List of directly imaged exoplanets
This is a list of extrasolar planets that have been directly observed, sorted by observed separations. This method works best for young planets that emit infrared light and are far from the glare of the star. Currently, this list includes both directly imaged planets and imaged planetary-mass companions (objects that orbit a star but formed through a binary-star-formation process, not a planet-formation process). This list does not include free-floating planetary-mass objects in star-forming regions or young associations, which are also referred to as rogue planets.
The data given for each planet is taken from the latest published paper on the planet to have that data. In many cases it is not possible to have an exact value, and an estimated range is instead provided. The coldest and oldest planet directly imaged is Epsilon Indi Ab, which has six times Jupiter's mass, an effective temperature of 275 K, and an age of about 3.5 Ga. This list includes the four members of the multi-planet system that orbit HR 8799.
It is unlikely or at least unclear if objects on a wide orbit (≥100 AU) formed in circumstellar disks and these objects are therefore more often referred as planetary-mass companions.[1][2][3] Only in rare cases, such as for HD 106906 b, the formation of the object in the disk is seen plausible.
Key
editExoplanets have been discovered using several different methods for collecting or combining direct images to isolate planets from the background light of their star. Non-Redundant Aperture Masking Interferometry is a method of combining the views of multiple telescopes into a single image, while the other methods are algorithms for combining multiple direct images taken from the same telescope.
- ADI = Angular Differential Imaging
- KLIP = Karhunen–Loève Image Processing
- LOCI = Locally Optimized Combination of Images
- NRM = Non-Redundant Aperture Masking Interferometry
- RSDI = Reference Star Differential Imaging
- SDI = Spectral Differential Imaging
- TLOCI = Template Locally Optimized Combination of Images
Exoplanets
editAlthough listed in the table below, the identities of Candidate 1, FW Tau b, 2MASS J044144 b, and HD 100546 b are disputed. They may not actually be true exoplanets. † There is no consensus whether these companions of stars should be considered sub-brown dwarfs or planets Check https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/imaging.html to see more directly imaged planets. It contains an updated table of all of them.
Star | Exoplanet | Image | Mass (MJ) | Radius (RJ) | Period (yr) | Observed separation (AU) | Eccentricity | Distance to Earth (ly) | Year of discovery | Imaging technique | Ref(s). |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WISE 0146+4234 | WISE 0146+4234 B† | 10 ±4 | 10 | 0.93+0.12 −0.16 |
63 | 2015 | Adoptive Imagint | ||||
WISE J0336-0143 | WISE J0336-0143 B† | 4-12.5 | 5-9 | 0.97+0.05 −0.09 |
33 | 2023 | source substraction | [4] | |||
Alpha Centauri A | Alpha Centauri Ab (?) | 0.11±0.05 | 0.459±0.17 | ~1 | 1.1 | 4.37 | 2021 | ||||
CFBDSIR J145829+101343 | CFBDSIR J145829+101343 b | 10.5±4.5 | 27.5±7.5 | 2.6±0.3 | 104 | 2011 | Direct imaging | ||||
HD 206893 | HD 206893 c | 12.7+1.2 −1.0 |
1.46+0.18 −0.06 |
5.7 | 3.53+0.08 −0.06 |
0.41±0.03 | 133 | 2023 | interferometry | [5] | |
HD 206893 B† | 28.0+2.2 −2.1 |
1.25±0.02 | 26 | 9.6+0.4 −0.3 |
0.14±0.05 | 2017 | ADI, PCA | [6][5] | |||
WISE 1217+1626 | WISE 1217+1626 A b | 22±2 | 0.934±0.029 | 130-210 | 8.0±1.3 | 30.4 | 2012 | Direct imaging | [7] | ||
