The Brampton Assembly Plant is a former automobile manufacturing facility initially owned and operated by American Motors Corporation (AMC) in Brampton, Ontario. The factory began production in 1962 to build over 1.2 million AMC cars and Jeep vehicles through the automaker's acquisition by Chrysler in 1987, until it was closed in 1992.
| Brampton Assembly Plant | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Built | 1960 |
| Operated | 1962–1992 |
| Location | Brampton, Ontario |
| Coordinates | 43°40′41″N 79°43′19″W / 43.678°N 79.722°W |
| Industry | Automotive |
| Products | Automobiles |
| Area | 40 acres (16.2 ha) |
| Address | Kennedy Road |
| Owner(s) |
|
| Defunct | 1992 |
Chrysler sold the factory to Wal-Mart for use as a warehouse. The buildings were eventually demolished in the 2000s when the site was redeveloped into a power centre which includes a Lowe's Home Improvement store.
History
editThe factory was built at the corner of Steeles Avenue and Kennedy Road for American Motors Canada, Inc., who relocated operations from the old Danforth assembly plant (now Shoppers World Danforth) - which also previously served as the Canadian production site of the Ford Model T and Model A - to Peel-Elder's new "Peel Village" neighborhood in Brampton. The facility produced its first Rambler Classic on 26 January 1961.[1]
The facility was composed of an assembly plant, parts warehouse, and engine plant, with an annual capacity of over 50,000 vehicles while employing 1,100 hourly and 500 salaried workers.[2] The Rambler Classic was built on a line speed of 32 cars per shift.[3] The facility was soon producing 33,000 cars annually in Canada.[4] This assembly plant produced Rambler Americans, AMC Rebels, and later, Hornets, Concords, Gremlins, Spirits, and Eagles.
A long rail spur was built south from Canadian National Railway's busy Halton Sub mainline to service the plant. New automobiles were loaded with ramps onto autoracks for rail shipment at the plant.[citation needed]
With minimal Canadian production before 1965, American Motors was in the best position of the U.S. automakers to take advantage of the Canada–United States Automotive Products Agreement.[5] This plant also allowed AMC to export cars within Commonwealth countries at a favorable tariff rate, making AMC the number one US nameplate in markets such as Trinidad and Jamaica in the 1960s.[6] The assembly of Ambassador models was moved to Kenosha, Wisconsin while production of Ramblers and Rebels increased. By 1969, the output of AMC's Brampton operation was destined for the eastern half of the continent, while Kenosha supplied the western regions.[7]
In 1977, AMC hired the first female assembly worker, Cecilia Palmer, who became Canadian Auto Workers Local 1285's first sister.[3] The organization is now named Unifor Local 1285.
Passenger car assembly was moved from Brampton to Kenosha in 1978, and this allowed AMC to expand production of its popular Jeep CJ-5 and CJ-7 models.[8]
As Renault increased control of AMC since 1979, the future of the old Brampton facility was in jeopardy by 1982.[9] Renault's strategic business plan was to limit production of AMCs to Kenosha and Jeeps to Toledo as part of efforts to gain economies of scale.[9] Moreover, local production was no longer a prerequisite for duty-free access into the Canadian market as long as the car's Canadian-sourced parts content met a minimum ratio to the total value of its sales in Canada.[9]
Discussions to possibly utilize the assembly plant's capacity with Nissan ended in 1986, while at the time, AMC's president, Jose Dedeurwaerder, a former Renault executive, made an "ominous" statement that the automaker was openly looking for a partner.[10]
In 1987, with the Chrysler buyout, the AMC division and its plants (Brampton and Bramalea) were absorbed into Chrysler, becoming part of Chrysler Canada Limited. At the time of Chrysler's purchase, the combined full production capacity of the four AMC assembly plants (Brampton, Kenosha, Toledo, and the brand-new Bramalea Assembly in Brampton) had a combined annual total production capacity of around 700,000 vehicles.[11] This meant overcapacity for Chrysler, and AMC's old Kenosha and Toledo factories were at the top of Chrysler's closure list.[12] The workers in Toledo agreed to concessions to keep the factory open, but by 1990, they were pitted against Brampton Assembly and additional concessions by the Toledo employees were crucial to Chrysler's decision to close Brampton.[12] The old Brampton factory had been building the Jeep Wrangler, which in 1992 was moved to Toledo and the Brampton plant closed.[13]
