Pholedrine, also known as 4-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine and sold under the brand names Paredrinol, Pulsotyl, and Veritol among others, is a sympathomimetic drug used in topical eye drops to dilate the pupil.[1][2][3] It can be used to diagnose Horner's syndrome.[3]
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| Trade names | Paredrinol, Presoitan, Pulsotyl, Veritain, Veritol |
| Other names | 4-Hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine; 4-HMA; 4-Hydroxymethamphetamine; para-Hydroxymethamphetamine; PHMA; Hydroxymethamphetamine |
| Routes of administration | Topical (ocular) |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.006.114 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C10H15NO |
| Molar mass | 165.236 g·mol−1 |
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Pharmacology
editPharmacodynamics
editPholedrine is described as a sympathomimetic, antihypotensive, and ephedrine-like agent.[4][1][5]
Chemistry
editPholedrine, also known as 4-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine, is a substituted phenethylamine and amphetamine derivative.[4][1] It is structurally related to methamphetamine (N-methylamphetamine), norpholedrine (4-hydroxyamphetamine), oxilofrine (4,β-dihydroxy-N-methylamphetamine), and tyramine (4-hydroxyphenethylamine).
It is used pharmaceutically as the sulfate salt.[1][4]
The predicted log P of pholedrine ranges from 1.12 to 1.7.[2][6][7]
History
editPholedrine was synthesized by 1951.[4]
Society and culture
editNames
editPholedrine is the generic name of the drug and its INN, BAN, and DCF, while foledrina is its DCIT.[4][1][5] The drug has been sold under brand names including Pholedrin Liquidum, Pholedrin-Longo-Isis, Presoitan, Veritain, and Veritol among others.[4][1]
Other drugs
editPholedrine (4-hydroxymethamphetamine) is also a major metabolite of methamphetamine.
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Schweizerischer Apotheker-Verein (2004). Index Nominum: International Drug Directory. Medpharm Scientific Publishers. p. 969. ISBN 978-3-88763-101-7. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ a b "Pholedrine". National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
- ^ a b Bates AT, Chamberlain S, Champion M, Foley L, Hughes E, Jani B, et al. (February 1995). "Pholedrine: a substitute for hydroxyamphetamine as a diagnostic eyedrop test in Horner's syndrome". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 58 (2): 215–217. doi:10.1136/jnnp.58.2.215. PMC 1073320. PMID 7876854.
- ^ a b c d e f Elks J (2014). The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. Springer US. p. 794. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ a b Morton IK, Hall JM (2012). Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms. Springer Netherlands. p. 219. ISBN 978-94-011-4439-1. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ "Metabolite 4-hydroxymethamphetamine". DrugBank Online. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ "Pholedrine". ChemSpider. 21 July 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2024.