AF Leporis | AF Lep b | 2-5.5 | 20.6 | 8 | 0.47 | 87 | 2023 | Direct imaging | [8][9][10] | ||
Beta Pictoris | Beta Pictoris b | 12.7±0.3 | 1.46±0.01[11] | 22.47+3.77 −2.26 |
9 | 0.08+0.09 −0.05 |
63.4±0.1 | 2008 | RSDI | [12][13][14][15] | |
LP 852-7 | WD 1202–232 b | 1-7 | 50 | 11.47 | 34 | 2024 (unconfirmed) | PSF-substraction | [16] | |||
51 Eridani | 51 Eridani b | 2.6 | 1.0 | ? | 13 | ? | 96 | 2014 | ADI, KLIP | [17] | |
WISE 1711+3500 | WISE 1711+3500 B | 8.7-22 | 280-430 | 15±2 | 62 | 2012 | laser AO | [7] | |||
HR 8799 | HR 8799 e | 7.0 | 1.3 | 49 | 14.5 | 0.14 | 128 | 2010 | ADI, LOCI | ||
HR 8799 d | 7.0 | 1.3 | 100 | 24.5 | 0.09 | 128 | 2008 | ADI, LOCI | |||
HR 8799 c | 7.0 | 1.3 | 189 | 37.4 | 0.24 | 128 | 2008 | ADI, LOCI | |||
HR 8799 b | 5.0 | 1.2 | 474 | 69.2 | 0.17 | 128 | 2008 | ADI, LOCI | |||
2M J044144 | 2M J044144 b† | 5–10 | 15 | 456 | 2010 | Direct imaging | |||||
29 Cygni | HIP 99770 b | 13.9-16.1 | 1.05 | 51.0 | 16.9 | 0.25 | 130.9 | 2022 | ALOCI | [18] | |
HIP 21152 | HIP 21152 b | 24+6 −4 |
60.3 | 17+5 −4 |
0.36+0.37 −0.25 |
141 | 2022 | Direct imaging | [19] | ||
HR 2562 | HR 2562 b | 8-18.5 | 1.11±0.11 | 20.3±0.3 | 111 | 2016 | Direct imaging | [20] | |||
PDS 70 | PDS 70 b | ? | ? | 21 | 370 | 2018 | ADI, TLOCI | ||||
PDS 70 c | ? | ? | 35 | 370 | 2019 | SDI | |||||
HIP 81208 C | HIP 81208 Cb† | 14.8±0.4 | ~285 | 23 | 485 | 2023 | [21] | ||||
PZ Telescopii | PZ Telescopii b | 27+25 −9 |
120.5 | 27+14 −4 |
0.52+0.36 −0.32 |
154 | 2010 | Direct imaging, radial velocity | |||
Epsilon Indi A | Epsilon Indi Ab | 5.75-6.91 | 173.6 | 28.4+10 −7.2 |
0.40 | 12 | 2018 (RV), 2024 (images) | coronagraphic images | [22] | ||
LAWD 83 | WD 2105–82 b | 1-2 | 243 | 34.62 | 52.7 | 2024 (unconfirmed) | PSF-substraction | [16] | |||
HD 169142 | HD 169142 b | 1-4 | 37.2 | 115 | 2019/2023 | pseudo-ADI, PDI, ASDI, ADI | [23][24] | ||||
2M1207 | 2M1207b † | 4.2 | 1.5 | 1620 | 40.6 | 0.37 | 170 | 2004 | Direct imaging | ||
59 Virginis | Gliese 504 b† | 4+4.5 −1 |
0.96 | 43.5 | 57.27 | 2013 | ADI, LOCI | ||||
2MASS J01225093-2439505 | 2MASS J01225093-2439505 b | 24.5±2.5 | 1.0 | 52 | 110 | 2013 | Direct imaging | ||||
KR Muscae | HD 100546 b | 8.50±4.00 | 6.9+2.7 −2.9 |
53±2 | 353 | 2014 | Direct imaging | ||||
Kappa Andromedae | Kappa Andromedae b | 13+12 −2 |
? | 242–900 | 55 | 0.69–0.85 | 168.0 | 2013 | ADI, LOCI | ||
HD 95086 | HD 95086 b | 5.0 | ? | ? | 56 | ? | 295 | 2013 | ADI, LOCI | ||
Delorme 1 (AB) | Delorme 1 (AB) b† | 12-14 | 84 | 154 | 2013 | AO | [25][26] | ||||
HIP 65426 | HIP 65426 b | 6-12 | 1.5 | 600 | 92 | 363 | 2017 | ADI, TLOCI | [27][28] | ||
AB Aurigae | AB Aurigae b | 9-12 | 2.75 | ? | 93 | 0.19-0.60 | 508 | 2022 | ADI/RSDI, ALOCI | [29] | |
MWC 758 | MWC 758 c | 100 | 508 | 2023 | Direct imaging | ||||||
GQ Lupi | GQ Lupi b | 1–36 | 3 | 100 | 495 | 2004 | Direct imaging | ||||
VHS 1256-1257 | VHS 1256 b † | 11.2 | 3900 | 102 | 40 | 2015 | Direct imaging | ||||
YSES 2 | YSES 2 b | 6.3+1.6 −0.9 |
115 | 359 | 2021 | reference star image substraction | [30] | ||||
2MASS J04372171+2651014 | 2M0437 b | 3-5 | 118 | 418 | 2021 | AO | [31] | ||||
ROXs 42B | ROXs 42Bb | 9±3 | 2.83±0.01 | 1968.3 | 157 | Unknown | 440±16 | 2013 | Direct imaging | [32] | |
2MASS J02192210-3925225 | 2MASS J02192210-3925225 b | 13.9±1.1 | 1.44±0.03 | 160 | 131 | 2015 | Direct imaging | [33] | |||
TYC 8998-760-1 | TYC 8998-760-1 b † | 14±3 | 160 | 309 | 2020 | imaging + coronagraph | [34] | ||||
TYC 8998-760-1 c | 6±1 | 320 | 2020 | [35] | |||||||
NIRISS-NGC1333-10 | NIRISS-NGC1333-10 B | ~15 | 164 | 978 | 2024 | direct imaging +slitless spectroscopy | [36] | ||||
