Izu Ōshima (伊豆大島, Izu-ōshima) is an inhabited volcanic island in the Izu archipelago in the Philippine Sea, off the coast of Honshu, Japan, 22 km (14 mi) east of the Izu Peninsula and 36 km (22 mi) southwest of Bōsō Peninsula.[1] As with the other islands in the Izu Island group, Izu Ōshima forms part of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park. [2] Izu Ōshima, at 91.06 km2 (35.16 sq mi) is the largest and closest of Tokyo's outlying islands, which also include the Ogasawara Islands.
Native name: 伊豆大島 | |
|---|---|
  | |
 | |
  Izu Ōshima  Izu Ōshima Izu Ōshima (Kanto Area) | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Izu Islands |
| Coordinates | 34°44′19″N 139°23′58″E / 34.73861°N 139.39944°E |
| Area | 91.06 km2 (35.16 sq mi) |
| Coastline | 52 km (32.3 mi) |
| Highest elevation | 764 m (2507 ft) |
| Administration | |
| Prefecture | Tokyo |
| Subprefecture | Ōshima Subprefecture |
| Town | Ōshima |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 8,179 (October 2015) |
| Pop. density | 89.81/km2 (232.61/sq mi) |
| Ethnic groups | Japanese |
Geography
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The island is a stratovolcano with a basaltic composite cone, dating from the late Pleistocene period, between 10,000 and 15,000 years ago. It rises from an ocean floor with a depth of between 300 and 400 meters (984 and 1,312 ft). The island has a roughly circular coastline of approximately 52 kilometers (32 mi) in length. The highest elevation, Mount Mihara (三原山, Mihara-san), is an active volcano with a height of 758 meters (2,487 ft). The mountain has been recorded to have erupted numerous times through history and is mentioned as far back as Nara period written records.
Major eruptions occurred in 1965 and 1986, each forcing a temporary evacuation of the inhabitants. The last recorded eruption was in 1990.
Important Bird Area
editThe island has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports populations of Japanese wood pigeons, Ijima's leaf-warblers, Izu thrushes and Pleske's grasshopper warblers.[3]
Climate
editIzu Ōshima has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with warm summers and cool winters. Precipitation is abundant throughout the year, but is somewhat lower in winter than the rest of the year.
| Climate data for Izu Ōshima (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1938−present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.9 (69.6) |
21.0 (69.8) |
22.2 (72.0) |
25.5 (77.9) |
28.4 (83.1) |
32.3 (90.1) |
34.3 (93.7) |
35.9 (96.6) |
33.7 (92.7) |
29.7 (85.5) |
24.8 (76.6) |
23.1 (73.6) |
35.9 (96.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 11.0 (51.8) |
11.6 (52.9) |
14.2 (57.6) |
18.2 (64.8) |
21.9 (71.4) |
24.3 (75.7) |
27.8 (82.0) |
29.5 (85.1) |
26.7 (80.1) |
22.0 (71.6) |
17.8 (64.0) |
13.4 (56.1) |
19.9 (67.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.5 (45.5) |
7.8 (46.0) |
10.4 (50.7) |
14.4 (57.9) |
18.2 (64.8) |
21.0 (69.8) |
24.6 (76.3) |
26.0 (78.8) |
23.4 (74.1) |
18.9 (66.0) |
14.5 (58.1) |
10.0 (50.0) |
16.4 (61.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.9 (39.0) |
4.0 (39.2) |
6.6 (43.9) |
10.7 (51.3) |
14.8 (58.6) |
18.4 (65.1) |
22.2 (72.0) |
23.5 (74.3) |
20.8 (69.4) |
16.1 (61.0) |
11.3 (52.3) |
6.5 (43.7) |
13.2 (55.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −3.3 (26.1) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
0.1 (32.2) |
6.4 (43.5) |
10.4 (50.7) |
12.4 (54.3) |
16.0 (60.8) |
12.4 (54.3) |
7.2 (45.0) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 137.3 (5.41) |
146.0 (5.75) |
238.4 (9.39) |
247.4 (9.74) |
256.5 (10.10) |
328.8 (12.94) |
255.9 (10.07) |
191.7 (7.55) |
341.3 (13.44) |
405.2 (15.95) |
192.8 (7.59) |
117.6 (4.63) |
2,858.9 (112.56) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | trace | 1 (0.4) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
2 (0.8) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.1 | 7.7 | 11.5 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 12.6 | 10.3 | 8.4 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 9.6 | 7.6 | 120 |
| Average snowy days | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 64 | 66 | 70 | 74 | 79 | 85 | 87 | 86 | 83 | 79 | 74 | 68 | 76 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 153.7 | 145.4 | 158.1 | 174.2 | 179.7 | 125.1 | 150.8 | 190.1 | 141.0 | 131.4 | 140.3 | 147.6 | 1,837.2 |
| Source: JMA[4][5] | |||||||||||||
Administration
editThe island is administered by the Ōshima subprefecture of the Tokyo Metropolitan government. Ōshima Town (大島町, Ōshima-machi) serves as the local government of the island.
