Bangladesh has experienced terrorism in the past conducted by a number of different organisations.[6][7] In the past, both ISIL and other terrorist organisations had claimed to be active in the country. However, the Bangladeshi government believes that they mainly operated through local affiliates, before being neutralised by security forces.

Terrorism in Bangladesh

The bomb blasts carried out by Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh on 17 August 2005.
DateFirst phase:
1972-24 November 1975 (3 years)
Second phase:
1977-2 December 1997 (20 years)
Third phase:
18 January 1999-present (25 years)
Location
Bangladesh (spillover into Myanmar and India)
Status Ongoing
Belligerents
First phase:
 Bangladesh
First phase:
Marxist insurgents:
JaSaD
Gonobahini
BSS
First phase:
Maoist insurgents:
PBSP
PBJMF
Second phase:
 Bangladesh
Second phase:
Tribal insurgents:
PCJSS
Shanti Bahini
Second phase:
Maoist insurgents:
GMF
PBCP
BCP
PBSP
Second phase:
Islamist insurgents:
Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh
Jagrata Muslim Janata Bangladesh[1]
Third phase:
 Bangladesh

Third phase:
Islamist terrorist groups:
AQIS (2014-present)
HuJI
Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh (2004-present)
Allah'r Dal (2004-present)
Shahadat-e al Hiqma (2003-2011, 2014-present)
ABT (2013-present)


Leftist terrorist groups:
GMF
PBCP
BCP
PBSP
PBSP-MBRM
Third phase:
Islamic State
IS-BP (2015-present)
Neo-Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh

Third phase:
ARSA


KNF


UPDF


UPDF-D
PCJSS-MN Larma


PCJSS
Commanders and leaders
Former:

Mufti Abdul Hannan Executed
Bangla Bhai Executed
Shaykh Abdur Rahman Executed
Abdun Nur
Sayed Kawsar Hossain Siddique (POW)
Jakir Khandakar


Faziul Haq 
Rashidul Islam
Islam Sabuj 
Amirul Islam 
Abdur Rouf
Sahinur Rahman 
Saidul 
Abu Dujanah al-Bengali 
Abu Ibrahim al-Hanif Surrendered
Abu Muhammed al-Bengali?
Abu Abbas al-Bengali
Sarwar Jahan Manik 
Abdullah al-Tasnim Surrendered

Hafez Nur Mohammad (POW)


Nathan Bom
Cheosim Bom (POW)


Prasit Bikash Khisa
Joan Chakma
Jewel Chakma
Shachal Chakma


Tapan Jyoti Chakma 
Shaktiman Chakma 


Shantu Larma
Units involved

Bangladesh Police

Bangladesh Armed Forces

Unknown Unknown Unknown
Casualties and losses
24,330+ Security Force members dead[2] 1,000+ dead or arrested[2] 1,000+ dead or arrested[2]

850+ ARSA insurgents arrested[3]


55+ KNF insurgents arrested[4]


15+ UPDF members dead[5] and 4+ UPDF members arrested


4+ UPDF-D members dead
Civilians: 50,724+ dead[2]

History

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The first Bangladeshi Islamist factions emerged in 1989, when a network of 30 different factions was established and expanded in the following years. The main goal of most Islamist groups in Bangladesh is to create a separate Islamic state, or to govern Bangladesh according to Sharia law. Islamist groups have conducted operations against the ruling party's corruptions in the country. Islamic groups are alleged to be terrorists for political interests.[8][self-published source?]

Timeline

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First phase

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1972

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1973

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1974

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1975

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Second phase

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1977

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1978

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1979

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1980

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1981

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1982

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1983

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1984

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1985

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1986

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1987

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1988

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1989

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1990

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1991

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1992

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1993

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1994

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1995

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1996

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1997

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Third phase

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1999

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2001

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2002

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2003

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  • On 17 January 2003, bomb blast at a shrine fair in Tangail.[25]
  • 22 January 2003, five killed in Sufi shrine, including the caretaker of the shrine.[26]
  • On 8 February 2003, Sayed Kawsar Hossain Siddique founded an Islamist organization named "Shahadat-e al Hiqma".[27][28]
  • On 1 March 2003, a police sergeant was killed in a bomb attack in Khulna.[20]
  • On 11 March 2003, two police constables were killed in a bomb attack.[20]
  • On 12 March 2003, a police subedar was killed in a bomb attack in Khulna city.[29]
  • On 6 September 2003, Bangladesh Awami League leader killed in bomb attack.[20]