CFHTWIR-Oph 98 | CFHTWIR-Oph 98 b | 7.8+0.7 −0.8 |
1.86±0.05 | ~22000 | 200±6 | 447 | 2021 | Direct imaging | |||
CHXR 73 | CHXR 73 b | 12.569+8.379 −5.237 |
210 | 620 | 2006 | Direct imaging | |||||
ROXs 12 | ROXs 12 b | 16±4 | 214 | 0.83 | 452 | 2013 | Direct imaging | ||||
2MASS J22362452+4751425 | 2M2236+4751 b† | 11-14 | 230 | 205 | 2017 | AO | [37] | ||||
Mu2 Scorpii | Mu2 Scorpii b†l | 14.4±0.8 | 242.4 | 0.56 | 474 | 2022 | Direct imaging | ||||
Ophiuchi 11 | Ophiuchi 11 b | 21±3 | 20,000 | 243±55 | 400 | 2006 | Direct imaging | ||||
AB Pictoris | AB Pictoris b† | 10±1[38] | 1.75 | 260 | 164 | 2005 | imaging+ coronagraph | [39][40] | |||
GSC 6214-00210 | GSC 6214-00210 b† | 14 ± 2 | 320 | 355 | 2008/2011 | [41] | |||||
FW Tauri | FW Tauri b† | 10±4
or star[42] |
? | ~12,000[43] | 330 | ? | 472.93[44] | 2013 | Direct imaging | [45][46] | |
DH Tauri | DH Tauri b† | 11±3 | 2.7±0.8 | 330 | 441 | 2005/2014 | Coronagraph, AO | [47][48] | |||
1RXS J1609 | 1RXS 1609 b† | 8–14 | 1.7 | 6518 | 331.1 | 0.08 | 470 | 2008/2010 | Direct imaging | ||
HIP 79098 AB | HIP 79098 AB b | 20.5±4.5 | 345±6 | 500 | 2019 | Direct imaging | |||||
CT Chamaeleontis | CT Chamaeleontis b† | 17±6 | 2.20+0.81 −0.60 |
440 | 625 | 2007 | Direct imaging | ||||
HD 203030 | HD 203030 B | 11+4 −3 |
487 | 128 | 2006 | SDI | [49] | ||||
b Centauri | b Centauri b | 10.9±1.6 | 556 | 330 | 2021 | coronagraph+ classical angular differential imaging | [50] | ||||
HD 106906 | HD 106906 b† | 11±2 | ? | ? | 650 | ? | 300 | 2013 | ADI | ||
USco CTIO 108 | USco CTIO 108 b | 14+2 −8 |
670 | 473 | 2008 | Direct imaging | |||||
2MASS J23225240-6151114 | 2MASS J23225299-6151275 | 12.6-13.3[51] | 705 | 138.4 | 2014 | Direct imaging | [52][53] | ||||
HIP 78530 | HIP 78530 b | 23±1 | 740±60 | 446 | 2010 | Direct imaging | |||||
HN Pegasi | HN Pegasi b | 21.9987±9.42803 | 1.05066+0.136197 −0.0583702 |
773±13 | 59 | 2006 | Direct imaging | ||||
FU Tauri | FU Tauri b | 16 | 800 | 429 | 2008 | Direct imaging | |||||
SR 12 | SR 12(AB) c† | 11 | 980 | 337 | 2011 | [2] | |||||
2MASS J05581644–4501559 | 0558 B | 6-12 | 1,043 | 88 | 2024 | Direct imaging | [54] | ||||
DT Virginis | Ross 458(AB) c† | 8.5 | 1.8 | 33,081 | 1,167.7 | 0.17 | 38[55] | 2011 | Direct imaging | ||
BD+60 1417 | BD+60 1417b† | 13.47±5.67 | 1.31±0.06 | 1,662 | 144±13 | 2021 | Direct imaging | [56] | |||
SE 70 | S Ori 68 | 5 | 1,700 | 1,290 | 2006 | Direct imaging | [57] | ||||
UPM J1040-3551 | CWISE J104053.42–355029.7 | 3 or 31 | 1,700 | 82.5 | 2024 | Direct imaging | [58][59] | ||||
2MASS J0249-0557AB | 2MASS J0249-0557c† | 11.6+1.3 −1.0 |
1,950 | 159 | 2018 | Direct imaging | [3] | ||||
GU Piscium | GU Piscium b† | 11±2 | 163,000 | 2,000 | 155 | 2014 | Direct imaging | ||||
LOri 167 | LOri 167B | 8+5 −1 |
2,000 | 1,300 | 2007 | Direct imaging | [60] | ||||
GSC 00568-01752 | SDSS J2249+0044AB | 12.5±0.2 (for single object) | 2264 | 146.7 | 2010/2024 | Direct imaging | [61][62][51] | ||||
WD 0806-661 | WD 0806-661 B† | 7–9 | ? | ? | 2,500 | ? | 62 | 2011 | Direct imaging | ||
USco1621 A | USco1621 b | 16±2 | 2,880±20 | 452 | 2019 | Direct imaging | [63] | ||||
USco1556 A | USco1556 b | 15±2 | 3,500±40 | 461 | 2019 | Direct imaging | [63] | ||||
L 34-26 | COCONUTS-2b† | 6.3+1.5 −1.9 |
1.1±0.03 | ~1,100,000 | 6,471 | 35.51±0.01 | 2021/2011 | Direct imaging | [64] | ||
TYC 9486-927-1 | 2MASS J2126–8140 | 13.3±1.7 | ? | ~900,000 | 6,684 | ? | 80.72±13.86 | 2016/2006 | Direct imaging | [65] | |
GJ 900 | CW2335+0142 | 10.5 | 12,000 | 68 | 2024 | Direct imaging | [58] | ||||
BD+29 5007 | 2MASS J2351+3010 | 11.9+0.40 −0.20 |
