The Christian Social People's Party (Luxembourgish: Chrëschtlech Sozial Vollekspartei, French: Parti populaire chrétien-social, German: Christlich Soziale Volkspartei; CSV or PCS) is the largest political party in Luxembourg. The party follows a Christian democratic[1][2][3][4] and conservative[5][6][7] ideology and has been described as centre[8][9] to centre-right.[10][11][12][13][14] Furthermore, akin to most parties in Luxembourg, it is strongly pro-European.[15] The CSV is a member of the Christian Group,[16] European People's Party, and the Centrist Democrat International.
Christian Social People's Party Chrëschtlech-Sozial Vollekspartei | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | CSV PCS |
| President | Luc Frieden |
| General Secretary | Françoise Kemp Alex Donnersbach |
| Founded | December 1944 |
| Preceded by | Party of the Right |
| Youth wing | Christian Social Youth |
| Ideology | Christian democracy Conservatism Pro-Europeanism |
| Political position | Centre to centre-right |
| Regional affiliation | Christian Group |
| European affiliation | European People's Party |
| European Parliament group | European People's Party |
| International affiliation | Centrist Democrat International |
| Colours | Black Light blue Orange White |
| Slogan | Kloer, no & gerecht. (Clear, close, and just.) |
| Chamber of Deputies | 21 / 60 |
| European Parliament | 2 / 6 |
| Local councils | 192 / 722 |
| Benelux Parliament | 2 / 7 |
| Website | |
| www | |
The CSV has been the largest party in the Chamber of Deputies since the party's formation, and currently holds 21 of 60 seats in the Chamber. Since the Second World War, every Prime Minister of Luxembourg has been a member of the CSV, with only two exceptions: Gaston Thorn (1974–1979), and Xavier Bettel (2013–2023). It holds two of Luxembourg's six seats in the European Parliament, as it has for 14 of the 44 years for which MEPs have been directly elected.
The party's President has been Prime Minister Luc Frieden since March 2024. A leading figure from the party is the former prime minister, Jean-Claude Juncker, who previously governed in coalition with the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) until the 2013 general election.
History
edit
The earliest roots of the CSV date back to the foundation of the Party of the Right on 16 January 1914.
In December 1944, the Party of the Right was officially transformed into the Luxembourg Christian Social People's Party. "Luxembourg" was dropped from the name by late March 1945. The first elections after the Second World War took place in 1945; the party won 25 out of 51 seats, missing an absolute majority by a single seat.
From 1945 to 1974, the party was in government and gave Luxembourg the following Prime Ministers: Pierre Dupong, Joseph Bech, Pierre Frieden, and Pierre Werner. Mostly in coalition with the Democratic Party (DP), it gave Luxembourg a certain economic and social stability.
In the 1950s, the party structure underwent a certain democratisation: the party's youth section (founded in 1953) and women's section received representation in the party's central organs.[17]
The party went into opposition for the first time in 1974, when the Democratic Party's Gaston Thorn became Prime Minister in coalition with the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP). In 1979, the party returned to government after its victory in the 1979 general election; Pierre Werner became PM.
In 1984, Jacques Santer became PM. He remained as such until 1995, when Jean-Claude Juncker became PM, with Santer meanwhile taking up the post of President of the European Commission.
Following the 2013 general election, the party went into opposition for the second time in its history as the Democratic Party's Xavier Bettel became Prime Minister in coalition with the LSAP and The Greens, making it the first time in Luxembourg's history that a three-party coalition government had been formed. This also marked the first time that The Greens were part of a governmental coalition. Despite remaining the largest party, the result of the 2018 general election represented the lowest public support in the party's history.
