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2002 California gubernatorial election

(Redirected from California gubernatorial election, 2002)

The 2002 California gubernatorial election was an election that occurred on November 5, 2002. Gray Davis, a Democrat and the incumbent governor of California, defeated the Republican challenger Bill Simon by 5% and was re-elected to a second four-year term. Davis would be recalled less than a year into his next term.

2002 California gubernatorial election
← 1998 November 5, 2002 2003 (recall) →
Turnout36.05% Decrease5.38pp
 
Nominee Gray Davis Bill Simon Peter Camejo
Party Democratic Republican Green
Popular vote 3,533,490 3,169,801 393,036
Percentage 47.26% 42.40% 5.26%
Davis:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Simon:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%
Governor before election

Gray Davis
Democratic

Elected Governor

Gray Davis
Democratic

The 2002 gubernatorial primary occurred in March 2002. Davis faced no major competitor in the primary and won the nomination. Simon defeated former Los Angeles mayor Richard Riordan in the Republican primary. Davis ran a series of negative advertisements against Riordan in the primary. Riordan was seen as a moderate and early state polls showed him defeating Gray Davis in the general election. This election is the last time that a gubernatorial candidate was elected governor of California by a single-digit margin.

Primary election

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During the 2002 election campaign, Davis took the unusual step of taking out campaign advertisements during the Republican primaries against Los Angeles mayor Richard Riordan. Davis stated that Riordan had attacked his record and that his campaign was defending his record.[1] Polls showed that, as a moderate, Riordan would be a more formidable challenger in the general election than a conservative candidate. Polls even showed that Riordan would defeat Davis.[2] Davis attacked Riordan with negative advertisements in the primary. The advertisements questioned Riordan's support of anti-abortion politicians and judges.[3][4] The advertisements cited Riordan's position of wanting a moratorium on the death penalty as being to the left of Davis, who strongly supported it.[5][6][7]

In 2000, the United States Supreme Court in California Democratic Party v. Jones struck down California's blanket primary.[8] With the end of the blanket primary, only non-partisans and registered Republicans could vote for Riordan in the 2002 primary. The end of the blanket primary made it more difficult for the more moderate Riordan. It has long been known in politics that primary voters are much more ideological and strongly liberal or strongly conservative than those who vote in the general election.[9]

The Republican primary included negative attacks between Bill Jones and Riordan. Jones highlighted in his attack advertisements against Riordan that Riordan had contributed money to Davis in past campaigns and had called Bill Clinton "the greatest leader in the free world". Riordan's counter advertisements highlighted that Jones had also contributed money to Davis. By late February 2002, Riordan's strong lead in the Republican primary had begun to slip. In the previous months of the campaign, Riordan focused his advertisements and energies on campaigning against Gray Davis and defending himself from Davis' attack advertisements.[5] Davis' negative advertisements against Riordan appear to have contributed to Riordan's defeat in the Republican primary by the more staunchly conservative candidate Bill Simon.[10]

Results

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Democratic

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Democratic primary results[11]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Gray Davis (incumbent) 1,755,276 80.90%
Democratic Anselmo A. Chavez 179,301 8.26%
Democratic Charles "Chuck" Pineda Jr. 139,121 6.41%
Democratic Mosemarie Boyd 95,857 4.42%
Total votes 2,169,555 100.00%

Republican

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Republican primary results by county
  Simon
  •   30–40%
  •   40–50%
  •   50–60%
  •   >90%
  Riordan
  •   30–40%
  •   40–50%
  Jones
  •   40–50%
  •   50-60%
  •   60–70%
 
Republican primary results by congressional district
  Simon
  •   40–50%
  •   50–60%
  •   60–70%
  Riordan
  •   40–50%
  •   50–60%
  Jones
  •   40–50%
  •   50-60%
  •   60–70%
Republican primary results[11]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Bill Simon 1,129,973 49.44%
Republican Richard Riordan 715,768 31.32%
Republican Bill Jones 387,237 16.94%
Republican Nick Jesson 19,287 0.84%
Republican Edie Bukewihge 14,436 0.63%
Republican Danney Ball 13,156 0.58%
Republican Jim Dimov 5,595 0.24%
Total votes 2,285,452 100.00%

