catfish.[1][3] It was originally described as Silurus mystus by Carl Linnaeus in 1758.[4][3]
| African butter catfish | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Family: | Schilbeidae |
| Genus: | Schilbe |
| Species: | S. mystus
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| Binomial name | |
| Schilbe mystus | |
| Synonyms | |
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Description
editThe African butter catfish has a compressed body and an adipose fin is always present.[5] It can grow up to 40 centimetres (16 in) TL and has reported up to a maximum weight of 250 grams (8.8 oz).[5] It is a brownish color on the head and the dorsal surface of the fish, and silvery-white on the underside.[3] The fins are usually colorless.[3][5] The lifespan of the fish is estimated to be 6 to 7 years[5]
It is commonly found in standing or slowly flowing open water of lakes, ponds, rivers, and shallow swamps where vegetation is present.[4][3] It is occasionally found in sandy or rocky streams, or shallow flood plains.[4] It feeds from mid-water and surface waters on fish, insects, crustaceans, ostracods, snails, seeds, leaves, roots, diatoms, algae, and fruit.[6][4][3][7] It has been noted to feed on the fish species Elephant snout (Hyperopisus bebe) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).[7] The species is most active at night or in subdued light.[3] It spawns in the rainy season in September and October, by migrating into the floodwaters and tributaries of rivers and streams to spawn.[6] It may spawn in multiple locations, depositing eggs on vegetation.[4]
Uses
editThis fish is of commercial importance in many parts of Africa as an important food fish.[4] It is also sold in the aquarium trade.[4] In northern Africa, the fish faces threats from dams, water pollution, drought, and water depletion.[4] Overall, the species is listed by the IUCN as Least Concern for central, northern, northeastern, and western Africa. In eastern Africa, the species is in serious decline due to overfishing and exploitation and is assessed regionally as Vulnerable.[4]
References
edit- ^ a b Diouf, K.; Azeroual, A.; Bousso, T.; Getahun, A.; Lalèyè, P.; Moelants, T.; Twongo, T.K. (2020). "Schilbe mystus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T60385A47186188. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T60385A47186188.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ Encyclopedia of Life. Synonyms. Accessed 3 May 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Zengeya, Tsungai (12 June 2014). "Schilbe mystus (African butter catfish)". Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Diouf, K.; Azeroual, A.; Bousso, T.; Getahun, A.; Lalèyè, P.; Moelants, T.; Twongo, T.K. (2020). "Schilbe mystus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T60385A47186188. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T60385A47186188.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d Froese, R.; Pauly, D., eds. (June 2016). "Schilbe mystus (Linnaeus, 1758)". Fishbase. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
- ^ a b Omondi, Reuben and James Ogari (1994). "Preliminary Study on the Food and Feeding Habits of Schilbe mystus (Linn., 1762) in River Nyando" (PDF). Proceedings of the Second EEC Regional Seminar on Recent Trends of Research on Lake Victoria Fisheries. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
- ^ a b Ayoade, A.; et al. (December 2008). "Diet and dietary habits of the fish Schilbe mystus (Siluriformes: Schilbeidae) in two artificial lakes in Southwestern Nigeria". Revista de Biología Tropical. 56 (4). Rev Biol Trop.: 1847–55. PMID 19419086. Retrieved 16 October 2016.