Election results
editChamber of Deputies
edit| Election | Votes | % | Elected seats | Seats after | +/– | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1945 | 907,601 | 44.7 (#1) | 25 / 51
|
New | Coalition | |
| 1948[a] | 386,972 | 36.3 (#1) | 9 / 26
|
22 / 51
|
 2
|
Coalition |
| 1951[a] | 425,545 | 42.1 (#1) | 12 / 26
|
21 / 52
|
1
|
Coalition |
| 1954 | 1,003,406 | 45.2 (#1) | 26 / 52
|
 5
|
Coalition | |
| 1959 | 896,840 | 38.9 (#1) | 21 / 52
|
5
|
Coalition | |
| 1964 | 883,079 | 35.7 (#1) | 22 / 56
|
1
|
Coalition | |
| 1968 | 915,944 | 37.5 (#1) | 21 / 56
|
1
|
Coalition | |
| 1974 | 836,990 | 29.9 (#1) | 18 / 59
|
3
|
Opposition | |
| 1979 | 1,049,390 | 36.4 (#1) | 24 / 59
|
6
|
Coalition | |
| 1984 | 1,148,085 | 36.7 (#1) | 25 / 64
|
1
|
Coalition | |
| 1989 | 977,521 | 32.4 (#1) | 22 / 60
|
3
|
Coalition | |
| 1994 | 887,651 | 30.3 (#1) | 21 / 60
|
1
|
Coalition | |
| 1999 | 870,985 | 30.1 (#1) | 19 / 60
|
2
|
Coalition | |
| 2004 | 1,103,825 | 36.1 (#1) | 24 / 60
|
5
|
Coalition | |
| 2009 | 1,129,368 | 38.0 (#1) | 26 / 60
|
2
|
Coalition | |
| 2013 | 1,103,636 | 33.7 (#1) | 23 / 60
|
3
|
Opposition | |
| 2018 | 999,381 | 28.3 (#1) | 21 / 60
|
2
|
Opposition | |
| 2023 | 1,099,427 | 29.2 (#1) | 21 / 60
|
 0
|
Coalition | |
European Parliament
edit| Election | List leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | EP Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1979 | Pierre Werner | 352,296 | 36.13 (#1) | 3 / 6
|
New | EPP |
| 1984 | Jacques Santer | 345,586 | 34.90 (#1) | 3 / 6
|
0
| |
| 1989 | 346,621 | 34.87 (#1) | 3 / 6
|
0
| ||
| 1994 | Jean-Claude Juncker | 319,462 | 31.50 (#1) | 2 / 6
|
1
| |
| 1999 | 321,021 | 31.67 (#1) | 2 / 6
|
0
|
EPP-ED | |
| 2004 | 404,823 | 37.14 (#1) | 3 / 6
|
1
| ||
| 2009 | Viviane Reding | 353,094 | 31.36 (#1) | 3 / 6
|
0
|
EPP |
| 2014 | 441,578 | 37.66 (#1) | 3 / 6
|
0
| ||
| 2019 | Christophe Hansen | 264,665 | 21.10 (#2) | 2 / 6
|
1
| |
| 2024 | 317,334 | 22.91 (#1) | 2 / 6
|
0
|
Party office-holders
editPresidents
edit- Émile Reuter (1945–1964)
- Tony Biever (1964–1965)
- Jean Dupong (1965–1972)
- Nicolas Mosar (1972–1974)
- Jacques Santer (1974–1982)
- Jean Spautz (1982–1990)
- Jean-Claude Juncker (1990–1995)
- Erna Hennicot-Schoepges (1995–2003)
- François Biltgen (2003–2009)[18]
- Michel Wolter (2009–2014)[19]
- Marc Spautz (2014–2019)
- Frank Engel (2019–2021)
- Claude Wiseler (2021–2023)
- Elisabeth Margue (2022-2024)
- Luc Frieden (since 2024)
General Secretaries
edit- Nicolas Hommel (1944–1946)
- Lambert Schaus (1945–1952)
- Pierre Grégoire (1952–1960)
- Nicolas Mosar (1960–1972)
- Jacques Santer (1972–1974)
- Jean Weber (1974–1977)
- Jean-Pierre Kraemer (1977–1984)
- Willy Bourg (1984–1990)
- Camille Dimmer (1990–1995)
- Claude Wiseler (1995–2000)
- Jean-Louis Schiltz (2000–2006)[20]
- Marco Schank (2006–2009)
- Marc Spautz (2009–2012)
- Laurent Zeimet (2012–2019)
- Félix Eischen (2019–2021)
- Christophe Hansen (2021–2023)
Presidents of Christian Social People's Party in the Chamber of Deputies
edit- Tony Biever (1959–1974)
- Pierre Werner (1974–1979)
- Nicolas Mosar (1979–1984)
- François Colling (1984–1995)
- Lucien Weiler (1996–2004)
- Michel Wolter (2004–2009)
- Jean-Louis Schiltz (2009–2011)
- Lucien Thiel (2011)+
- Marc Spautz (2011–2013)
- Gilles Roth (2013)
- Claude Wiseler (2014–2018)
- Martine Hansen (2018–2023)[21]
- Marc Spautz (2023-present)
+ Died in office
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2018). "Luxembourg". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
- ^ Hans Slomp (2011). Europe, A Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics. ABC-CLIO. p. 477. ISBN 978-0-313-39182-8.