Green

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Green primary results[11]
Party Candidate Votes %
Green Peter Miguel Camejo 35,767 100.00%
Total votes 35,767 100.00%

American Independent

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American Independent primary results[11]
Party Candidate Votes %
American Independent Reinhold Gulke 26,269 100.00%
Total votes 26,269 100.00%

Libertarian

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Libertarian primary[11]
Party Candidate Votes %
Libertarian Gary David Copeland 19,079 98.80%
Libertarian Art Olivier (write-in) 232 1.20%
Total votes 19,311 100.00%

Natural Law

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Natural Law primary[11]
Party Candidate Votes %
Natural Law Iris Adam 4,402 100.00%
Total votes 4,402 100.00%

General election

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Campaign

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Davis was re-elected in the November 2002 general election following a long and bitter campaign against Simon, marked by accusations of ethical lapses on both sides and widespread voter apathy.[12] Simon was also hurt by a financial fraud scandal that tarnished his reputation.[13] Davis' campaign featured several negative advertisements that highlighted Simon's financial fraud scandal.[14] Simon attacked Davis for supposedly fundraising in the lieutenant governor of California's office during his time as Lieutenant Governor; the attack backfired when it turned out the photograph had been instead taken in a private home in Santa Monica.[15][16]

The 2002 gubernatorial race was the most expensive in California state history with over $100 million spent.[17] Davis' campaign was better financed; Davis had over $26 million in campaign reserves more than Simon in August 2002.[14] Davis won re-election with 47.3% of the vote to Simon's 42.4%. It had the lowest voter turnout percentage in modern gubernatorial history, allowing for a lower than normal number of signatures required for a recall election, which ultimately qualified in 2003.[18] Davis won the election but the majority of the voters disliked Davis and did not approve of his job performance.[19][20]

Predictions

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Source Ranking As of
The Cook Political Report[21] Lean D October 31, 2002
Sabato's Crystal Ball[22] Likely D November 4, 2002

Polling

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Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[a] 		Margin
of error 		Gray
Davis (D) 		Bill
Simon (R) 		Peter
Camejo (G) 		Gary
Copeland (L) 		Other /
Undecided
SurveyUSA[23] November 1–3, 2002 563 (LV) ± 4.2% 45% 39% 8% 4% 5%

Results

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2002 California gubernatorial election[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Gray Davis (incumbent) 3,533,490 47.26% −10.71%
Republican Bill Simon 3,169,801 42.40% +4.02%
Green Peter Miguel Camejo 393,036 5.26% +4.01%
Libertarian Gary David Copeland 161,203 2.16% +1.28%
American Independent Reinhold Gulke 128,035 1.71% +1.26%
Natural Law Iris Adam 88,415 1.18% +0.81%
Write-in 2,331 0.03%
Invalid or blank votes 262,470 3.39%
Majority 363,689 4.86%
Total votes 7,476,311[b] 100.00%
Democratic hold Swing -14.73%