22,106 | 77.12 | 2015 (age+mass)/ 2016 (co-movement)/ 2024 (both) | Direct imaging | [66][67][62][51] |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Bowler BP (1 October 2016). "Imaging Extrasolar Giant Planets". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 128 (968): 102001. arXiv:1605.02731. Bibcode:2016PASP..128j2001B. doi:10.1088/1538-3873/128/968/102001. ISSN 0004-6280.
- ^ a b Wu YL, Bowler BP, Sheehan PD, Close LM, Eisner JA, Best WM, et al. (1 May 2022). "ALMA Discovery of a Disk around the Planetary-mass Companion SR 12 c". The Astrophysical Journal. 930 (1): L3. arXiv:2204.06013. Bibcode:2022ApJ...930L...3W. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac6420. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ^ a b Dupuy TJ, Liu MC, Allers KN, Biller BA, Kratter KM, Mann AW, et al. (1 August 2018). "The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. III. 2MASS J0249-0557 c: A Wide Planetary-mass Companion to a Low-mass Binary in the β Pic Moving Group". The Astronomical Journal. 156 (2): 57. arXiv:1807.05235. Bibcode:2018AJ....156...57D. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aacbc2. ISSN 0004-6256.
- ^ Calissendorff P, De Furio M, Meyer M, Albert L, Aganze C, Ali-Dib M, et al. (1 April 2023). "JWST/NIRCam Discovery of the First Y+Y Brown Dwarf Binary: WISE J033605.05-014350.4". The Astrophysical Journal. 947 (2): L30. arXiv:2303.16923. Bibcode:2023ApJ...947L..30C. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acc86d. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ^ a b Hinkley S, Lacour S, Marleau GD, Lagrange AM, Wang JJ, Kammerer J, et al. (1 March 2023). "Direct discovery of the inner exoplanet in the HD 206893 system. Evidence for deuterium burning in a planetary-mass companion". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 671: L5. arXiv:2208.04867. Bibcode:2023A&A...671L...5H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244727. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ Milli J, Hibon P, Christiaens V, Choquet É, Bonnefoy M, Kennedy GM, et al. (1 January 2017). "Discovery of a low-mass companion inside the debris ring surrounding the F5V star HD 206893". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 597: L2. arXiv:1612.00333. Bibcode:2017A&A...597L...2M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629908. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ a b Liu MC, Dupuy TJ, Bowler BP, Leggett SK, Best WM (1 October 2012). "Two Extraordinary Substellar Binaries at the T/Y Transition and the Y-band Fluxes of the Coolest Brown Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 758 (1): 57. arXiv:1206.4044. Bibcode:2012ApJ...758...57L. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/758/1/57. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ^ Franson K, Bowler BP, Zhou Y, Pearce TD, Bardalez Gagliuffi DC, Biddle LI, et al. (2023). "Astrometric Accelerations as Dynamical Beacons: A Giant Planet Imaged inside the Debris Disk of the Young Star AF Lep". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 950 (2). American Astronomical Society: L19. arXiv:2302.05420. Bibcode:2023ApJ...950L..19F. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acd6f6. S2CID 256808203.
- ^ Mesa D, Gratton R, Kervella P, Bonavita M, Desidera S, D'Orazi V, et al. (13 February 2023). "AF Lep b: The lowest-mass planet detected by coupling astrometric and direct imaging data". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 672: A93. arXiv:2302.06213. Bibcode:2023A&A...672A..93M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202345865.