- ^ Bale, Tim (2021). Riding the populist wave: Europe's mainstream right in crisis. Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-009-00686-6. OCLC 1256593260.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2018). "Luxembourg". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
- ^ "EU elections 2019: Country-by-country full results". Euronews. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
The liberal Democratic Party and the conservative Christian Social People's Party will both send two MEPs to the European Parliament having scored 21.44 and 21.1% respectively.
- ^ Newton-Small, Jay (28 July 2016). "An Italian Politician Campaigns for Hillary Clinton in Philadelphia". Time (magazine). Retrieved 6 May 2022.
European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker, who belongs to the conservative Christian Social People's Party, last week not-so-subtly said he's supporting "a female candidate" for president of the United States.
- ^ Banea, Andra; David An, Fengwei; Steenland, Robert; Brăileanu, Simona (6 May 2019). "EU country briefing: Luxembourg". EURACTIV. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
Over time, these parties have evolved and re-branded themselves as the social democratic Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP), the liberal Democratic Party (DP) and the conservative Christian Social People's Party (CSV).
- ^ Terry, Chris (6 May 2014). "Christian Social People's Party (CSV)". The Democratic Society.
- ^ "All about the Lëtzebuerger Chrestlech Sozial Vollekspartei (CSV)". Luxembourg Times. 6 October 2013.
- ^ Josep M. Colomer (2008). Comparative European Politics. Taylor & Francis. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-203-94609-1.
- ^ "Social democrats gain in polls, Greens lose". Luxembourg Times. 4 December 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
Centre-right CSV is still the biggest party in the country, but keeps shrinking
- ^ Huberty, Martine; Hennebert, Jean-Michel (9 October 2017). "Election results: focus on the capital". Delano. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
The local elections showed an overall strengthening of the centre-right CSV in bigger towns across Luxembourg.
- ^ Dallison, Paul (8 January 2014). "The highs and the lows". Politico. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
Juncker's centre-right Christian Social People's party (CVSP) won 23 seats in the 60-strong parliament but a coalition of the liberal Democratic Party (DP), the centre-left LSAP and the Greens meant Juncker's days were numbered.
- ^ Nisbet, Robert (6 June 2014). "Juncker A Wily Politician Who Enjoys The Game". Sky News. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
Juncker Jr. studied law at university but never practiced, honing his political skills by joining the centre-right Christian Social People's Party which fast-tracked him to a deputy's position (similar to a British MP) when he was just 30.
- ^ Terry, Chris (6 May 2014). "Christian Social People's Party (CSV)". The Democratic Society.
- ^ "Politieke fracties". Benelux Parliament (in Dutch). Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "Geschicht". CSV.lu. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
- ^ "François Biltgen". Service Information et Presse. 7 June 2006. Archived from the original on 9 July 2006. Retrieved 18 July 2006.
- ^ "New leader for the CSV". Archived from the original on 26 May 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
- ^ "Perséinlechkeeten aus der CSV" (in Luxembourgish). Christian Social People's Party. Archived from the original on 26 January 2009. Retrieved 16 January 2009.
- ^ "Martine Hansen". Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg (in French). Retrieved 27 September 2020.
Further reading
edit- Poirie, Philippe (2004). Steven Van Hecke; Emmanuel Gerard (eds.). At the Centre of the State: Christian Democracy in Luxembourg | Christian Democratic Parties in Europe Since the End of the Cold War. Leuven University Press. pp. 179–195. ISBN 90-5867-377-4.
- Schaus, Émile (1974). Ursprung und Leistung einer Partei: Rechtspartei und Christlich-Soziale Volkspartei 1914-1974. Luxembourg : Sankt-Paulus-Druckerei.
- Trausch, Gilbert, ed. (2008). CSV Spiegelbild eines Landes und seiner Politik? Geschichte der Christlich-Sozialen Volkspartei Luxemburgs im 20. Jahrhundert. Luxembourg: Éditions Saint-Paul.
External links
edit
Media related to Chrëschtlech Sozial Vollekspartei at Wikimedia Commons