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Moon tree

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Moon trees are trees grown from seeds taken into orbit around the Moon, initially by Apollo 14 in 1971, and later by Artemis 1 in 2022.[1] The idea was first proposed by Edward P. Cliff, then the Chief of the United States Forest Service, who convinced Stuart Roosa, the Command Module Pilot on the Apollo 14 mission, to bring a small canister containing about 500 seeds aboard the module in 1971. Seeds for the experiment were chosen from five species of tree: loblolly pine, sycamore, sweetgum, redwood, and Douglas fir.[2][3] In 2022, NASA announced it would be reviving the Moon tree program by carrying 1,000 seeds aboard Artemis 1.[4]

Bicentennial Moon Tree, planted in 1975 in Washington Square, Philadelphia
Moon Tree in front of Sebastian County Courthouse, in Fort Smith, Arkansas
Certificate of Authenticity of the Moon Tree in Piedmont, South Carolina.
Moon Tree in Piedmont, South Carolina, 1980s
Moon Tree, Waycross, Georgia
Sycamore Moon Tree, planted in 1976 at Core Creek Park, Bucks County, Pennsylvania

History

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After the flight, the seeds were sent to the southern Forest Service station in Gulfport, Mississippi, and to the western station in Placerville, California, with the intent to germinate them. Nearly all the seeds germinated successfully, and after a few years, the Forest Service had about 420 seedlings. Some of these were planted alongside their Earth-bound counterparts, which were specifically set aside as controls. After more than 40 years, there was no discernible difference between the two classes of trees. Most of the Moon trees were given away in 1975 and 1976 to state forestry organizations, in order to be planted as part of the nation's bicentennial celebration. Since the trees were all of southern or western species, not all states received trees. A Loblolly Pine was planted at the White House, and trees were planted in Brazil, Switzerland, and presented to Emperor Hirohito, among others.[5]

 
Plaque at the base of the Fort Smith Moon Tree.

The locations of many of the trees that were planted from these seeds were largely unknown for decades. In 1996, a third-grade teacher, Joan Goble, and her students found a tree in their local area with a plaque identifying it as a Moon tree. Goble sent an email to NASA, and reached employee Dave Williams. Williams was unaware of the trees' existence, as were most of his colleagues at NASA. Upon doing some research, Williams found some old newspaper clippings that described the initial actions taken by Roosa to bring these seeds to space and home to be planted.[6]

Williams posted a page on NASA's official website asking for public help to find the trees. The page also contained a table listing the locations and species of known Moon trees. Williams began to hear from people around the United States who had seen trees with plaques identifying them as Moon trees. Williams began to manage a database listing details about such trees, including their location and species. In 2011, an article in Wired magazine described the effort, and provided Williams' email address, encouraging anyone to write who might have data on existing Moon trees.[7] As of 2022, efforts were continuing to identify and locate existing trees;[6] the NASA page remains active.[8]

In March 2021, the Royal Astronomical Society and the UK Space Agency asked for the help of the public to identify up to 15 Moon Trees that may be growing in the United Kingdom. As of April 2021, none of the trees that supposedly came to the UK have been identified.[9]

Current efforts

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The Moon Tree Foundation is an organization run by Roosa's daughter, Rosemary, which seeks to plant Moon trees in regions around the world. The foundation sponsors and hosts ceremonies to plant new trees, with seeds produced by the original generation of trees that grew from the seeds carried by Roosa in 1971.[10]

 
Moon tree at the Goddard Space Flight Center

Apollo Moon Tree Locations

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Table key
† Indicates a tree that is no longer alive.
‡ Indicates the exact date of planting is unknown.

