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Cosmos (Sagan book)

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Cosmos is a popular science book written by astronomer and Pulitzer Prize-winning author Carl Sagan. It was published in 1980 as a companion piece to the PBS mini-series Cosmos: A Personal Voyage with which it was co-developed and intended to complement. Each of the book's 13 illustrated chapters corresponds to one of the 13 episodes of the television series. Just a few of the ideas explored in Cosmos include the history and mutual development of science and civilization, the nature of the Universe, human and robotic space exploration, the inner workings of the cell and the DNA that controls it, and the dangers and future implications of nuclear war. One of Sagan's main purposes for both the book and the television series was to explain complex scientific ideas in a way that anyone interested in learning can understand. Sagan also believed the television was one of the greatest teaching tools ever invented, so he wished to capitalize on his chance to educate the world.[1] Spurred in part by the popularity of the TV series, Cosmos spent 50 weeks on the Publishers Weekly best-sellers list and 70 weeks on the New York Times Best Seller list to become the best-selling science book ever published at the time. In 1981, it received the Hugo Award for Best Non-Fiction Book. The unprecedented success of Cosmos ushered in a dramatic increase in visibility for science-themed literature. The success of the book also served to jumpstart Sagan's literary career. The sequel to Cosmos is Pale Blue Dot: A Vision of the Human Future in Space (1994).[2]

Cosmos
Cover of the first edition
AuthorCarl Sagan
Cover artistAdolf Schaller
LanguageEnglish
SubjectCosmology
PublisherRandom House
Hachette UK (1995 Ed.)
Publication date
1981
Publication placeUnited Kingdom
Media typePrint (Hardcover, Paperback)
Pages365 (first edition)
413 (1995 edition)
396 (2013 edition)
ISBN0-394-50294-9 (first edition)
978-0-3491-0703-5 (1995 edition)
978-0-375-50832-5 (2002 edition)
978-0-345-53943-4 (2013 edition)
OCLC6280573
520
LC ClassQB44.2 .S235
Preceded byBroca's Brain: Reflections on the Romance of Science 
Followed byPale Blue Dot: A Vision of the Human Future in Space 

In 2013, a new edition of Cosmos was published, with a foreword by Ann Druyan and an essay by Neil deGrasse Tyson.[3]

Summary

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Cosmos has 13 chapters, corresponding to the 13 episodes of the Cosmos television series. In the original edition, each chapter is heavily illustrated.[4] The book covers a broad range of topics, comprising Sagan's reflections on anthropological, cosmological, biological, historical, and astronomical matters from antiquity to contemporary times. Sagan reiterates his position on extraterrestrial life—that the magnitude of the universe permits the existence of thousands of alien civilizations, but no credible evidence exists to demonstrate that such life has ever visited earth.[5] Sagan explores 15 billion years of cosmic evolution and the development of science and civilization.[6] He traces the origins of knowledge and the scientific method, mixing science and philosophy, and speculates about the future of science.[7] He also discusses the underlying premises of science by providing biographical anecdotes about many prominent scientists, placing their contributions in the broader context of the development of modern science.[8]

The book, like the television series, contains a number of Cold War undertones including subtle references to self-destruction and the futility of the arms race.[9]

Popularity

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Shortly after release, Cosmos became the best-selling science book ever published in the English language,[10][11][12][13] and was the first science book to sell more than half a million copies.[14] Though spurred in part by the popularity of the television series, Cosmos became a best-seller by its own regard, reaching hundreds of thousands of readers.[15] It was only surpassed in the late 1980s by Stephen Hawking's A Brief History of Time (1988).[16] Cosmos spent 50 weeks on the Publishers Weekly best-seller's list,[17] and 70 weeks on the New York Times Best Seller list.[18] Cosmos sold over 900,000 copies while on these lists,[19] and continued popularity has allowed Cosmos to sell about five million copies internationally.[20] Shortly after Cosmos was published, Sagan received a $2 million advance for the novel Contact.[21] This was the largest release given for an unwritten fiction book at the time.[14] The success of Cosmos made Sagan "wealthy as well as famous."[22] It also ushered in a dramatic increase in visibility for science books, opening up new options and readership for the previously fledgling genre.[19] Science historian Bruce Lewenstein of Cornell University noted that among science books "Cosmos marked the moment that something different was clearly going on."[15]

After the success of Cosmos, Sagan turned into an early scientific celebrity. He appeared on many television programs, wrote a regular column for Parade, and worked to continually advance the popularity of the science genre.[23]

Lewenstein also noted the power of the book as a recruitment tool. Along with Microbe Hunters and The Double Helix, he described Cosmos as one of the "books that people cite as 'Hey, the reason I'm a scientist is because I read that book'."[15] Particularly in astronomy and physics, he said, the book inspired many people to become scientists.[21] Sagan has also been called the "most successful popularizing scientist of our time," for his ability to draw such a large and varied audience.[24]

The popularity of Sagan's Cosmos has been referenced in arguments supporting increased space exploration spending.[25] Sagan's book was also referenced in Congress by Arthur C. Clarke in a speech promoting an end to Cold War anti-ICBM spending, instead arguing that the anti-ICBM budget would be better spent on Mars exploration.[26]