- ^ De Rosa RJ, Nielsen EL, Wahhaj Z, Ruffio JB, Kalas PG, Peck AE, et al. (13 February 2023). "Direct imaging discovery of a super-Jovian around the young Sun-like star AF Leporis". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 672: A94. arXiv:2302.06332. Bibcode:2023A&A...672A..94D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202345877.
- ^ Chilcote J, Pueyo L, Rosa RJ, Vargas J, MacIntosh B, Bailey VP, et al. (2017). "1–2.4μm Near-IR Spectrum of the Giant Planet β Pictoris b Obtained with the Gemini Planet Imager". The Astronomical Journal. 153 (4). 182. arXiv:1703.00011. Bibcode:2017AJ....153..182C. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa63e9. S2CID 23669676.
- ^ Wang JJ, Graham JR, Pueyo L, Kalas P, Millar-Blanchaer MA, Ruffio JB, et al. (1 October 2016). "The Orbit and Transit Prospects for β Pictoris b Constrained With One Milliarcsecond Astrometry". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (4): 97. arXiv:1607.05272. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...97W. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/4/97. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 119181273.
- ^ Bonnefoy M, Marleau GD, Galicher R, Beust H, Lagrange AM, Baudino JL, et al. (July 2014). "Physical and orbital properties of β Pictoris b". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 567: L9. arXiv:1407.4001. Bibcode:2014A&A...567L...9B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201424041. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 55863534.
- ^ Currie T, Burrows A, Madhusudhan N, Fukagawa M, Girard JH, Dawson R, et al. (2013). "A Combined Very Large Telescope and Gemini Study of the Atmosphere of the Directly Imaged Planet, β Pictoris b". The Astrophysical Journal. 776 (1): 15. arXiv:1306.0610. Bibcode:2013ApJ...776...15C. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/776/1/15. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 118825345.
- ^ Morzinski KM, Males JR, Skemer AJ, Close LM, Hinz PM, Rodigas TJ, et al. (15 December 2015). "Magellan Adaptive Optics First-Light Observations of the Exoplanet β PIC b. II. 3–5 μ m Direct Imaging With MagAO+Clio, and the Empirical Bolometric Luminosity of a Self-Luminous Giant Planet". The Astrophysical Journal. 815 (2): 108. arXiv:1511.02894. Bibcode:2015ApJ...815..108M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/815/2/108. ISSN 1538-4357. S2CID 118559024.
- ^ a b Mullally SE, Debes J, Cracraft M, Mullally F, Poulsen S, Albert L, et al. (24 January 2024). "JWST Directly Images Giant Planet Candidates Around Two Metal-Polluted White Dwarf Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 962 (2): L32. arXiv:2401.13153. Bibcode:2024ApJ...962L..32M. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad2348.
- ^ Macintosh B, Graham JR, Barman T, De Rosa RJ, Konopacky Q, Marley MS, et al. (2 October 2015). "Discovery and spectroscopy of the young jovian planet 51 Eri b with the Gemini Planet Imager". Science. 350 (6256): 64–67. arXiv:1508.03084. Bibcode:2015Sci...350...64M. doi:10.1126/science.aac5891. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 26272904. S2CID 8177945.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: overridden setting (link) - ^ Currie T, Brandt GM, Brandt TD, Lacy B, Burrows A, Guyon O, et al. (2023), "Direct imaging and astrometric detection of a gas giant planet orbiting an accelerating star", Science, 380 (6641): 198–203, arXiv:2212.00034, Bibcode:2023Sci...380..198C, doi:10.1126/science.abo6192, PMID 37053312
- ^ Kuzuhara M, Currie T, Takarada T, Brandt TD, Sato B, Uyama T, et al. (1 August 2022). "Direct-imaging Discovery and Dynamical Mass of a Substellar Companion Orbiting an Accelerating Hyades Sun-like Star with SCExAO/CHARIS". The Astrophysical Journal. 934 (2): L18. arXiv:2205.02729. Bibcode:2022ApJ...934L..18K. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac772f. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ^ Godoy N, Choquet E, Serabyn E, Danielski C, Stolker T, Charnay B, et al. (6 September 2024), A new atmospheric characterization of the sub-stellar companion HR\,2562\,B with JWST/MIRI observations, arXiv:2409.04524
- ^ Chomez A, Squicciarini V, Lagrange AM, Delorme P, Viswanath G, Janson M, et al. (1 August 2023). "An imaged 15 MJup companion within a hierarchical quadruple system". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 676: L10. arXiv:2307.01195. Bibcode:2023A&A...676L..10C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347044. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ [email protected]. "Webb images cold exoplanet 12 light-years away | ESA/Webb". esawebb.org. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ^ Gratton R, Ligi R, Sissa E, Desidera S, Mesa D, Bonnefoy M, et al. (1 March 2019). "Blobs, spiral arms, and a possible planet around HD 169142". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 623: A140. arXiv:1901.06555. Bibcode:2019A&A...623A.140G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834760. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ Hammond I, Christiaens V, Price DJ, Toci C, Pinte C, Juillard S, et al. (1 March 2023). "Confirmation and keplerian motion of the gap-carving protoplanet HD 169142 b". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 522 (1): L51–L55. arXiv:2302.11302. Bibcode:2023MNRAS.522L..51H. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slad027. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ^ Delorme P, Gagné J, Girard JH, Lagrange AM, Chauvin G, Naud ME, et al. (1 May 2013). "Direct-imaging discovery of a 12-14 Jupiter-mass object orbiting a young binary system of very low-mass stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 553: L5. arXiv:1303.4525. Bibcode:2013A&A...553L...5D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321169. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ Eriksson SC, Asensio Torres R, Janson M, Aoyama Y, Marleau GD, Bonnefoy M, et al. (1 June 2020). "Strong Halpha emission and signs of accretion in a circumbinary planetary mass companion from MUSE". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 638: L6. arXiv:2005.11725. Bibcode:2020A&A...638L...6E. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038131. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 218870278.