Results by county

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County Gray Davis
Democratic 		Bill Simon
Republican 		Peter Camejo
Green 		Gary Copeland
Libertarian 		Reinhold Gulke
AIP 		Iris Adam
NLP 		All Others
Write-in 		Margin Total votes cast[24]
# % # % # % # % # % # % # % # %
Alameda 216,058 62.83% 76,407 22.22% 37,919 11.03% 6,558 1.91% 3,622 1.05% 3,319 0.97% 18 0.01% 139,651 40.61% 343,901
Alpine 229 40.89% 247 44.11% 40 7.14% 15 2.68% 17 3.04% 12 2.14% 0 0.00% -18 -3.21% 560
Amador 4,437 34.19% 6,997 53.91% 740 5.70% 246 1.90% 338 2.60% 220 1.70% 0 0.00% -2.560 -19.73% 12,978
Butte 19,437 31.63% 32,706 53.22% 5,963 9.70% 1,050 1.71% 1,497 2.44% 802 1.30% 2 0.00% -13,269 -21.59% 61,457
Calaveras 5,052 33.25% 8,104 53.34% 875 5.76% 434 2.86% 489 3.22% 240 1.58% 0 0.00% -3,052 -20.09% 15,194
Colusa 1,243 27.17% 2,996 65.49% 131 2.86% 48 1.05% 118 2.58% 39 0.85% 0 0.00% -1,753 -38.32% 4,575
Contra Costa 140,975 53.22% 94,487 35.67% 16,676 6.30% 5,894 2.23% 3,905 1.47% 2,931 1.11% 2 0.00% 46,488 17.55% 264,870
Del Norte 2,922 43.29% 3,093 45.82% 207 3.07% 165 2.44% 239 3.54% 124 1.84% 0 0.00% -171 -2.53% 6,750
El Dorado 16,402 29.43% 32,898 59.03% 3,418 6.13% 1,072 1.92% 1,203 2.16% 736 1.32% 0 0.00% -16,496 -29.60% 55,729
Fresno 59,019 37.96% 85,910 55.26% 3,508 2.26% 3,560 2.29% 2,214 1.42% 1,260 0.81% 0 0.00% -26,891 -17.30% 155,471
Glenn 1,685 25.86% 4,268 65.49% 187 2.87% 96 1.47% 200 3.07% 81 1.24% 0 0.00% -2,583 -39.63% 6,517
Humboldt 19,499 45.44% 16,118 37.56% 5,170 12.05% 961 2.24% 547 1.27% 612 1.43% 0 0.00% 3,381 7.88% 42,907
Imperial 11,644 53.29% 8,789 40.23% 546 2.50% 258 1.18% 360 1.65% 252 1.15% 0 0.00% 2,855 13.07% 21,849
Inyo 2,114 33.62% 3,567 56.73% 210 3.34% 142 2.26% 159 2.53% 96 1.53% 0 0.00% -1,453 -23.11% 6,288
Kern 46,250 33.69% 82,660 60.21% 1,965 1.43% 1,839 1.34% 3,002 2.19% 1,568 1.14% 4 0.00% -36,410 -26.52% 137,288
Kings 7,776 36.65% 12,212 57.56% 298 1.40% 246 1.16% 491 2.31% 192 0.91% 0 0.00% -4,436 -20.91% 21,215
Lake 7,424 46.71% 6,459 40.64% 965 6.07% 336 2.11% 451 2.84% 258 1.62% 0 0.00% 965 6.07% 15,893
Lassen 2,429 31.57% 4,512 58.64% 155 2.01% 166 2.16% 317 4.12% 115 1.49% 0 0.00% -2,083 -27.07% 7,694