2004

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  • On 12 January 2004, bombing of Shajalal Shrine kills 12.[20]
  • On 13 January 2004, a bomb attack on Fazlur Rahman, joint secretary of Sharsha Upazila unit of the Awami League, in Benapol kills him and injures six.[30]
  • On 13 January 2004,, three people were killed in a bomb attack on Shah Jalal Dargah.[31]
  • On 13 January 2004, a bomb was thrown on an on duty traffic sergeant which failed to explode in Moilapota intersection, Khulna.[32]
  • On 15 January 2004, Manik Chandra Saha, journalist, killed in terror attack.[20]
  • On 24 January 2004, a police camp was bombed in Bagerhat injuring three police officers.[29]
  • On 20 February 2004, movie house at Rupsha Upazila was bombed injuring 4.[33]
  • On 4 March 2004, a Bangladesh Awami League leader was killed in a bomb attack in Bagerhat and one Awami League leader was assassinated in Narayanganj.[34]
  • On 4 August 2004, a bomb attack on Rangmahal Cinema and at Monika Cinema in Sylhet killed one and injured ten.[35]
  • On 21 August 2004, HuJI militants perpetrated a grenade attack on an Awami League rally in Dhaka, resulting in 24 deaths and over 300 injuries.[36]
  • On 24 December 2004, Rajshahi University Professor Mohammad Yunus was killed in an attack by JMB.[37]

2005

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2006

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  • On 19 December 2006, a top leader of Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh, Abdullah al-Tasnim, would be arrested by the police.[41]

2008

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2009

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2011

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  • On 28 July 2011, the court of the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate in Rajshahi sent the founder of Shahadat-e al Hiqma, Sayed Kawsar Hossain Siddique, to jail.[44]

2014

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  • On 28 January 2014, a PBCP leader, Islam Sabuj, would be killed in a shootout with the police.[45]
  • In April 2014, Abdullah al-Tasnim would be bailed out of jail.[41]
  • In July 2014, Jakir Khandakar allegedly reactivated Shahadat-e al Hiqma and shifted headquarters to Bandarban District, Chittagong.[46]
  • On 17 September 2014, acting on a tip, Rapid Action Battalion discovered and dismantled a weapons and explosives storage facility located in the Satchhari forest, Chunarughat Upazila, Habiganj. 112 rocket launchers and 14 sacks of explosive material were confiscated during the operation.[47]
  • On 18 September 2014, police arrested 7 JMB terrorists, including a top commander Abdullah al-Tasnim, in the Landing Station Port area. The militants intended to utilise 10 kilograms of liquid explosives, in a number of terrorist acts throughout the country, in order to establish cooperation with ISIL.[48]
  • On 1 November 2014, a Rapid Action Battalion operation led to the capture of JMB's main coordinator Abdun Nur as well as four other militants. IED components were also seized.[49]

