The Pukguksong-3 (Korean: 《북극성-3》형[1]; Hancha: 北極星 3型; lit. Polaris Type 3; KN-26 under the U.S. naming convention[2]) is a North Korean two-stage, submarine-launched ballistic missile,[3] likely based on the same motor that powers the Pukkuksong-2. The missile had its first successful flight test on 2 October 2019, although it had been featured in parades in 2017. Compared to older missiles, the Pukguksong-3 likely represents an incremental step forward in SLBM development, possibly towards an eventual, standardised missile.[4]
| Pukguksong-3 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Submarine launched ballistic missile |
| Place of origin |  North Korea |
| Service history | |
| In service | 2019- |
| Production history | |
| Manufacturer | North Korea |
| Produced | 2017- |
| Specifications | |
| Length | 9.15 m (30.0 ft) (with warhead) |
| Width | 1.4 m (4.6 ft) |
| Warhead | conventional, possibly nuclear |
| Propellant | solid fuel |
Operational range | 1700–2500 km (estimated) |
Launch platform | submersible barge, Sinpo-C |
| Pukguksong-3 | |
| Chosŏn'gŭl | 《북극성-3》형 |
|---|---|
| Hancha | |
| Revised Romanization | Bukgeukseong-sam hyeong |
| McCune–Reischauer | Pukkŭksŏng-sam hyŏng |
Design
editThe Pukguksong-3 is a further development from the Pukguksong-2, sharing the same 1.4-metre diameter. The missiles were first shown on the 15 April 2017 parade with an appearance like that of the Pukguksong-1, but larger, and painted with an uninterrupted black stripe at the nose. The paraded missiles had a skirt with grid fins.[5]
More was shown on 22 August, when images of filament wound casing were shown with a larger diameter of 1.4 meters,[5] along with the official name of the missile, on a display in the background of a photo. The image showed a Pukguksong-3 missile in a canister and revealed that it would be a two-stage, solid-fuel missile. Prior to this, there was a string of ejection tests at Sinpo, although it could not be confirmed that the testing involved the Pukguksong-3.[6]
A different report states that the Pukguksong-3 is intended to move away from the Pukguksong-1 design, instead of following up on it. According to this analysis, the missile is a new platform that would likely improve North Korea's second strike capability.[7]
The missile was displayed in the 'Self-Defence' 2021 exhibition, between a Pukguksong-5 and the newer, KN-23 like SLBM. The originally uninterrupted black line was broken with a white stripe, possibly at an attempt with deception.[5]
Tests
editThere has been one known test of the Pukguksong-3:
| Attempt | Date | Location | Pre-launch announcement / detection | Outcome | Additional Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 October 2019, around 7:11am Pyongyang Standard Time[8] | Off Wonsan | None | Success | This was the first successful test of the Pukguksong-3 missile. It was fired without a reentry warhead, and did not have the previously seen skirt with grid fins, like the previous Pukguksong-1 launches from underwater barges.[9]
Kim Jong-un reportedly did not attend the test, although photos released on KCTV were alleged to have been modified, such that a drinking cup was removed, which, according to the report, suggests that he might have attended the test.[10] The missile was fired to a range of 450 km (240 nmi) at an apogee of 910 km (490 nmi), which means a range with a normal trajectory of at least 1,900 km (1,000 nmi).[11] |
Deployment
editThe missile is likely to be deployed to the new Sinpo-C submarine under construction, as the current Sinpo-B submarine, which fits the Pukguksong-1 missile, would not fit the larger Pukguksong-3 missile. The new ballistic missile submarine is based on the Romeo-class submarine, and is likely to be fitted with three launch tubes for missiles. However, the position of the tubes would likely result in reduced space for the battery compartment, and thus reduce its underwater endurance, possibly reducing it to half of the original capacity.[12] As the submarine is still under construction, it may instead be launched to fire the newer, and even larger Pukguksong-5 missiles instead.[13] Even with these modifications, however, it is unlikely that the Romeo-class submarine will reach 3000 tons as reported by South Korean media, and as such, a possibility of a conversion based on a Golf-class submarine is also possible.[4]