Critical reception

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Reception for Sagan's work was generally positive. In The New York Times Book Review, novelist James Michener praised Cosmos as "a cleverly written, imaginatively illustrated summary of [Sagan's]... ruminations about our universe... His style is iridescent, with lights flashing upon unexpected juxtapositions of thought."[27] The American astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson described "Cosmos" as something "more than Carl Sagan".[28] David Whitehouse of the British Broadcasting Corporation went so far as to say that "there is not a book on astronomy – in fact not one on science – that comes close to the eloquence and intellectual sweep of Cosmos... If we send just one book to grace the libraries of distant worlds..., let it be Cosmos."[29] Kirkus Reviews described the book as "Sagan at his best."[30] Cornell News Service characterized it as "an overview of how science and civilization grew up together."[17] In 1981, Cosmos received the Hugo Award for Best Non-Fiction Book.[31]

The U.S. Library of Congress designated Cosmos one of eighty-eight books "that shaped America."[32]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Golden, Frederic, Peter Stoler, and Calif. 1980. "The Cosmic Explainer He-e-e-re's Carl, bringing you nothing less than the universe." Time 116, no. 16: 62. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed April 10, 2013).
  2. ^ "Pale Blue Dot". Powell's Books. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  3. ^ Sagan, Carl; Druyan, Ann; Tyson, Neil deGrasse (2013). Cosmos. New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN 978-0-345-53943-4.
  4. ^ "Cosmos: Bibliographical Data". Book Depository. The Book Depository International Ltd. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  5. ^ Michener, James (25 January 1981). "Ten Million Civilizations Nearby". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
  6. ^ "Cosmos: Full Description". Book Depository. The Book Depository International Ltd. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  7. ^ "Cosmos: About this Edition". Borders. Borders, Inc. Archived from the original on 24 March 2010. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  8. ^ Lessel, Thomas (May 1985). "Science and the Sacred Cosmos: The Ideological Rhetoric of Carl Sagan". Quarterly Journal of Speech. 71 (2): 175–187. doi:10.1080/00335638509383727.
  9. ^ Tyson, Neil deGrasse (January–February 2013). "Another round of Cosmos". Columbia Journalism Review. 51 (5): 30–33.
  10. ^ "Carl Sagan to lecture at Stanford April 23". Stanford News Service. Stanford University. 2012-04-04. Archived from the original on 2015-04-08. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
  11. ^ "Carl Sagan: Founder and First President of The Planetary Society". The Planetary Society. Archived from the original on 1 May 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
  12. ^ Garreau, Joel (2003-07-21). "Science's Mything Links As the Boundaries of Reality Expand, Our Thinking Seems to Be Going Over the Edge". Washington Post. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  13. ^ "Meet Dr. Carl Sagan". The Science Channel. Archived from the original on 2007-05-18. Retrieved 2010-01-02.
  14. ^ a b "Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Understanding". National Science Foundation. 2004. Archived from the original on 14 January 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  15. ^ a b c Lewenstein, Bruce (2002-03-08). "How Science Books Drive Public Discussion". National Institute for Standards and Technology. Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  16. ^ Shermer p. 490
  17. ^ a b Brand, David; Friedlander, Blaine P.k Jr. (2001-02-19). "From somber Silent Spring to creative Cosmos, author's style can make difference in selling science, says Cornell researche". Cornell News. Cornell University. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  18. ^ Brand, David (1996-12-20). "Carl Sagan, Cornell astronomer, dies today (Dec. 20) in Seattle". Cornell News. Cornell University. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  19. ^ a b Nord, David; Joan Shelley Rubin (2009). "Science Books Since 1945". A History of the Book in America: Volume 5: The Enduring Book: Print Culture. Michael Schudson. UNC Press. p. 357. ISBN 978-0-8078-3285-1.
  20. ^ Ruprecht, Louis (1996). "Book Reviews". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. LXIV (2). Oxford Journals: 459–464. doi:10.1093/jaarel/lxiv.2.459. ISSN 1477-4585. Retrieved 2010-02-06.
  21. ^ a b Lewenstein, Bruce (March 2007). "Why should we care about science books?". Journal of Science Communication. 6 (1). International School for Advanced Studies: C03. doi:10.22323/2.06010303. ISSN 1824-2049.
  22. ^ Morrison, David (January 2007). "Man for the Cosmos: Carl Sagan's Life and Legacy as Scientist, Teacher, and Skeptic". Skeptical Inquirer. Archived from the original on February 1, 2016. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  23. ^ Lawler, Peter (Summer 1999). "Aliens, the Cosmos, and the Foundations of Political Life". Perspectives on Political Science. 28 (3): 131. doi:10.1080/10457099909602354.
  24. ^ Lawler, Peter Augustine (September–October 1998). "Aliens in the cosmos or, the curious affair of Carl Sagan and E.T.". American Enterprise. 9 (5): 47–49.
  25. ^ Extensions of Remarks – Friday, November 18, 1983, 129 Cong. Rec. E5773 (1983).
  26. ^ Senate – Wednesday, October 10, 1984, 130 Cong. Rec. 31165 (1984)
  27. ^ Dicke, William (1996-12-21). "Carl Sagan, an Astronomer Who Excelled at Popularizing Science, Is Dead at 62". New York Times. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  28. ^ Why Carl Sagan is Truly Irreplaceable https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/why-carl-sagan-truly-irreplaceable-180949818/
  29. ^ Whitehouse, David (1999-10-15). "Sci/Tech Carl Sagan: A life in the cosmos". British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  30. ^ "Reviews". Kirkus Book Review. DC Public Library. 2010. Retrieved 6 February 2010.[permanent dead link]
  31. ^ "Cosmos". Goodreads. 2002-05-07. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
  32. ^ Druyan, Ann; Sagan, Carl; Tyson, Neil deGrasse (2013). Cosmos. New York: Ballantine Books. p. xix. ISBN 978-0-345-53943-4.

Further reading

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Library resources about
Cosmos (Sagan book)
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