Los Angeles 953,162 55.87% 594,748 34.86% 72,886 4.27% 39,934 2.34% 25,160 1.47% 19,067 1.12% 1,102 0.06% 358,414 21.01% 1,706,059
Madera 8,217 31.40% 15,998 61.13% 517 1.98% 517 1.98% 651 2.49% 269 1.03% 0 0.00% -7,781 -29.73% 26,169
Marin 49,512 56.23% 24,520 27.85% 10,710 12.16% 1,502 1.71% 917 1.04% 890 1.01% 4 0.00% 24,992 28.38% 88,055
Mariposa 2,126 32.78% 3,720 57.36% 215 3.32% 130 2.00% 193 2.98% 101 1.56% 0 0.00% -1,594 -24.58% 6,485
Mendocino 10,832 43.50% 8,331 33.45% 4,119 16.54% 581 2.33% 680 2.73% 359 1.44% 2 0.01% 2,501 10.04% 24,904
Merced 18,071 44.56% 19,191 47.32% 792 1.95% 1,379 3.40% 749 1.85% 374 0.92% 2 0.00% -1,120 -2.76% 40,558
Modoc 900 26.62% 2,161 63.92% 54 1.60% 67 1.98% 145 4.29% 54 1.60% 0 0.00% -1,261 -37.30% 3,381
Mono 1,064 35.99% 1,552 52.50% 154 5.21% 64 2.17% 76 2.57% 46 1.56% 0 0.00% -488 -16.51% 2,956
Monterey 47,052 54.10% 31,532 36.25% 3,794 4.36% 2,191 2.52% 1,402 1.61% 1,003 1.15% 0 0.00% 15,520 17.84% 86,974
Napa 17,516 47.76% 13,483 36.77% 3,570 9.73% 774 2.11% 824 2.25% 505 1.38% 0 0.00% 4,033 11.00% 36,672
Nevada 13,338 33.93% 20,573 52.33% 3,297 8.39% 743 1.89% 817 2.08% 546 1.39% 1 0.00% -7,235 -18.40% 39,315
Orange 222,149 34.66% 368,152 57.43% 16,670 2.60% 14,668 2.29% 10,393 1.62% 8,374 1.31% 602 0.09% -146,003 -22.78% 641,008
Placer 28,495 29.66% 58,623 61.03% 4,657 4.85% 1,500 1.56% 1,556 1.62% 1,222 1.27% 3 0.00% -30,128 -31.37% 96,056
Plumas 2,598 33.06% 4,310 54.85% 380 4.84% 182 2.32% 264 3.36% 124 1.58% 0 0.00% -1,712 -21.79% 7,858
Riverside 121,845 40.25% 159,440 52.68% 5,995 1.98% 6,601 2.18% 5,530 1.83% 2,987 0.99% 285 0.09% -37,595 -12.42% 302,683
Sacramento 129,143 40.82% 147,456 46.60% 22,232 7.03% 6,634 2.10% 6,245 1.97% 4,668 1.48% 19 0.01% -18,313 -5.79% 316,397
San Benito 6,049 48.89% 5,163 41.73% 504 4.07% 275 2.22% 208 1.68% 174 1.41% 0 0.00% 886 7.16% 12,373
San Bernardino 116,757 41.23% 142,513 50.32% 6,754 2.38% 6,485 2.29% 6,884 2.43% 3,751 1.32% 47 0.02% -25,756 -9.09% 283,191
San Diego 268,278 40.57% 342,095 51.73% 18,184 2.75% 13,742 2.08% 11,246 1.70% 7,662 1.16% 91 0.01% -73,817 -11.16% 661,298
San Francisco 143,102 66.20% 33,214 15.37% 33,495 15.50% 3,048 1.41% 1,639 0.76% 1,649 0.76% 9 0.00% 109,607[c] 50.70% 216,196
San Joaquin 53,747 43.54% 58,239 47.18% 4,630 3.75% 2,540 2.06% 2,736 2.22% 1,546 1.25% 5 0.00% -4,492 -3.64% 123,443