2015

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2016

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  • On 15 March 2016, ISIL claimed responsibility for murdering a Muslim preacher in Bangladesh.[54]
  • On 22 March 2016, unidentified attackers hacked a Christian convert to death in northern Bangladesh.[55] A day after, ISIL claimed responsibility for the attack.[56]
  • On 7 April 2016, a secular blogger was hacked to death by Islamists who claimed to be part of al-Qaeda.[57][58]
  • On 23 April 2016, an university professor, A. F. M. Rezaul Karim Siddique, was hacked to death on his way to work in northern Bangladesh. Without any evidence, ISIL claimed responsibility for the attack.[59][60]
  • On 25 April 2016, al-Qaeda terrorists hacked LGBTQ activist, Xulhaz Mannan, and his friend to death in his apartment.[61][62]
  • On 30 April 2016, a Hindu tailor was hacked to death in his store. ISIL claimed responsibility for the attack.[63] On the next day, Bangladesh authorities arrested three ISIL suspects for the murder.[64]
  • On 21 May 2016, a homeopathic doctor was hacked to death in Bangladesh. ISIL claimed responsibility for the attack.[65]
  • On 1 July 2016, militants hacked a Buddhist farmer to death in Bandarban District. Mong Shwe Lung Marma, 55, was also vice president of the Bangladesh Awami League. ISIL fighters claimed responsibility for the murder.[66]
  • On 1 July 2016, five attackers opened fire inside the Holey Artisan Bakery located in the Gulshan neighbourhood, which is also part of the diplomatic enclave of Dhaka. Around 22 civilians and 2 police officers were killed. All five attackers were neutralised by the commando units of the Bangladesh Armed Forces, who stormed the building.[67][68]
  • On 27 August 2016, three militants, including Abu Dujanah al-Bengali, were killed during a joint forces raid at a house in Narayanganj Sadar Upazila. Monirul Islam, chief of Dhaka Metropolitan Police counter-terrorism unit, confirmed his death in an announcement reported in the Bangladeshi newspaper.[69][70]

2017

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  • On 14 March 2017, A Muslim Sufi spiritual leader and his daughter were shot and hacked to death by unknown militants in northern Bangladesh.[71]
  • On 17 March 2017, 2017 Dhaka RAB camp suicide bombing: A suicide bomber blew himself up inside an under construction camp of the anti-crime Rapid Action Battalion, mildly injuring two security personnel.[72]
  • On 24 March 2017, A suicide bomber blew himself up outside the police check-post, which was located on the road leading to the Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport causing no injuries to other people. ISIL claimed the attack.[73]
  • On 25 March 2017, 2017 South Surma Upazila bombings: A suicide bombing killed four civilians, two police officers and wounded around 40 during a security forces raid on a suspected terrorist hideout in South Surma Upazila, Bangladesh. ISIL claimed responsibility. Four militants were also killed.[74]
  • On 12 April 2017, Mufti Abdul Hannan, the chief of Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami Bangladesh, alongside two associates, would be executed at Kashimpur Prison almost 12 years after being arrested.[75]

2018

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2019

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  • On 29 June 2019, acting on a tipoff, Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) arrested five members of banned militant outfit Ansar Al Islam (AAI) from Belpukur area in Puthia Upazila of Rajshahi. RAB recovered a pistol, 24 crude bombs, five bullets, two magazines, 10 jihadi books and eight organisational notebooks from them.[79]
  • On 26 August 2019, members of the United People's Democratic Front would get into a shootout with a group of patrolling soldiers in Dighinala Upazila, Khagrachhari during noon, 3 members of the United People's Democratic Front would die.[80]

2020

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2021

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  • On 18 January 2021, a Khulna court would sentence five cadres of Purbo Banglar Communist Party-Janajuddho to life imprisonment.[82]
  • On July 2021, the United People's Democratic Front's Joan Chakma led a contingent of Buddhist-Chakmas to Suandrapara, a village of the Bawm Christian convert community, where they issued threats and conducted two violent raids leading to them damaging a church.[83]
  • On 30 July 2021, four members of the United People's Democratic Front were arrested in Langadu Upazila, Rangamati for extortion.[84]

2022

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  • On 18 July 2022, Bangladesh Police announced arrests of Nur Mohammad, chairman of ARSA's fatwa committee, and Abu Bakkar, a commander of the group accused of the killings of Rohingyas in October 2021. The two were stated to have been arrested on 7 and 17 July respectively. Armed Police Battalion unit 14 commander Naimul Haque claimed that they had arrested 836 Rohingyas linked to ARSA in the last six months.[85]

2023

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2024

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ In Bangladesh Italian Marble Works Ltd. v. Government of Bangladesh, the Supreme Court ruled that Mostaq's accession to the Presidency was illegal as it violated the line of succession and occurred after a military coup. Therefore, it was declared that Mostaq was a usurper and all Ordinances rendered by him under martial law were null and void of any legal effect.[12][13][14]

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