Variants
editPukguksong-4
editAt the 10 October 2020 parade commemorating the 75th anniversary of the founding of the Korean Workers' Party, a new missile marked the Pukguksong-4 was displayed. It is significantly increased in size compared to the Pukguksong-3, both in diameter and length. Unlike the Pukguksong-3, it was seen with a Korean People's Army Ground Force escort and the missile did not appear to have an actual separation mechanism for its two stages.[14] Portions of the engine appeared to be filament wound to make the missile lighter and allow for a greater range and payload. Range is likely to be similar or greater than the Pukguksong-3, although no flight tests have yet been conducted.[15][16] South Korean Chief of Naval Operations Boo Suk-jong mentioned that korean alphabet written on the cover of this missile is '북극성-4ㅅ' (Pukkuksong-4S), not '북극성-4A' (Pukkuksong-4A). Also he mentioned that letter 'ㅅ' may stand for 수중 (sujung, submarine, underwater) or 수상 (susang, on the water)[17]
Pukguksong-5
editAt a parade on 14 January 2021, another SLBM variant was displayed designated the Pukguksong-5. It shared the design of the previous two missiles, however with a pointed nose cone and longer payload shroud for a greater overall length. The appearance of yet another untested missile likely indicates North Korea is still in the process of settling on a specific SLBM design.[18][19]
Pukguksong-6
editNew longer length, comparable to Polaris A3 or Trident C4 or RM30 Bulava SLBM [20]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ [록화보도] 자위적국방력강화의 일대 사변 조선민주주의인민공화국 국방과학원 새형의 잠수함탄도탄 《북극성-3》형시험발사에 성공(2019.10.3).
- ^ "Pukguksong-3 (KN-26)". Missile Threat. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
- ^ "Factbox: North Korea's submarine-launched missiles". Reuters. 2021-10-19. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
- ^ a b "Ballistic Missile Submarines and Submarine-launched Ballistic Missiles of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea". oneearthfuture.org. Archived from the original on 2021-10-27. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
- ^ a b c "Pukguksong-3 SLBM". www.b14643.de. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
- ^ Panda, Ankit. "Something New, Something Old: North Korea's Next Missiles". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
- ^ Episkopos, Mark (2020-10-20). "North Korea's Pukguksong-3 SLBM: A Step Towards Second-Strike Capability?". The National Interest. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
- ^ "Pukguksong-3 – SLBM". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
- ^ Panda, Ankit. "North Korea Finally Unveils the Pukguksong-3 SLBM: First Takeaways". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
- ^ "North Korean TV aired doctored image in recent SLBM test coverage: analysis | NK News". NK News – North Korea News. 2019-10-04. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
- ^ "Pukguksong-3 SLBM". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
- ^ Sutton, H. I. (2020-10-02). "Unusual Submarine Likely To Increase Threat From North Korea". Naval News. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
- ^ "H I Sutton – Covert Shores". www.hisutton.com. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
- ^ "Pukguksong-4 and -5". www.b14643.de. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
- ^ North Korea Unveils Two New Strategic Missiles in October 10 Parade. 38 North. 10 October 2020.
- ^ What North Korea's latest missile parade tells us, and what it doesn't. International Institute for Strategic Studies. 12 October 2020.
- ^ "[2020 National Inspection]North Korean SLBM name is 'Pukkuksong-4Siot'". Asia Economy (in Korean). 2020-10-15. Retrieved 2021-12-22.
- ^ North Korea's Newest Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile, Same as the Old One?. 38 North. 15 January 2021.
- ^ Dominguez, Gabriel (15 January 2021). "North Korea unveils Pukguksong-5 SLBM at military parade". Jane's Information Group. Archived from the original on 28 March 2021.
- ^ "Pukguksong-6 GLBM".