United States

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City State Location Species Date planted Ref.
Salem   Oregon Private Residence 2 Douglas Firs 1973 ‡
Wiggins   Mississippi Girl Scouts Camp Iti Kana Sycamore 1974 ‡
Starkville   Mississippi Dorman Hall, Mississippi State University Sycamore 1975 ‡ [11]
Philadelphia   Pennsylvania Washington Square Park Sycamore † May 6, 1975 [12]
Bethesda   Maryland Society of American Foresters Loblolly Pine September 30, 1975 [13]
Princeton   West Virginia USDA Forestry Sciences Laboratory Sycamore October 18, 1975 [14]
Fort Smith   Arkansas Sebastian County Courthouse Loblolly Pine March 15, 1976 [15]
Little Rock   Arkansas Forestry Commission Headquarters Loblolly Pine † March 15, 1976 [16]
Monticello   Arkansas University of Arkansas at Monticello Loblolly Pine † March 15, 1976 [17]
Washington   Arkansas Historic Washington State Park Loblolly Pine March 15, 1976 [18]
Asheville   North Carolina Botanical Gardens at Asheville Sycamore March 19, 1976 [19]
College Station   Texas D. A. "Andy" Anderson Arboretum Sycamore † March 21, 1976 [20]
Birmingham   Alabama Birmingham Botanical Gardens, near Lane Park Sycamore April 1976 ‡ [21]
Montgomery   Alabama Alabama State Capitol Building Loblolly Pine April 1976 ‡ [22]
North Pembroke   Massachusetts Pembroke Historical Society Sycamore † April 1976 ‡ [23]
Elmer   Louisiana Palustris Experiment Station, Kisatchie National Forest Loblolly Pine April 1976 ‡ [24]
Knoxville   Tennessee Forestry Experiment Station, University of Tennessee Loblolly Pine April 1976 ‡ [25]
Sewanee   Tennessee Woods Laboratories, University of the South Sycamore April 1976 ‡ [26]
Elizabethton   Tennessee Fort Watauga, Sycamore Shoals State Historic Area Sycamore † April 1976 ‡ [27]
Tullahoma   Tennessee Arnold Air Force Base Loblolly Pine † April 1976 ‡ [28]
Olympia   Washington Washington State Capitol Building Douglas Fir April 1976 ‡ [29]
Albuquerque   New Mexico Harry E. Kinney Civic Plaza Douglas Fir † April 7, 1976 [30]
Indianapolis   Indiana Indiana Statehouse Sycamore April 9, 1976 [31]
Lansing   Michigan Michigan State Capitol Building Sycamore † April 22, 1976 [32]
Wyoming   Michigan Wyoming Police Department Sycamore † April 23, 1976 [33]
Niles   Michigan Fernwood Botanical Gardens and Nature Preserve Sycamore April 23, 1976 [34]
Salt Lake City   Utah Utah State Capitol Building Douglas Fir † April 28, 1976 [35]
Flagstaff   Arizona Frances Short Pond, formerly Flagstaff Junior High School Douglas Fir † April 30, 1976 [36]
Tucson   Arizona Kuiper Space Sciences Building, University of Arizona Sycamore April 30, 1976 [37]
Des Moines   Iowa Iowa State Capitol Building Sycamore April 30, 1976 [38]
Middletown   Pennsylvania Core Creek Park Sycamore April 30, 1976 [39]
Salem   Oregon Oregon State Capitol Building Douglas Fir April 30, 1976 [40]
Hampton   Virginia Albert W. Patrick III, Elementary School Sycamore April 30, 1976 [41]
Arcata   California California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt 3 Redwoods May 1976 ‡ [42]
Athens   Georgia Athens-Clarke County Planning Department Loblolly Pine May 1976 ‡ [43]
Lincoln City   Indiana Lincoln State Park Sycamore May 1, 1976 [44]
Roseburg   Oregon Roseburg Veteran Affairs Medical Center Douglas Fir May 3, 1976 [45]
Hollidaysburg   Pennsylvania Highland Hall Sycamore May 5, 1976 [46]
Boise   Idaho Idaho State Capitol Building Douglas Fir † May 7, 1976 [47]
Capitan   New Mexico Smokey Bear State Park Sycamore † May 15, 1976 [48]
Topton   Pennsylvania Borough Hall Sycamore June 20, 1976 [49]
Cape Canaveral   Florida Kennedy Space Center Sycamore † June 25, 1976 [50]
Ebensburg   Pennsylvania Cambria County Courthouse Sycamore June 29, 1976 [51]
King of Prussia   Pennsylvania Lockheed Martin Space Systems Building Sycamore June 30, 1976 [52]
Missoula   Montana University Center Mall, University of Montana Douglas Fir July 17, 1976 [53]
