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Löwenstein-Wertheim

Löwenstein-Wertheim was a county of the Holy Roman Empire, part of the Franconian Circle. It was formed from the counties of Löwenstein (based in the town of Löwenstein) and Wertheim (based in the town of Wertheim am Main) and from 1488 until 1806 ruled by the House of Löwenstein-Wertheim who are morganatic descendants (and the most senior line) of the Palatinate branch of the House of Wittelsbach.

Arms of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg
Arms of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg

History

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Louis I, Count of Löwenstein (1494–1524), morganatic son of Frederick I, Elector Palatine

The County of Löwenstein belonged to a branch of the family of the counts of Calw before 1281, when it was purchased by the German King Rudolph I of Habsburg, who presented it to his natural son Albert. In 1441 Henry, one of Albert's descendants, sold it to Frederick I, Count Palatine of the Rhine, head of the Palatine branch of the House of Wittelsbach, and later it served as a portion for Louis (1494-1524), a son of the elector by a morganatic marriage, who became a count of the Empire in 1494.[1] Louis obtained Löwenstein in Swabia and received from Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor the title of Count of Löwenstein.[citation needed]

The family lost Löwenstein to Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg, but Louis III, Count of Löwenstein, through his marriage to Anna, heiress of the Count of Wertheim, obtained that territory.[citation needed] Louis III left two sons: Christopher Louis, a Lutheran, and John Dietrich, who remained a Catholic, so the family was divided in two: Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg, a Lutheran branch, and Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, a Catholic one. The heads of the two branches, into which the older and Protestant line was afterwards divided, were made princes by the king of Bavaria in 1812 and by the king of Württemberg in 1813; the head of the younger, or Roman Catholic line, was made a prince of the Empire in 1711.[1]

With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806,[1] the county was mediatized and its territory was split among Bavaria, Baden, Württemberg, and Hesse. Under the protocol of Frankfurt on 20 July 1819 all the family lands were mediatised.[citation needed] The area of the County of Löwenstein was about 140 square kilometres (53 sq mi).[1]

The current monarchs of Belgium, Luxembourg, and Liechtenstein, as well as the pretenders to the thrones of Portugal, the Two Sicilies, Bavaria, and Austria-Hungary are descended (not in the male line) from the Rosenberg branch. Rupert zu Löwenstein, the longtime financial manager of the Rolling Stones, was a member of the Freudenberg branch.

Rulers of Löwenstein

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House of Löwenstein
 
Parent houseWittelsbach
CountryGermany
Founded1488
FounderLouis I
Current headAlois-Konstantin, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg
Final rulerDominic Constantine
Titles
  • Count of Löwenstein
  • Count of Löwenstein-Scharffeneck
  • Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim
  • Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg
  • Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort
  • Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort
  • Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg
  • Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg
Deposition1806
Cadet branches

Counts of Löwenstein (1494–1571)

 
Ruins of Löwenstein Castle

Counts of Löwenstein-Scharffeneck (1571–1633)

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  • Wolfgang II, Count 1571–1596 (1555-1596), eldest son of Wolfgang I, Count of Löwenstein

Georg Ludwig survived his only son, with this line becoming extinct. His daughter and heiress Maria Christina of Löwenstein-Scharffeneck (1625–1673) married Gabriel Oxenstierna, Count of Korsholm and Vaasa (1619–1673). The further Counts of Korsholm and Vaasa were their descendants.

Counts of Löwenstein-Wertheim (1571–1636)

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Wertheim am Main Castle
  • Ludwig III, Count 1571–1611 (1530-1611), third surviving son of Friedrich I, Count of Löwenstein, married heiress of Wertheim am Main.
    • Ludwig IV, Count 1611–1635 (1569-1635), second son, co-heir with his brothers
    • Wolfgang Ernst, Count 1611–1636 (1578-1636), third son, co-heir with his brothers

Ludwig IV has no known descendants. Wolfgang Ernst only had one daughter, Dorothea Walpurga of Löwenstein-Wertheim (1628–1634) who predeceased him. Their lines were extinct with their own deaths.

 
map of the principality of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg and the county of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg in 1803

Counts of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg (1611–1812)

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Counts of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort (1611–1712)

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Rochefort, Belgium
  • John Dietrich, Count 1611–1644 (1585-1644), fourth son of Ludwig III, Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim, co-heir with his brothers

Princes of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort (1712–1803)

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  • Maximilian Karl, 1st Prince 1712–1718 (1656-1718), the last Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort

Princes of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (1803–present)

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Kleinheubach Palace, residence of the princes of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg since 1720

Princes of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg (1812–present)

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Kreuzwertheim Palace, residence of the princes of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg since 1736
  • Johann Karl, 1st Prince 1812–1816 (1740-1816), the last Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg
    • Georg Wilhelm Ludwig, 2nd Prince 1816–1855 (1775-1855)
      • Adolf, 3rd Prince 1855–1861 (1805-1861)
    • Prince Wilhelm Ernst (1783-1847)
      • Wilhelm, 4th Prince 1861–1887 (1817-1887)
        • Ernst Alban Ludwig, 5th Prince 1887–1931 (1854-1931), abdicated 1918
        • Prince Alfred (1855-1925)
          • Udo, 6th Prince 1931–1980 (1896-1980)
            • Alfred-Ernst, 7th Prince 1980–2010 (1924-2010)
              • Ludwig, 8th Prince 2010–present (born 1951)
              • Prince Udo (born 1957)
                • Prince Georg (born 1993)
                • Prince Philipp (born 1998)
        • Prince Wilhelm Gustav Ludwig (1863-1915)
          • Prince Wolfgang Wilhelm Gustav Karl Ludwig (1890-1945)
            • Prince Wolfram Hubertus Wilhelm Heinrich (born 1941)
              • Prince Wolfram Michael Nikolaus Friedrich Jakob (born 1980)
        • Prince Ludwig Karl (1864-1899)

Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d Chisholm 1911, p. 77.

References

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  •   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Löwenstein". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 77.
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