Melilotus indicus, sometimes incorrectly written Melilotus indica, is a yellow-flowered herb native to northern Africa, Europe and Asia, but naturalized throughout the rest of the world.
| Melilotus indicus | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Genus: | Melilotus |
| Species: | M. indicus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Melilotus indicus | |
| Varieties | |
|
M. indicus var. indicus | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Melilotus parviflorus Desf. | |
Common names in English include sweet clover (or sweet-clover), sour clover (sour-clover, sourclover), Indian sweet-clover, annual yellow sweetclover, Bokhara clover, small-flowered sweet clover, common melilot, small-flowered melilot, small melilot, sweet melilot, Californian lucerne and Hexham scent. In Australia and New Zealand, where it is naturalised, it is sometimes called King Island melilot or King Island clover.[1][2][3]
Description
editIt is an annual or biennial herb from 10 to 50 centimetres (3.9 to 19.7 inches) in height (rarely to one metre), with trifoliate leaves and small yellow flowers borne in dense racemes.[4] Similar to Melilotus altissima Thuill. in general. The flowers are 2 – 3 mm long and produce a hairless pod of similar length.[5] Its leaves have a sweet, cloying scent when crushed.
Taxonomy
editIt was first published as Trifolium indicum by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 Species plantarum. It was transferred into Melilotus by Carlo Allioni in 1785.[6]
Distribution and habitat
editIt has a wide native distribution, ranging from Macaronesia and northern Africa, through Europe, and into temperate and tropical Asia. It is naturalised throughout most of the rest of the world, including the United Kingdom, the United States, South America, Australia and New Zealand.[1]
Uses and economic importance
editIt is used as a source of nectar for bees, as forage, and as a soil improver. It is also used in folk medicine. It is poisonous to some mammals, and is a potential seed crop contaminant.[1]
In Pakistan, Melilotus indicus is called sinji, which is used as a vegetable. It has many medicinal uses. It has antioxidant properties [1]. It also has alpha-amylase inhibitory activities [2], because of which it may be useful for type 2 diabetes.
By 1907, it was in use at King Island for cattle fodder, explaining its Australian name.[7]
References
edit- ^ a b c "Melilotus indicus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.
- ^ "Melilotus". Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database. University of Melbourne. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
- ^ "Melilotus indicus". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
- ^ "Melilotus indicus (L.) All". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
- ^ Webb, D.A., Parnell, J. and Doogue, D. 1996. An Irish Flora. Dundalgan Press Ltd., Dundalk. ISBN 0-85221-131-7
- ^ "Melilotus indicus (L.) All". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
- ^ "Melilotus". The Port Augusta Dispatch, Newcastle And Flinders Chronicle. 8 March 1907. p. 4 – via National Library of Australia.