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Constanța County

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Constanța (Romanian pronunciation: [konˈstantsa] ⓘ) is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in the Dobruja region. Its capital city is also named Constanța.

Constanța County
Județul Constanța
County
Constanța Casino
Decebal Plaza, Medgidia
Mamaia Beach
Fântânele-Cogealac Wind Farm
Coat of arms of Constanța County
Coat of arms
Coordinates: 44°16′N 28°19′E / 44.27°N 28.31°E / 44.27; 28.31
Country Romania
Development region1Sud-Est
Historic regionDobruja
Capital city (Reședință de județ)Constanța
Government
 • TypeCounty Council
 • President of the County CouncilMihai LUPU (PNL)
 • PrefectSilviu-Iulian COȘA
Area
 • Total
7,104 km2 (2,743 sq mi)
 • Rank8th in Romania
Population
 (2021-12-01)[1]
 • Total
655,997
 • Rank5th in Romania
 • Density92/km2 (240/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal Code
90wxyz3
Area code+40 x414
ISO 3166 codeRO-CT
Car PlatesCT5
GDP nominalUS$14.640 billion (2024)
GDP per capitaUS$22,351 (2024)
Economy rank3rd
WebsiteCounty Board
County Prefecture
1The development regions of Romania have no administrative role. They were formed just to attract funds from the European Union
2 as of 2007, the Prefect is not a politician, but a public official. He or she is not allowed to be a member of a political party and is forbidden from political activity in the first six months after the resignation (or exclusion) from the ranks of public officials
3w, x, y, and z are digits that indicate the city, the street, part of the street, or even the building of the address
4x is a digit indicating the operator: 2 for the former national operator, Romtelecom, and 3 for the other ground telephone networks
5used on both the plates of the vehicles that operate only in the county limits (like utility vehicles, ATVs, etc.), and the ones used outside the county

Demographics

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In 2021, it had a population of 655,997 and the population density was 92/km2. The degree of urbanization is much higher (about 75%) than the Romanian average. In recent years the population trend is:

Year County population[2][3]
1948 311,062  
1956 369,940  
1966 465,752  
1977 608,817  
1992 748,044  
2002 715,151  
2011 684,082  
2021 655,997  

The majority of the population are Orthodox Romanians. There are important communities of Muslim Turks and Tatars, remnants of the time of Ottoman rule. Currently the region is the centre of the Muslim minority in Romania. A great number of Aromanians have migrated to Dobruja in the last century, and they consider themselves a cultural minority rather than an ethnic minority. There are also Romani.

Ethnicity 1880[4] 2002[5] 2011[2] 2021[6]
Total 64,902 715,151 630,679 655,997
Romanian 14,884 (23%) 652,777 (91%) 570,754 (83.43%) 504,344 (76.88%)
Tatar 22,854 (35%) 23,230 (3.2%) 19,601 (2.87%) 16,918 (2.58%)
Turkish 14,947 (23%) 24,246 (3.4%) 20,826 (3.04%) 16,121 (2.46%)
Roma <100 (<0.1%) 6,023 (0.84%) 8,554 (1.25%) 6,593 (1.01%)
Lipovan 5,273 (0.74%) 3,568 (0.52%) 4,084 (0.62%)
Hungarian 921 (0.13%) 450 (0.07%) 313 (0.05%)
Greek 2,607 (4%) 590 (0.08%) 266 (0.04%) 232 (0.04%)
Bulgarian 7,919 (12%) 74 (0.01%) 35 (0.01%) 72 (0.01%)
Others 2,017 (0.28%) 6,625 (1.05%) 107,320 (16.35%)

Geography

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Economy

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The predominant industries in the county are:

  • Tourism
  • Chemicals and petrochemicals
  • Food and beverages
  • Textiles
  • Shipbuilding
  • Construction materials
  • Mechanical components
  • Paper

Agriculture is an important part in the county's economy, with Constanța being the county with the largest irrigation systems in the country (more than 4,300 km2 before 1989, now greatly reduced), cereals being the most important products. Also, the county is famous for its wines from the Murfatlar region.

At Cernavodă there is a nuclear power plant with two reactors, each of the CANDU type of Canadian design. The plant covers over 15% of the country's power demand.

The Port of Constanța is the largest port in Romania, the most important of the Black Sea and the 4th in Europe. It is linked with the Danube by the Danube-Black Sea Canal – the widest and deepest navigable channel in Europe, although it is not used to its full potential.