- ^ "ESO's SPHERE Unveils its First Exoplanet". www.eso.org. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
- ^ Chauvin G, Desidera S, Lagrange AM, Vigan A, Gratton R, Langlois M, et al. (September 2017). "Discovery of a warm, dusty giant planet around HIP 65426". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 605: L9. arXiv:1707.01413. Bibcode:2017A&A...605L...9C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731152. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 102344893.
- ^ Currie T, Lawson K, Schneider G, Lyra W, Wisniewski J, Grady C, et al. (4 April 2022). "Images of embedded Jovian planet formation at a wide separation around AB Aurigae". Nature Astronomy. 6 (6). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 751–759. arXiv:2204.00633. Bibcode:2022NatAs...6..751C. doi:10.1038/s41550-022-01634-x. ISSN 2397-3366. S2CID 247940163.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: overridden setting (link) - ^ Bohn AJ, Ginski C, Kenworthy MA, Mamajek EE, Pecaut MJ, Mugrauer M, et al. (1 April 2021). "Discovery of a directly imaged planet to the young solar analog YSES 2". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 648: A73. arXiv:2104.08285. Bibcode:2021A&A...648A..73B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140508. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ Gaidos E, Hirano T, Kraus AL, Kuzuhara M, Zhang Z, Lee RA, et al. (1 May 2022). "Zodiacal exoplanets in time (ZEIT) XII: a directly imaged planetary-mass companion to a young Taurus M dwarf star". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 512 (1): 583–601. arXiv:2110.08655. Bibcode:2022MNRAS.512..583G. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3069. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ^ Currie T, Daemgen S, Debes J, Lafreniere D, Itoh Y, Jayawardhana R, et al. (2014). "Direct Imaging and Spectroscopy of a Candidate Companion Below/Near the Deuterium-Burning Limit In The Young Binary Star System, ROXs 42B". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 780 (2): 30. arXiv:1310.4825. Bibcode:2014ApJ...780L..30C. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/780/2/L30. S2CID 118464822.
- ^ Artigau É, Gagné J, Faherty J, Malo L, Naud ME, Doyon R, et al. (1 June 2015). "BANYAN. VI. Discovery of a Companion at the Brown Dwarf/Planet-Mass Limit to a Tucana-Horologium M Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 806 (2): 254. arXiv:1505.01747. Bibcode:2015ApJ...806..254A. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/254. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ^ Bohn AJ, Kenworthy MA, Ginski C, Manara CF, Pecaut MJ, de Boer J, et al. (1 February 2020). "The Young Suns Exoplanet Survey: Detection of a wide-orbit planetary-mass companion to a solar-type Sco-Cen member". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 492 (1): 431–443. arXiv:1912.04284. Bibcode:2020MNRAS.492..431B. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3462. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ^ Bohn AJ, Kenworthy MA, Ginski C, Rieder S, Mamajek EE, Meshkat T, et al. (1 July 2020). "Two Directly Imaged, Wide-orbit Giant Planets around the Young, Solar Analog TYC 8998-760-1". The Astrophysical Journal. 898 (1): L16. arXiv:2007.10991. Bibcode:2020ApJ...898L..16B. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aba27e. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ^ Langeveld AB, Scholz A, Mužić K, Jayawardhana R, Capela D, Albert L, et al. (22 August 2024). "The JWST/NIRISS Deep Spectroscopic Survey for Young Brown Dwarfs and Free-Floating Planets". AJ. 168 (4): 179. arXiv:2408.12639. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad6f0c.
- ^ Bowler BP, Liu MC, Mawet D, Ngo H, Malo L, Mace GN, et al. (1 January 2017). "Planets around Low-mass Stars (PALMS). VI. Discovery of a Remarkably Red Planetary-mass Companion to the AB Dor Moving Group Candidate 2MASS J22362452+4751425*". The Astronomical Journal. 153 (1): 18. arXiv:1611.00364. Bibcode:2017AJ....153...18B. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/153/1/18. ISSN 0004-6256.