Ōshima Town consists of the six traditional hamlets of Okata (岡田), Motomachi (元町), Senzu, Nomashi, Sashikiji and Habuminato (波浮港), with Motomachi as the administrative center.
Access
editIzu Ōshima is a popular site for tourists[6] from both Tokyo and Shizuoka due to its close proximity to the mainland. There are a number of ferries which leave from Takeshiba Sanbashi Pier, near Hamamatsuchō, Tokyo to Motomachi Port. Ferries also leave from Atami in Shizuoka to Motomachi Port. Both lanes are operated by Tōkai Kisen
There are several flights per day from Ōshima Airport to Chōfu Airport in Chōfu.
In popular culture
editMount Mihara and Izu Ōshima featured prominently in The Return of Godzilla, as the location in which the JSDF successfully trapped Godzilla after luring him to the crater, whereupon charges were detonated, sending him falling into the magma-filled volcano. Mt. Mihara appeared again in the direct sequel, Godzilla vs. Biollante, in which Godzilla was released when the volcano erupted.
Mt. Mihara and Izu Ōshima were also featured in Koji Suzuki's Ring and its film adaptation as pivotal locations for the story.
In the Pokémon franchise, Cinnabar Island is based on Izu Ōshima.
In the anime Vividred Operation, Izu Ōshima is the home of several protagonists.
Disturbance in the Wake, a time travel novel by S.A. Ison, takes place on Oshima Island in the 14th century.[7]
Gallery
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Mt. Mihara with azaleas in the foreground -
Summit crater -
Izu Oshima Volcano Museum, Motomachi, Ōshima, Tokyo
See also
edit
Notes
edit- ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Izu Shotō," Japan Encyclopedia, p. 412.
- ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Ōshima," Japan Encyclopedia, p. 761.
- ^ "Oshima island". BirdLife Data Zone. BirdLife International. 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
- ^ 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. JMA. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
- ^ 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. JMA. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
- ^ Tokyo Islands "Oshima island" Archived 2017-05-20 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ S.A. Ison, (2020) Disturbance in the Wake
References
edit- Hammer, Joshua. (2006). Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-6465-5 (cloth)
External links
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- Ōshima Town Official Website (in Japanese)
- Izu-Oshima – Japan Meteorological Agency (in Japanese)
- "Izu-Oshima: National catalogue of the active volcanoes in Japan" (PDF). – Japan Meteorological Agency
- Izu Oshima – Geological Survey of Japan
- "Izu-Oshima". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2021-06-25.
- Tokyo Islands Archived 2017-05-20 at the Wayback Machine – English Ship booking to Tokyo Islands(Izu Islands) and travel Information Page of Izu Oshima and other islands in Tokyo
Geographic data related to Izu Ōshima at OpenStreetMap- A guide to Oshima Island -- Official Tokyo Travel Guide