The southern Mandarin dogfish (Cirrhigaleus australis) is a species of Mandarin dogfish shark in the genus Cirrhigaleus. It was distinguished from Cirrhigaleus barbifer, which lives in the North Pacific, on an expedition in the coral reefs near Australia in 2007. It is now known to live in the temperate waters in south-eastern Australia and from the Bay of Plenty region in New Zealand, at depths of 146–640 metres.[3][4]
| Southern Mandarin dogfish | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Subclass: | Elasmobranchii |
| Order: | Squaliformes |
| Family: | Squalidae |
| Genus: | Cirrhigaleus |
| Species: | C. australis
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| Binomial name | |
| Cirrhigaleus australis | |
| |
| This is the range of C. australis and C. barbifer. Australis is in light blue, and barbifer in dark blue. | |
Physical characteristics
editIt is medium-sized and robust compared to other dogfish. It is grey-brown above and pale below. The posterior margins of the pectoral and pelvic fins are white.[5] This species of shark normally grow less than a metre long, but have been known to reach 1.25 metres.[3] C. australis has smaller eyes, pectoral fins, dorsal fins, and spine than its cousin. The first dorsal fin is medium-sized and slightly raked. The second is similarly shaped, but a bit smaller. The pectoral fins are fairly large. Both dorsal spines are long. It also has strangely long barbels, giving it the name "Mandarin". There are about 115 centra along the back.[6]
Scientists say the shark is harmless. Its defensive techniques are useless against many larger fish, and, as a consequence, it is very vulnerable to other sharks and fish. Also, the southern Mandarin dogfish has very low resilience, its population doubling only about every 14 years.[6]
Expedition
editIn 2007, a group of scientists from CSIRO spent some time searching the Eastern coast of Australia for new species.[2] Along with the newly distinguished Cirrhigaleus australis, several hundreds of new marine species were discovered. Included were skates, sea stars, corals, bivalves, brachiopods, several types of marine arthropods, and many others.[7]
They conducted research in three outings, each three weeks long. Two outings were in the Great Barrier Reef on Lizard Island and Heron Island, and the third was in the Ningaloo Reef on the northwest coast of Australia.[8]
Conservation status
editIn June 2018 the New Zealand Department of Conservation classified the southern Mandarin dogfish as "At Risk – Naturally Uncommon" with the qualifiers "Data Poor" and "Threatened Overseas" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.[9]
References
edit- ^ White, W.T.; Valenti, S.V. (2016). "Cirrhigaleus australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T161321A68617985. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T161321A68617985.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
- ^ a b Stevens, John D.; Last, Peter R.; White, William T. (2007-08-27). "Cirrhigaleus australis n. sp., a new Mandarin dogfish (Squaliformes: Squalidae) from the south-west Pacific". Zootaxa. 1560 (1): 19–30. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1560.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334.
- ^ a b "New Mandarin shark Discovered Archived 2007-07-13 at archive.today". Practical Fishkeeping. Retrieved on 1008-10-17.
- ^ McGrouther, Mark (12 October 2018). "Mandarin Shark, Cirrhigaleus australis White, Last & Stevens, 2007". The Australian Museum. Retrieved 2019-01-19.
- ^ "Southern Mandarin Dogfish Archived 2009-02-05 at the Wayback Machine". Australian Museum. Retrieved on 2008-12-01.
- ^ a b "Cirrhigaleus australis Southern Mandarin Dogfish". FishBase. Retrieved on 2008-10-14.
- ^ "Marine voyages discover hundreds of new species in the Southern Ocean". CSIRO. Retrieved on 2008-11-20.
- ^ "Hundreds of new animal species discovered". NBC News. Retrieved on 2008-11-20.
- ^ Duffy, Clinton A. J.; Francis, Malcolm; Dunn, M. R.; Finucci, Brit; Ford, Richard; Hitchmough, Rod; Rolfe, Jeremy (2018). Conservation status of New Zealand chondrichthyans (chimaeras, sharks and rays), 2016 (PDF). Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation. p. 10. ISBN 9781988514628. OCLC 1042901090.