San Luis Obispo 29,732 36.40% 43,552 53.31% 4,189 5.13% 1,618 1.98% 1,531 1.87% 1,033 1.26% 35 0.04% -13,820 -16.92% 81,690
San Mateo 99,803 57.95% 51,497 29.90% 13,537 7.86% 3,205 1.86% 2,144 1.24% 2,020 1.17% 4 0.00% 48,306 28.05% 172,210
Santa Barbara 50,741 44.32% 52,832 46.15% 5,785 5.05% 2,586 2.26% 1,401 1.22% 1,141 1.00% 5 0.00% -2,091 -1.83% 114,491
Santa Clara 199,399 55.33% 116,862 32.43% 24,097 6.69% 9,430 2.62% 5,951 1.65% 4,652 1.29% 5 0.00% 82,537 22.90% 360,396
Santa Cruz 43,469 56.03% 20,598 26.55% 9,409 12.13% 1,777 2.29% 1,166 1.50% 1,164 1.50% 1 0.00% 22,871 29.48% 77,584
Shasta 15,292 31.49% 28,625 58.95% 1,283 2.64% 942 1.94% 1,664 3.43% 753 1.55% 0 0.00% -13,333 -27.46% 48,559
Sierra 420 29.21% 805 55.98% 72 5.01% 67 4.66% 50 3.48% 24 1.67% 0 0.00% -385 -26.77% 1,438
Siskiyou 4,972 31.87% 9,112 58.40% 437 2.80% 386 2.47% 440 2.82% 252 1.62% 4 0.03% -4,140 -26.53% 15,603
Solano 46,385 52.40% 33,516 37.86% 4,038 4.56% 1,316 1.49% 2,174 2.46% 1,092 1.23% 1 0.00% 12,869 14.54% 88,522
Sonoma 73,079 50.39% 43,408 29.93% 19,599 13.51% 3,097 2.14% 3,529 2.43% 2,312 1.59% 4 0.00% 29,671 20.46% 145,028
Stanislaus 41,908 43.57% 46,091 47.91% 2,967 3.08% 1,385 1.44% 2,732 2.84% 1,111 1.15% 0 0.00% -4,183 -4.35% 96,194
Sutter 5,782 29.85% 12,024 62.08% 620 3.20% 242 1.25% 463 2.39% 239 1.23% 0 0.00% -6,242 -32.23% 19,370
Tehama 5,000 32.48% 9,010 58.54% 361 2.35% 254 1.65% 537 3.49% 230 1.49% 0 0.00% -4,010 -26.05% 15,392
Trinity 1,833 37.23% 2,421 49.17% 272 5.52% 140 2.84% 165 3.35% 93 1.89% 0 0.00% -588 -11.94% 4.924
Tulare 21,294 34.07% 37,172 59.48% 1,090 1.74% 1,208 1.93% 1,180 1.89% 553 0.88% 1 0.00% -15,878 -25.41% 62,498
Tuolumne 6,846 38.16% 9,251 51.56% 773 4.31% 328 1.83% 476 2.65% 267 1.49% 1 0.01% -2,405 -13.40% 17,942
Ventura 83,557 43.21% 91,193 47.16% 6,563 3.39% 5,787 2.99% 3,733 1.93% 2,483 1.28% 71 0.04% -7,636 -3.95% 193,387
Yolo 21,983 47.43% 17,484 37.72% 4,934 10.64% 543 1.17% 842 1.82% 566 1.22% 1 0.00% 4,499 9.71% 46,353
Yuba 3,447 29.71% 6,904 59.50% 428 3.69% 249 2.15% 373 3.21% 202 1.74% 0 0.00% -3,457 -29.79% 11,603
Total 3,533,490 47.26% 3,169,801 42.40% 393,036 5.26% 161,203 2.16% 128,035 1.71% 88,415 1.18% 2,331 0.03% 363,689 4.86% 7,476,311

