The National Order of Merit (Spanish: Orden Nacional del Mérito) of Paraguay is an award given by the government of Paraguay. The award was first established in 1865 and can be given to any person or organization that has contributed in some way to the benefit of Paraguay.
| National Order of Merit | |
|---|---|
 Grand Cross set of the order. | |
| Awarded by the Republic of Paraguay | |
| Type | Order of merit |
| Established | 8 April 1865 |
| Status | Currently awarded |
| Grades | 1- Grand Cross (Presidential Collar of Marshal López) 2- Grand Officer 3- Commander 4- Officer 5- Knight |
| Precedence | |
| Next (higher) | None (highest) |
| Next (lower) | Order of Military Merit |
 Ribbon of the order | |
It is the highest distinction awarded by the Republic of Paraguay. The President of the Republic of Paraguay holds as a lifetime honour (unless removed by impeachment) the Grand Cross of the Order, known as Presidential Collar (or Cordon) of Marshal López. [1]
About
editThe National Order of Merit is given to a person or an organization who has contributed to the benefit of Paraguay in various fields of endeavor.[2] This can include through culture, leadership, and science, among others.[2]
The medal was designed as a five-pointed star with the words "honor et gloria" on the front and "premium meriti" on the reverse.[3]
History
editThe National Order of Merit was established on April 8, 1865 by Francisco Solano López.[3] In 1867, López declared that women were eligible to earn the award.[4] The award was based on the French Legion of Honor and had several different levels.[5] The highest level was the Grand Cross.[5] The other levels were Knight, Official, Commander and Grand Official.[5]
On September 7, 1956, Law No. 394 was passed with several provisions regarding the awarding of the National Order of Merit.[6]
Notable recipients
edit
- Augusto Roa Bastos, Paraguayan writer.[7]
- Luis María Ramírez Boettner, Paraguayan diplomat.[8]
- Juan Crisóstomo Centurión, Paraguayan Army officer.[9]
- Graziella Corvalán, Paraguayan academic[10]
- Gildo Insfrán, Argentine politician.[6]
- Shinichi Kitaoka, Japanese political scientist on behalf of the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA).[2]
- Eusebio Leal, Cuban historian.[11]
- Francisco Solano López, president of Paraguay.[9]
- José Mujica, Uruguayan politician and president.[12]
- Aloysio Nunes, Brazilian politician.[13]
- Domingo Antonio Ortiz, Paraguayan naval officer of the Triple Alliance War.[14]
- Berta Rojas, Paraguayan musician.[15]
- Luis Szarán, Paraguayan musician.[16]
- Lotte Schulz, Paraguayan artist.[17]
- Natalicio Talavera, Paraguayan poet and newspaper editor.[18]
- George Thompson, British engineer.[19]
- Peter Tomlinson, South African admiral.[20]
- Augusto Pinochet, Chilean dictator.[21]
- Fumihito, Prince Akishino, Japanese Crown Prince.[22]
- former Princess Mako of Akishino, Japanese Princess.[22]
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Grand Cross grade of the order. -
Set of insignia of the Grand Cross. -
Grand Cross badge (obverse). -
Grand Cross badge (reverse). -
Collar of the order of Francisco Solano López.
References
edit- ^ Diario Hoy Paraguay: "Collar de oro para Franco: Justifican condecoración en base a ley stronista"- https://www.hoy.com.py/nacionales/justifican-condecoracion-de-franco-en-base-a-ley-stronista
- ^ a b c "JICA receives a National Order of Merit from the Government of Paraguay: Contribution to the development of Paraguay spans over 40 years". JICA. 21 November 2019. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
- ^ a b Gillingham, Harrold E. (1970). South American Decorations and War Medals. Lenard L. Babin (Reprint ed.). New York: The American Numismatic Society. pp. 136–137 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Saeger, James Schofield (2007). Francisco Solano López and the Ruination of Paraguay: Honor and Egocentrism. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-7425-3755-2.
- ^ a b c Washburn, Charles Ames (1871). The History of Paraguay: With Notes of Personal Observations, and Reminiscences of Diplomacy Under Difficulties. Vol. 2. Boston: Lee & Shepard, Publishishers. pp. 44–45.
- ^ a b "Insfrán recibirá en Paraguay la condecoración de la "Orden Nacional al Mérito" por apoyo a inundados – NF". Noticias Formosa (in Spanish). 16 January 2016. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
- ^ Hiller, Anna E. (2013-09-19). Great Spanish and Latin American Short Stories of the 20th Century/Grandes cuentos españoles y latinoamericanos del siglo XX: A Dual-Language Book. Courier Corporation. p. 164. ISBN 978-0-486-47624-7.
- ^ "Luis María Ramírez Boettner biography" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Paraguay). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-09. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
- ^ a b Centurión, Juan C. (1901). Memorias del coronel Juan Crisóstomo Centurión o sea reminiscencias históricas sobre la Guerra del Paraguay, vol. 4. Imprenta de Obras de J. A. Berra.
- ^ Sánchez, Vidalia, ed. (16 August 2012). "Graziella Corvalán". CEDAW Comentarios Inusuales [CEDAW Unusual Comments] (PDF) (Report) (in Spanish). Asunción, Paraguay: Editorial Servilibro. pp. 194–197. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 April 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
- ^ Central, Redaccion (2018-10-04). "Recibe Eusebio Leal orden nacional al mérito de la república de Paraguay". Radio Reloj (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2020-06-24.
- ^ "Lugo entrega a Mujica Orden Nacional al Mérito Mcal. Francisco Solano López". ABC Color (in Spanish). 16 August 2010. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
- ^ "Canciller Loizaga impuso la condecoración con la Orden Nacional al Mérito en el grado de Gran Cruz Extraordinaria al Canciller Nunes Ferreira del Brasil". Portal Oficial del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de la República del Paraguay (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-06-24.
- ^ "CAPITAN DE NAVÍO DOMINGO ANTONIO ORTIZ". Facebook. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
- ^ "La guitarrista Berta Rojas recibe la máxima condecoración de la Cancillería paraguaya". Agencia EFE (in Spanish). 12 January 2017. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
- ^ "El canciller paraguayo condecora al director de orquesta Luis Szarán y al pintor Koki Ruiz". Agencia EFE (in Spanish). 13 October 2016. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
- ^ Cáceres, Rocío (24 January 2016). "El arte paraguayo está de luto con la partida de la gran artista Lotte Schulz". Ultima Hora (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2020-06-22.
- ^ "Natalicio Talavera, escribiendo sobre las páginas de la Guerra Grande - Articulos - ABC Color". www.abc.com.py (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-07-20.
- ^ "Obituary, George Thompson, 1839-1876". Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. 45 (1876): 261–262. 1876. doi:10.1680/imotp.1876.22607.
- ^ "Obituaries" (PDF). Old Diocesans Union: 144. December 2012.
- ^ "Biografía de los miembros de la Junta de Gobierno" (PDF). memoriachilena.cl. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
- ^ a b "眞子さま、パラグアイから勲章 外国から初めて". The Nikkei. 2021-10-05. Archived from the original on 2021-10-05.