AS Eesti Raudtee (English: Estonian Railways Ltd) known as Eesti Raudtee or EVR is the national railway infrastructure company of Estonia. It owns a network of 1,191 kilometres (740 mi) of broad gauge (1,524 mm (5 ft)) railway throughout the country, including the 192 kilometres (119 mi) used by the Elron commuter trains around Tallinn. Its sole shareholder is the Government of Estonia.
 | |
| Company type | State owned |
|---|---|
| Industry | Transport |
| Founded | 1992 |
| Headquarters | Tallinn, Estonia |
Area served | Estonia |
| Products | Freight trains |
| Parent | Government of Estonia |
| Website | www.evr.ee |
History
editEstablishment and early operations
editShortly following the Estonian Restoration of Independence, the state-owned company Eesti Raudtee was established as the national railway company of Estonia on 1 January 1992.[1] The company's activities primarily involved the movement of rail freight, particularly that of Russian oil products to the ice-free Estonian ports on the Baltic Sea; passenger services were typically provided by separate operators that ran upon Eesti Raudtee's infrastructure via a series of track access agreements.[1]
Privatised era
editBy the mid-2000, it was announced that the Estonian government was seeking to privatize its railway operations.[2][3] On 31 August 2001, 66 percent of the stock in the company was sold to Baltic Rail Services, a consortium of Rail World (25.5%), Jarvis (25.5%), Railroad Development Corporation (5%), and OÜ Ganiger Invest, led by Estonian entrepreneurs Jüri Käo and Guido Sammelselg (44%).[4][5]
As a result of the privatization, new management structures were promptly introduced to the company along with considerable investment aimed at instituting international best practices, amongst other goals.[6] In 2002, Eesti Raudtee introduced a new logo along with a corporate identity during its tenth anniversary. The new logo was the two letters "E" and "R" that are colored red and are merged to each other to symbolize the company's name.[citation needed]
Following an election in 2003, the Estonian government changed the rules on open access rights and capped the level of track access charges that could be imposed, which negatively impacted Eesti Raudtee's commercial viability, causing relations between Baltic Rail Services and the state to sour. In July 2005, Baltic Rail Services issued a notice of dispute to the Estonian government that claimed there had been a breach of bilateral investment treaties.[7] By April 2006, the dispute between the two parties had escalated to the highest levels and the potential sale of the stake in Eesti Raudtee was mooted.[8][9]
Renationalisation and restructuring in compliance with EU legislation
editIn January 2007, Eesti Raudtee was effectively renationalized by the Estonian government, ending Baltic Rail Services' involvement.[10][11][1] During 2009, two new EVR wholly-owned subsidiaries were formed: EVR Infra, responsible for managing the railway infrastructure, and EVR Cargo, which took over the parent company's freight operations.[12][13] This reorganisation was reportedly to comply with European Union legislation.[14] In 2012, freight operator AS EVR Cargo (renamed Operail in 2018) was separated from Eesti Raudtee; around the same time, EVR Infra was renamed Eesti Raudtee.[15][16]
Infrastructure investments and modernisation
editThe late 2010s and early 2020s were marked by a series of investments in Estonia's railway infrastructure. In December 2017, work was completed on the modernization of 57km of the key Tapa – Tartu line, facilitating passenger trains to be run at a maximum speed of 120 km/h, while freight trains were also permitted to move at up to 80 km/h.[17] Between 2018 and 2021, the Lääne – Harju line running west from Tallinn was re-signalled by Mipro.[18] In July 2020, the launch of a decade-long investment program, aimed at raising quality and safety levels, was announced.[19] During December 2020, a joint venture of Spanish engineering companies Ardanuy Ingeneria and Ayesa Ingenieria y Arquitectura were awarded a €3.7m contract to produce the technical requirements and preliminary designs of an 25 kV 50 Hz electrification programme covering almost the entirety of Estonia's unelectrified railway network.[20]
Regional cooperation
In May 2018, the company, together with the railway companies of Latvia and Lithuania, signed an agreement to jointly establish the Amber Train freight transportation route from Šeštokai through Riga to Tallinn.[21] As one part of this initiative, a new multimodal freight terminal directly connected to Muuga Harbour was constructed, facilitating the transshipping of goods between the sea and the Estonian railway network.[22] On 13 September 2022, the first Amber Train service departed Muuga for the Kaunas terminal; goods from the terminal will also be transported to Muuga on the return journey, the majority of which will be sent onwards to Finland.[23][24]
References
edit- ^ a b c "Eesti Raudtee". Railroad Development Corporation. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ Hope, Richard (1 July 2000). "Smallest state in privatisation vanguard". Railway Gazette International.
- ^ "Rail Estonia dumped amid controversy". Railway Gazette International. 1 April 2001.
- ^ "Baltic Rail Services Completes the Purchase of a Controlling Interest in Eesti Raudtee, Estonian State Railways" (PDF) (Press release). Railroad Development Corporation. 4 September 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
- ^ "Estonian agreement". Railway Gazette International. 1 June 2001.
- ^ "International best practice takes root in Europe". Railway Gazette International. 1 March 2002.
- ^ Hughes, Murray (1 August 2005). "Dispute in Estonia". Railway Gazette International.
- ^ "Sell-out mooted in Estonia". Railway Gazette International. 1 April 2006.
- ^ "Threats fly in Estonian conflict". Railway Gazette International. 1 June 2006.
- ^ Hanson, Martin (15 September 2006). "Raudtee tagasiost sai heakskiidu" (in Estonian). Äripäev. Archived from the original on 10 October 2007. Retrieved 25 July 2007.
- ^ "EVR's private interlude is over". Railway Gazette International. February 2007. Archived from the original on 31 May 2012.
- ^ "About Estonian Railways". Eesti Raudtee. Retrieved 15 February 2010.
- ^ "AS EVR Infra". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ "EVR split takes effect". Railway Gazette International. 27 January 2009. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
- ^ "History of Estonian Railways Ltd". Eesti Raudtee. Archived from the original on 23 June 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
- ^ "Operail". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ "Tapa – Tartu modernisation completed". Railway Gazette International. 26 December 2017.
- ^ "Estonian signalling contract awarded". Railway Gazette International. 3 July 2018.
- ^ "Estonia's 'ambitious' rail investment plan gets underway". Railway Gazette International. 20 July 2020.
- ^ "Estonian electrification design contract awarded". Railway Gazette International. 15 December 2020.
- ^ "Baltic railway leaders sign Amber Train agreement". ERR. 29 May 2018. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
- ^ Briginshaw, David (15 May 2020). "Bids invited for Estonian multimodal freight terminal". International Railway Journal.
- ^ "The Amber Train embarks on its first journey today". baltictimes.com. 13 September 2022.
- ^ "Amber Train test journey started". railwaypro.com. 30 September 2022.
External links
edit
Media related to Eesti Raudtee at Wikimedia Commons