- ^ Palma-Bifani P, Chauvin G, Bonnefoy M, Rojo PM, Petrus S, Rodet L, et al. (2023). "Peering into the young planetary system AB Pic". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 670: A90. arXiv:2211.01474. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244294.
- ^ Chauvin G, Lagrange AM, Zuckerman B, Dumas C, Mouillet D, Song I, et al. (1 August 2005). "A companion to AB Pic at the planet/brown dwarf boundary". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 438 (3): L29–L32. arXiv:astro-ph/0504658. Bibcode:2005A&A...438L..29C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200500111. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ Bonnefoy M, Chauvin G, Lagrange AM, Rojo P, Allard F, Pinte C, et al. (1 February 2014). "A library of near-infrared integral field spectra of young M-L dwarfs". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 562: A127. arXiv:1306.3709. Bibcode:2014A&A...562A.127B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118270. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ Bowler BP, Liu MC, Kraus AL, Mann AW, Ireland MJ (1 December 2011). "A Disk around the Planetary-mass Companion GSC 06214-00210 b: Clues about the Formation of Gas Giants on Wide Orbits". The Astrophysical Journal. 743 (2): 148. arXiv:1109.5693. Bibcode:2011ApJ...743..148B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/743/2/148. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ^ Mora A, Wu YL, Bowler BP, Sheehan P (1 January 2020). "Measuring the Mass of the Faint Companion to FW Tau with ALMA". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 4 (1): 9. Bibcode:2020RNAAS...4....9M. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ab6852. ISSN 2515-5172.
- ^ "Planet FW Tau b.". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
- ^ "FW Tauri". Universe Guide. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
- ^ Wu YL, Sheehan PD (8 September 2017). "An ALMA Dynamical Mass Estimate of the Proposed Planetary-mass Companion FW Tau C". The Astrophysical Journal. 846 (2): L26. arXiv:1708.08122. Bibcode:2017ApJ...846L..26W. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa8771. hdl:10150/625808. ISSN 2041-8213.
- ^ Mora A, Wu YL, Bowler BP, Sheehan P (8 January 2020). "Measuring the Mass of the Faint Companion to FW Tau with ALMA". Research Notes of the AAS. 4 (1): 9. Bibcode:2020RNAAS...4....9M. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ab6852. ISSN 2515-5172.
- ^ Itoh Y, Hayashi M, Tamura M, Tsuji T, Oasa Y, Fukagawa M, et al. (1 February 2005). "A Young Brown Dwarf Companion to DH Tauri". The Astrophysical Journal. 620 (2): 984–993. arXiv:astro-ph/0411177. Bibcode:2005ApJ...620..984I. doi:10.1086/427086. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 53632705.
- ^ Zhou Y, Herczeg GJ, Kraus AL, Metchev S, Cruz KL (1 March 2014). "Accretion onto Planetary Mass Companions of Low-mass Young Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 783 (1): L17. arXiv:1401.6545. Bibcode:2014ApJ...783L..17Z. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/783/1/L17. hdl:2152/43090. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ^ Miles-Páez PA, Metchev S, Luhman KL, Marengo M, Hulsebus A (2017). "The Prototypical Young L/T-Transition Dwarf HD 203030B Likely Has Planetary Mass". The Astronomical Journal. 154 (6): 262. arXiv:1710.11274. Bibcode:2017AJ....154..262M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa9711. S2CID 67821107.
- ^ Janson M, Gratton R, Rodet L, Vigan A, Bonnefoy M, Delorme P, et al. (1 December 2021). "A wide-orbit giant planet in the high-mass b Centauri binary system". Nature. 600 (7888): 231–234. arXiv:2112.04833. Bibcode:2021Natur.600..231J. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04124-8. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 34880428. S2CID 245005994.
- ^ a b c Baig S (13 August 2024). "The Ultracool Dwarf Companion catalouge". Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.13312178.
- ^ Gagné J, Lafrenière D, Doyon R, Malo L, Artigau É (1 March 2014). "BANYAN. II. Very Low Mass and Substellar Candidate Members to Nearby, Young Kinematic Groups with Previously Known Signs of Youth". The Astrophysical Journal. 783 (2): 121. arXiv:1312.5864. Bibcode:2014ApJ...783..121G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/783/2/121. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ^ Calissendorff P, Janson M, Asensio-Torres R, Köhler R (1 July 2019). "Spectral characterization of newly detected young substellar binaries with SINFONI". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 627: A167. arXiv:1906.05871. Bibcode:2019A&A...627A.167C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935319. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ Marocco F, Kirkpatrick JD, Schneider AC, Meisner AM, Popinchalk M, Gelino CR, et al. (22 April 2024). "Thirteen New M Dwarf + T Dwarf Pairs Identified with WISE/NEOWISE". The Astrophysical Journal. 967 (2): 147. arXiv:2404.14324. Bibcode:2024ApJ...967..147M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad3f1d.