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

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Results by congressional district

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Davis won 33 districts, while Simon won the other 20.[25]

District Davis Simon Camejo Representative
1st 46.9% 36.3% 11.2% Mike Thompson
2nd 31.1% 57.6% 5.3% Wally Herger
3rd 34.0% 54.5% 5.8% Doug Ose
4th 30.6% 58.5% 5.6% John Doolittle
5th 50.4% 35.3% 8.7% Bob Matsui
6th 53.1% 28.6% 13.2% Lynn Woolsey
7th 59.7% 29.1% 5.9% George Miller
8th 66.7% 13.9% 16.4% Nancy Pelosi
9th 67.5% 12.8% 16.2% Barbara Lee
10th 49.9% 39.1% 6.2% Ellen Tauscher
11th 40.9% 50.5% 3.8% Richard Pombo
12th 60.3% 27.3% 8.6% Tom Lantos
13th 62.8% 26.7% 6.3% Pete Stark
14th 54.9% 31.3% 8.8% Anna Eshoo
15th 55.0% 33.4% 6.3% Mike Honda
16th 56.3% 31.3% 6.0% Zoe Lofgren
17th 55.4% 32.3% 7.2% Sam Farr
18th 50.5% 40.2% 3.1% Gary Condit (107th Congress)
Dennis Cardoza (108th Congress)
19th 35.7% 56.6% 2.7% George Radanovich
20th 53.1% 40.6% 2.1% Cal Dooley
21st 32.4% 60.9% 1.8% Bill Thomas (107th Congress)
Devin Nunes (108th Congress)
22nd 28.8% 64.3% 1.9% Lois Capps (107th Congress)
Bill Thomas (108th Congress)
23rd 48.0% 40.7% 5.8% Elton Gallegly (107th Congress)
Lois Capps (108th Congress)
24th 39.4% 52.1% 3.0% Brad Sherman (107th Congress)
Elton Gallegly (108th Congress)
25th 34.3% 57.5% 2.4% Buck McKeon
26th 37.6% 54.3% 3.0% Howard Berman (107th Congress)
David Dreier (108th Congress)
27th 50.1% 40.0% 4.1% Adam Schiff (107th Congress)
Brad Sherman (108th Congress)
28th 62.2% 27.9% 5.0% David Dreier (107th Congress)
Howard Berman (108th Congress)
29th 52.2% 38.7% 4.7% Henry Waxman (107th Congress)
Adam Schiff (108th Congress)
30th 57.1% 33.0% 5.3% Xavier Becerra (107th Congress)
Henry Waxman (108th Congress)
31st 68.6% 19.5% 7.5% Hilda Solis (107th Congress)
Xavier Becerra (108th Congress)
32nd 59.5% 31.9% 3.6% Diane Watson (107th Congress)
Hilda Solis (108th Congress)
33rd 74.7% 15.2% 5.2% Lucille Roybal-Allard (107th Congress)
Diane Watson (108th Congress)
34th 63.4% 27.3% 4.7% Grace Napolitano (107th Congress)
Lucille Roybal-Allard (108th Congress)
35th 73.6% 18.6% 3.0% Maxine Waters
36th 49.5% 39.8% 4.9% Jane Harman
37th 67.7% 23.6% 3.7% Juanita Millender-McDonald
38th 62.3% 28.7% 4.3% Steve Horn (107th Congress)
Grace Napolitano (108th Congress)
39th 54.1% 38.0% 3.3% Ed Royce (107th Congress)
Linda Sánchez (108th Congress)
40th 34.6% 57.7% 2.4% Jerry Lewis (107th Congress)
Ed Royce (108th Congress)
41st 35.5% 55.5% 2.2% Gary Miller (107th Congress)
Jerry Lewis (108th Congress)
42nd 31.9% 61.1% 2.2% Joe Baca (107th Congress)
Gary Miller (108th Congress)
43rd 57.4% 34.6% 2.8% Ken Calvert (107th Congress)
Joe Baca (108th Congress)
44th 37.0% 55.4% 2.5% Mary Bono (107th Congress)
Ken Calvert (108th Congress)
45th 42.3% 51.5% 1.7% Dana Rohrabacher (107th Congress)
Mary Bono (108th Congress)
46th 36.4% 55.8% 2.9% Loretta Sanchez (107th Congress)
Dana Rohrabacher (108th Congress)
47th 50.8% 40.3% 3.1% Christopher Cox (107th Congress)
Loretta Sanchez (108th Congress)
48th 32.8% 59.4% 2.8% Darrell Issa (107th Congress)
Christopher Cox (108th Congress)
49th 32.9% 59.8% 2.0% Susan Davis (107th Congress)
Darrell Issa (108th Congress)
50th 37.3% 55.6% 2.6% Bob Filner (107th Congress)
Duke Cunningham (108th Congress)
51st 53.5% 39.7% 2.3% Duke Cunningham (107th Congress)
Bob Filner (108th Congress)
52nd 34.8% 58.0% 1.9% Duncan L. Hunter
53rd 50.6% 39.6% 4.8% Susan Davis (108th Congress)