New Orleans   Louisiana NASA Michoud Assembly Facility Loblolly Pine † July 20, 1976 [54]
Santa Fe   New Mexico New Mexico State Capitol Building Douglas Fir July 22, 1976 [55]
Atchison   Kansas International Forest of Friendship Sycamore July 24, 1976 [56]
Berkeley   California Northwest area of Tilden Nature Area 2 Redwoods July 26, 1976 [57]
Monterey   California Friendly Plaza, near Colton Hall Redwood July 27, 1976 [58]
Steubenville   Ohio Friendship Park Sycamore July 29, 1976 [59]
San Luis Obispo   California Mission Plaza Redwood July 30, 1976 [60]
Troy   Alabama Pioneer Museum of Alabama Loblolly Pine August 5, 1976 [61]
Silver City   New Mexico Gough Park Sycamore August 14, 1976 [62]
Alamogordo   New Mexico New Mexico Museum of Space History Sycamore † October 5, 1976 [63]
Brevard   North Carolina Cradle of Forestry, Pisgah National Forest Sycamore October 18, 1976 [64]
Tuscumbia   Alabama Ivy Green, historic monument and birthplace of Helen Keller Loblolly Pine October 19, 1976 [65]
Auburn   Alabama G.W. Andrews Forestry Sciences Lab, Auburn University Loblolly Pine † October 22, 1976 [66]
Huntsville   Alabama U.S. Space and Rocket Center 5 Sycamores, 2 Pines * October 29, 1976 [67]
Tuskegee   Alabama Veteran Affairs Hospital (CAVHCS) Loblolly Pine † 1976 ‡ [21]
Sacramento   California California State Capitol Building Redwood April 21, 1976 [68]
El Dorado Hills   California St. Stephen's Lutheran Church Redwood † 1976 ‡ [69]
Tallahassee   Florida Florida Department of Agriculture Loblolly Pine 1976 ‡ [70]
Waycross   Georgia Okefenokee Regional Educational Service Agency Loblolly Pine 1976 ‡ [71]
Cannelton   Indiana Girl Scouts Camp Koch Sycamore 1976 ‡ [52]
Tell City   Indiana Hoosier National Forest Service Office 2 Sweetgums 1976 ‡ [72]
Monmouth   New Jersey Monmouth County Courthouse Sycamore † 1976 ‡ [73]
Clyde   North Carolina Disc Golf Course, Haywood Community College Sycamore 1976 ‡ [74]
Draper   Utah Lone Peak Conservation Center Sycamore 1976 ‡ [75]
Columbus   Ohio Franklin Park Conservatory Sycamore † 1976 ‡ [76]
Corvallis   Oregon Peavy Hall, Oregon State University Douglas Fir 1976 ‡ [77]
Cave Junction   Oregon Siskiyou Smokejumper Base, Illinois Valley Airport Douglas Fir † 1976 ‡ [78]
Eugene   Oregon Erb Memorial Union, University of Oregon Douglas Fir 1976 ‡ [79]
Doswell   Virginia Kings Dominion Amusement Park 2 Sycamores (1 dead) 1976 ‡ [80]
Washington, D.C.   District of Columbia Rose Garden, White House Loblolly Pine † January 19, 1977 [81]
San Dimas   California San Dimas Technology and Development Center Redwood March 29, 1977 [82]
Gainesville   Florida University of Florida Sycamore 1977 ‡ [83]
Boise   Idaho Lowell Elementary School Loblolly Pine 1977 ‡ [84]
Greenbelt   Maryland Goddard Space Flight Center Sycamore June 9, 1977 [85]
Perry   Florida Forest Capital Museum State Park Loblolly Pine April 29, 1978 [86]
Hamilton   Virginia Scott Jenkins Memorial Park Sweetgum September 1978 ‡ [87]
Westlake   Texas Private Residence Sycamore 1978 ‡ [88]
Lockeford   California Lockeford Plant Materials Center Redwood 1979 ‡ [89]
Dillsburg   Pennsylvania Dillsburg Elementary School Sycamore April 29, 1983 [90]
New Orleans   Louisiana New Orleans River Walk Loblolly Pine † June 1983 ‡ [23]
Holliston   Massachusetts Holliston Police Station Sycamore 1982 ‡ [91]
Keystone Heights   Florida Keystone Heights Library Sycamore 1984 ‡ [92]
Plano   Texas Plano Senior High School Sycamore † November 4, 2009 [93]
Tallahassee   Florida Cascades Park Sycamore Unknown ‡ [94]
Moscow   Idaho Administration Building, University of Idaho Sycamore † Unknown ‡ [95]
Waynesboro   Mississippi Forestry Commission Nursery Sycamore Unknown ‡ [88]
DeSoto   Missouri Walthers Park Sycamore Unknown ‡ [96]
Elkton   Oregon D.L. Phipps State Forest Nursery Douglas Fir Unknown ‡ [97]
Coudersport   Pennsylvania Coudersport Area Recreational Park Sycamore Unknown ‡ [98]
Piedmont   South Carolina Private Residence Sycamore Unknown ‡ [99]
 