- ^ "Ross 458(AB) c". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
- ^ Faherty JK, Gagné J, Popinchalk M, Vos JM, Burgasser AJ, Schümann J, et al. (1 December 2021). "A Wide Planetary Mass Companion Discovered through the Citizen Science Project Backyard Worlds: Planet 9". The Astrophysical Journal. 923 (1): 48. arXiv:2112.04678. Bibcode:2021ApJ...923...48F. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac2499. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 245005964.
- ^ Caballero JA, Martín EL, Dobbie PD, Barrado Y Navascués D (1 December 2006). "Are isolated planetary-mass objects really isolated?. A brown dwarf-exoplanet system candidate in the σ Orionis cluster". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 460 (2): 635–640. arXiv:astro-ph/0608659. Bibcode:2006A&A...460..635C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20066162. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ a b Rothermich A, Faherty JK, Bardalez-Gagliuffi D, Schneider AC, Kirkpatrick JD, Meisner AM, et al. (7 March 2024). "89 New Ultracool Dwarf Co-Moving Companions Identified With The Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project". AJ. 167 (6): 253. arXiv:2403.04592. Bibcode:2024AJ....167..253R. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad324e.
- ^ Leggett SK, Tremblin P (5 November 2024). "Redshifting the Study of Cold Brown Dwarfs and Exoplanets: the Mid-Infrared Wavelength Region as an Indicator of Surface Gravity and Mass". arXiv:2411.03549 [astro-ph].
- ^ Barrado Y Navascués D, Bayo A, Morales-Calderón M, Huélamo N, Stauffer JR, Bouy H (1 June 2007). "The young, wide and very low mass visual binary Lambda Orionis 167". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 468 (1): L5–L8. arXiv:0704.2469. Bibcode:2007A&A...468L...5B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077258. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ Allers KN, Liu MC, Dupuy TJ, Cushing MC (1 May 2010). "Discovery of A Young L Dwarf Binary, SDSS J224953.47+004404.6AB". The Astrophysical Journal. 715 (1): 561–571. arXiv:0912.4687. Bibcode:2010ApJ...715..561A. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/715/1/561. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ^ a b Baig S, Smart RL, Jones HR, Gagné J, Pinfield DJ, Cheng G, et al. (13 August 2024). "The Gaia Ultracool Dwarf Sample -- V: The Ultracool Dwarf Companion catalogue". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 533 (4): 3784–3810. arXiv:2408.07024. Bibcode:2024MNRAS.533.3784B. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae2005.
- ^ a b Chinchilla P, Béjar VJ, Lodieu N, Gauza B, Zapatero Osorio MR, Rebolo R, et al. (1 January 2020). "USco1621 B and USco1556 B: Two wide companions at the deuterium-burning mass limit in Upper Scorpius". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 633: A152. arXiv:1912.04150. Bibcode:2020A&A...633A.152C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936130. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ Zhang Z, Liu MC, Claytor ZR, Best WM, Dupuy TJ, Siverd RJ (1 August 2021). "The Second Discovery from the COol Companions ON Ultrawide orbiTS (COCONUTS) Program: A Cold Wide-Orbit Exoplanet around a Young Field M Dwarf at 10.9 pc". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 916 (2): L11. arXiv:2107.02805. Bibcode:2021ApJ...916L..11Z. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac1123. hdl:20.500.11820/4f26e8e5-5d42-4259-bc20-fcb093d664b6. ISSN 2041-8205. S2CID 236464073.
- ^ Deacon NR, Schlieder JE, Murphy SJ (23 February 2016). "A nearby young M dwarf with a wide, possibly planetary-mass companion". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 457 (3): 3191–3199. arXiv:1601.06162. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.457.3191D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw172. hdl:2299/17156. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 18220333.
- ^ Gagné J, Faherty JK, Cruz KL, Lafreniére D, Doyon R, Malo L, et al. (1 August 2015). "BANYAN. VII. A New Population of Young Substellar Candidate Members of Nearby Moving Groups from the BASS Survey". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 219 (2): 33. arXiv:1506.07712. Bibcode:2015ApJS..219...33G. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/219/2/33. ISSN 0067-0049.
- ^ Kirkpatrick JD, Kellogg K, Schneider AC, Fajardo-Acosta S, Cushing MC, Greco J, et al. (1 June 2016). "The AllWISE Motion Survey, Part 2". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 224 (2): 36. arXiv:1603.08040. Bibcode:2016ApJS..224...36K. doi:10.3847/0067-0049/224/2/36. ISSN 0067-0049.
External links
edit- "Candidates detected by imaging". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. 1995. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
- "Exoplanets Data Explorer". Retrieved 2 March 2011.
- https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1624a/ - Retrieved 2016-06-16