Notes

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  1. ^ Key:
    A – all adults
    RV – registered voters
    LV – likely voters
    V – unclear
  2. ^ Total votes cast for candidates; does not include blank votes. The percentages in the Statement of Vote are based on this total, while the percentage for blank votes is calculated using the combined total of valid votes and blank votes.
  3. ^ Margin over Camejo

References

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  1. ^ "'Fight' seen in California's governor's race". Archives.cnn.com. Archived from the original on January 23, 2009. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  2. ^ Lynda Gledhill (December 13, 2001). "Riordan has edge on Davis in polls, Governor's mixed reviews seen to benefit challenger". Sfgate.com. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  3. ^ Carla Marinucci (January 26, 2002). "Davis ad assails Riordan GOP rival's stand on abortion rights challenged". Sfgate.com. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  4. ^ Wildermuth, John (January 29, 2002). "Riordan silent on abortion flap Davis ad hits GOP governor hopeful for giving to thousands to anti-choice groups". Sfgate.com. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  5. ^ a b "Top GOP governor candidates trade attacks Surveys show Simon closing in on Riordan's once imposing primary lead". Sfgate.com. February 22, 2002. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  6. ^ "Kevin Cooper Awaits DNA Test Results". Archived from the original on November 27, 2007. Retrieved August 15, 2007.
  7. ^ Saunders, Debra J. (January 27, 2002). "A man for all reasons". Sfgate.com. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  8. ^ Asseo, Laurie. "Court nixes 'blanket' primaries." Salon News. June 26, 2000. Associated Press writer. Accessed on August 13, 2007. http://www.salon.com/politics/2000/06/26/blanket/.
  9. ^ Maisel, Sandy. "Closing the Door on Moderation, One Seat at a Time." The Jewish Daily Forward. Friday, August 18, 2006. Accessed on August 13, 2007. http://www.forward.com/articles/1076/.
  10. ^ Richard L. Berke (March 6, 2002). "Novice Wins G.O.P. Primary for Governor of California". New York Times. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  11. ^ a b c d e f California Secretary of State. Statement of Vote March 5, 2002 Primary Election (PDF). Sacramento, California. pp. 1–9. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  12. ^ Carla Marinucci (September 5, 2002). "Davis, Simon heartily disliked Voter disenchantment has soared to unprecedented level, poll says". Sfgate.com. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  13. ^ Economist.com. "Gray Davis." http://www.economist.com/research/backgrounders/displaybackgrounder.cfm?bg=1922064
  14. ^ a b Carla Marinucci, Lynda Gledhill, Chronicle Staff Writers. "Davis turns up heat as Simon pares down: New ads roast GOP rival as he trims staff." The San Francisco Chronicle. Friday, August 16, 2002. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2002/08/16/MN76308.DTL
  15. ^ Carla Marinucci (October 9, 2002). "Simon's attack on Davis backfires 'Evidence' photo isn't clear proof of illegal donation". Sfgate.com. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  16. ^ "Simon Offers Snafu 'Regret'". Los Angeles Times. October 11, 2002. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
  17. ^ Cal Votes 2002 Archived 2010-06-14 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ "Polling in the Governor's Race in California". Ppic.org. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  19. ^ Lynda Gledhill (July 11, 2002). "Davis ekes out 7-point lead over Simon Field Poll shows voters against hopeful rather than for governor". Sfgate.com. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  20. ^ Robert Salladay (November 6, 2002). "NEWS ANALYSIS Big challenges ahead for not-exactly-popular incumbent". Sfgate.com. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  21. ^ "Governor Updated October 31, 2002 | The Cook Political Report". The Cook Political Report. October 31, 2002. Archived from the original on December 8, 2002. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
  22. ^ "Governors Races". www.centerforpolitics.org. November 4, 2002. Archived from the original on December 12, 2002. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
  23. ^ SurveyUSA
  24. ^ a b California Secretary of State. Statement of Vote November 5, 2002 General Election (PDF). Sacramento, California. pp. 1–6. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  25. ^ "Counties by Congressional District" (PDF). Secretary of State of California. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
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