A Moon Tree in Keystone Heights, Florida

Other countries

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City Country Location Species Date planted Ref.
Brasília   Brazil Institute for Environment and Natural Renewable Resources Sweetgum January 14, 1980 [100]
Santa Rosa   Brazil Soybean Fairgrounds, Parque Municipal de Exposições Redwood August 18, 1981 [101]
Cambará do Sul   Brazil St. Joseph Central Square Redwood September 26, 1982 [102]

Artemis Moon Tree Locations

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Distribution of Artemis moon trees began in the spring of 2024.[103]

United States

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City State Location Species Date planted Ref.
Raleigh   North Carolina North Carolina Executive Mansion Loblolly Pine 24 April 2024 [104]
Mount Gilead   North Carolina Mount Gilead Community Garden Loblolly Pine 03 June 2024 [105]
New Canaan   Connecticut South Elementary School Sycamore 27 April 2024 [106]
Shelbyville   Kentucky Collins High School Sycamore or Sweetgum 10 May 2024 [107][108]
New Paltz   New York SUNY Campus Sweetgum 23 May 2024 [109][110]
Manchester   New Hampshire Barnstead Elementary School Sycamore 24 May 2024 [111]
Tecumseh   Kansas Tecumseh South Elementary School Sweetgum 28 May 2024 [112][113]
Cedar Rapids   Iowa Metro High School Sycamore 30 May 2024 [114]
Washington, D.C.   District of Columbia U.S. Capital Building grounds Sweetgum 4 June 2024 [115]
Menomonie   Wisconsin Rassbach Museum Sycamore June 2024 [116]
Green Cove Springs   Florida UF IFAS Clay County Extension Office Loblolly Pine 22 August 2024 [117]
Pittsburgh   Pennsylvania Allegheny Observatory, Riverside Park Sweetgum 3 October 2024 [118]
Young Harris   Georgia Young Harris College Loblolly Pine 29 October 2024 [119]


See also

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References

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  1. ^ Kelly, John (23 September 2023). "In 1971, tree seeds orbited the moon. Now they grow on Earth". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  2. ^ "Race Against Time to Find Apollo 14's Lost Voyagers: 'Moon Trees'". Science Daily. February 10, 2011.
  3. ^ Black, Richard (19 July 2005). "Trees... from the Moon". BBC News.
  4. ^ "NASA, USDA Forest Service Fly Next Generation of Moon Tree Seeds on Artemis I". NASA. August 18, 2022. Retrieved September 13, 2022.
  5. ^ Williams, David R. (28 July 2009). "The "Moon Trees"". Goddard Space Flight Center. NASA. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
  6. ^ a b We Almost Forgot About the Moon Trees: A collection of tree seeds that went round and round the moon was scattered far and wide back home, by Marina Koren. The seeds orbited the Moon, but were not landed on it. The Atlantic, January 31, 2022.
  7. ^ The Mystery of the Missing Moon Trees: 15 years after NASA astronomer David Williams started searching for them, hundreds of trees grown from space-faring seeds are still missing. The moon trees, whose seeds circled the moon 34 times in Apollo 14 astronaut Stuart Roosa‘s pocket, were welcomed back to Earth with great fanfare in 1971. February 10, 2011, wired.com.
  8. ^ The "Moon Trees", official NASA website, accessed Feb 3, 2022.
  9. ^ Massey, Robert (2021-03-30). "Can you help us find the Moon Trees?". Royal Astronomical Society. Retrieved 2021-04-23.
  10. ^ Moon tree Planting ceremony, official website of Moon Tree Foundation, accessed February 3, 2022.
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