Tourism

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The Romanian Riviera along the coast of the Black Sea is the preferred destination for the summer holidays in Romania. The resorts are, from North to South:

Also worth visiting are:

Politics

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As of 27 September 2020, the elected President of the County Council is Mihai Lupu from PNL.[7] In addition, in the wake of the 2020 Romanian local elections, the current Constanța County Council consists of 36 counsellors, with the following party composition:[8]

    Party Seats Current County Council
  National Liberal Party (PNL) 15                              
  Social Democratic Party (PSD) 10                              
  Save Romania Union (USR) 5                              
  PRO Romania (PRO) 3                              
  People's Movement Party (PMP) 3                              

Administrative divisions

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Ruins of Tomis
 
Port of Mangalia
 
Medgidia
See also: Constanța metropolitan area

Constanța County has 3 municipalities, 9 towns and 58 communes:

Historical county

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Județul Constanța
County (Județ)
 
The Constanța County Prefect's building (1906–1949), currently used as headquarters of the Constanța military district[10]
 
Coat of arms
 
Country  Romania
Historic regionDobruja
Capital city (Reședință de județ)Constanța
Established1879
Ceased to existAdministrative reform of 1950
Area
 • Total
6,916 km2 (2,670 sq mi)
Population
 (1930)
 • Total
253,093
 • Density37/km2 (95/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

Following the 1926 administrative reform, the borders of the historical county are identical to the ones of the current Constanța County, with the exception of the Ostrov and Lipnița communes, which were then administered by the Durostor County, the Baia commune, now part of Tulcea County, and the villages of Tereskondu, Pârâul Caprei, Fundeni, Pădureni, Saldu Alde and Enigea-Haidar, now in Bulgaria.

Geography

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The county neighboured the Black Sea to the east, the counties of Tulcea and Brăila to the north, Ialomița to the west, Durostor to the south-west and Caliacra to the south.

Administration

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The county originally consisted of four districts (plăși):[11]

  1. Plasa Dunărea
  2. Plasa Mangalia
  3. Plasa Ovidiu
  4. Plasa Traian

Subsequently, the territory of the county was reorganized into seven districts:

  1. Plasa Cernavodă, headquartered in Cernavodă
  2. Plasa Dunărea, headquartered in Hârșova
  3. Plasa Ferdinand, headquartered in Constanța
  4. Plasa Mangalia, headquartered in Mangalia
  5. Plasa Negru-Vodă, headquartered in Negru Vodă
  6. Plasa Traian, headquartered in Ion Corvin
  7. Plasa Medgidia, headquartered in Medgidia

On the territory of Constanta County there were seven urban localities: Constanţa (with city status) and the urban communes of Carmen-Sylva, Techirghiol, Mangalia, Medgidia, Cernavodă and Hârșova.

After 1938

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After the 1938 Administrative and Constitutional Reform, this county merged with the counties of Ialomița, Durostor and Caliacra to form Ținutul Mării. It was re-established in 1940 after the fall of Carol II's regime. Ten years later, it was abolished by the Communist regime.

Population

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According to the census data of 1930, the county's population was 253,093 inhabitants, of which 66.2% were Romanians, 8.9% Bulgarians, 6.8% Turks, 6.0% Tatars, 3.8% Germans, 1.8% Greeks, 1.5% Russians, 1.3% Armenians, as well as other minorities.[12] In religion, the population consisted of 78.9% Eastern Orthodox, 13.1% Islam, 2.5% Lutheran, 1.8% Roman Catholics, as well as other minorities.[13]

Urban population

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In 1930, the urban population of the county was 81,631 inhabitants, 68.7% Romanians, 7.3% Turks, 5.2% Greeks, 3.9% Armenians, 2.5% Germans, 2.2% Jews, 2.0% Tatars, 2.0% Bulgarians, 1.7% Russians, 1.7% Hungarians, as well as other minorities. Among the urban population, mother tongues were reported to be Romanian (72.0%), Turkish (9.7%), Greek (4.5%), Armenian (3.6%), German (2.4%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population was composed mostly of Eastern Orthodox (78.4%), followed by Muslim (9.6%), Armenian Apostolic (3.3%), Roman Catholic (2.7%), Jewish (2.3%), Lutheran (1.6%), as well as other minorities.

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Constanța County.
  1. ^ "Populaţia rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021" (XLS). National Institute of Statistics.
  2. ^ a b "Population at 20 October 2011" (in Romanian). INSSE. 5 July 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2013.[permanent dead link‍]
  3. ^ National Institute of Statistics, "Populația la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992 și 2002"
  4. ^ Robert Stănciugel and Liliana Monica Bălașa, Dobrogea în Secolele VII-XIX. Evoluție istorică, Bucharest, 2005; pg. 202
  5. ^ 2002 official census results Archived 16 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ "Ethnic population at the censuses in the period 1930–2021" (in Romanian). INSSE. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  7. ^ "S-au împărțit mandatele: cum va arăta noul consiliu județean Constanța". Cuget Liber (in Romanian). October 2020.
  8. ^ "Rezultatele finale ale alegerilor locale din 2020" (Json) (in Romanian). Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  9. ^ "Population at 20 October 2011" (in Romanian). INSSE. 5 July 2013. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
  10. ^ "Istoric Cercul Militar Constanța ["History of the Constanța military circle"]" (in Romanian). Logistical Naval Base. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
  11. ^ Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Constanța
  12. ^ Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 142-143
  13. ^ Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 592-595
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