With this transfer and closure, AMC's new Bramalea Assembly plant (that was built in 1986) was renamed the Brampton Assembly and began producing the new large Chrysler LH platform models (Chrysler Concorde, Dodge Intrepid, and Eagle Vision).[13] These were followed by the Chrysler LHS and New Yorker as well as the 1999 model year 300M.[13]
Legacy
editThe original AMC factory was closed on 4 April 1992[3] and sold to Wal-Mart for use as one of their Canadian warehouses. The remains of the plant's west buildings were torn down in 2005, and the land was redeveloped for commercial/retail use. Among the buildings on the site is a Lowe's home improvement store that opened on 10 December 2007, as one of the first three to be established by the retail chain in Canada.[14] The old factory's east building was demolished in 2007, and a Walmart Supercentre now occupies the site along with a warehouse.[citation needed]
Rambler Drive, a street to the west of the plant leading into the Peel Village neighborhood off Kennedy, serves as a reminder of AMC's former presence in the area.[15]
Annual production
editAmerican Motors' original Brampton production and products for model years (MY) from 1961 through 1992:[16]
| Year | Model | Units | MY totals |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1961 | Rambler Classic | 4,168 | 4,168 |
| 1962 | Rambler American | 5,050 | |
| Rambler Classic | 12,297 | 17,347 | |
| 1963 | Rambler American | 5,308 | |
| Rambler Classic | 18,941 | ||
| Rambler Ambassador | 3,242 | 27,491 | |
| 1964 | Rambler American | 11,860 | |
| Rambler Classic | 19,247 | ||
| Rambler Ambassador | 1,877 | 32,984 | |
| 1965 | Rambler American | 9,391 | |
| Rambler Classic | 18,264 | ||
| Rambler Ambassador | 6,893 | 34,548 | |
| 1966 | Rambler American | 9,314 | |
| Rambler Classic | 11,606 | ||
| AMC Ambassador | 7,852 | 28,772 | |
| 1967 | Rambler American | 5,434 | |
| AMC Rebel | 15,836 | ||
| AMC Ambassador | 10,125 | 31,395 | |
| 1968 | Rambler American | 25,296 | |
| AMC Rebel | 9,718 | ||
| AMC Ambassador | 6,413 | 41,427 | |
| 1969 | American | 24,185 | |
| AMC Rebel | 15,529 | 38,714 | |
| 1970 | AMC Hornet | 36,408 | |
| AMC Gremlin | 3,260 | ||
| AMC Rebel | 3,581 | 43,249 | |
| 1971 | AMC Hornet | 17,666 | |
| AMC Gremlin | 23,428 | 41,094 | |
| 1972 | AMC Hornet | 18,650 | |
| AMC Gremlin | 33,091 | 57,741 | |
| 1973 | AMC Hornet | 32,331 | |
| AMC Gremlin | 37,663 | 69,994 | |
| 1974 | AMC Hornet | 43,150 | |
| AMC Gremlin | 39,223 | 82,373 | |
| 1975 | AMC Hornet | 21,848 | |
| AMC Gremlin | 10,163 | 32,011 | |
| 1976 | AMC Hornet | 35,204 | |
| AMC Gremlin | 14,422 | 49,626 | |
| 1977 | AMC Hornet | 21,218 | |
| AMC Gremlin | 19,166 | 40,284 | |
| 1978 | AMC Concord | 41,017 | |
| AMC Gremlin | 4,211 | 45,228 | |
| 1979 | Jeep CJ-5 | 20,913 | |
| Jeep CJ-7 | 30,684 | 51,597 | |
| 1980 | Jeep CJ-5 | 12,050 | |
| Jeep CJ-7 | 17,993 | 30,043 | |
| 1981 | AMC Concord | 10,441 | |
| AMC Eagle | 10,347 | 20,788 | |
| 1982 | AMC Concord | 10,117 | |
| AMC Eagle | 20,900 | 31,017 | |
| 1983 | AMC Concord | 14,277 | |
| AMC Spirit | 1,689 | ||
| AMC Eagle | 10,424 | ||
| AMC Eagle SX/4 | 5,398 | 31,788 | |
| 1984 | AMC Eagle | 25,535 | |
| AMC Eagle SX/4 | 1 | 25,536 | |
| 1985 | AMC Eagle | 16,866 | 16,866 |
| 1986 | AMC Eagle | 8,217 | 8,217 |
| 1987 | AMC Eagle | 4,996 | |
| Jeep Wrangler | 44,517 | 49,513 | |
| 1988 | Eagle Wagon * | 2,305 | |
| Jeep Wrangler | 46,130 | 48,435 | |
| 1989 | Jeep Wrangler | 71,025 | 71,025 |
| 1990 | Jeep Wrangler | 57,451 | 57,451 |
| 1991 | Jeep Wrangler | 57,241 | 57,241 |
| 1992 | Jeep Wrangler | 82,015 | 82,015 |
| 1961-1992 | Grand total | 1,280,078 |
- * Note: the final AMC branded car (not Jeep), a 1988 AMC Eagle, was built on 11 December 1987, and shipped from Brampton on 15 December to a dealer in the U.S.[17]
References
edit- ^ Jacobs, Andrew James (2016). The new domestic automakers in the United States and Canada: history, impacts, and prospects. Lexington Books. p. 61. ISBN 9780739188262. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
- ^ "The Hatchery - Section II - Vehicle Production at the American Motors Corporation" (PDF). AMC Eagle Nest. p. 10. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
- ^ a b c "The History of Brampton's Largest Union Local - UNIFOR 1285". UNIFOR Local 1285. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
- ^ Anastakis, Dimitry (2005). Auto pact: creating a borderless North American auto industry, 1960-1971. University of Toronto Press. p. 125. ISBN 9780802038210. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
- ^ Anastakis, p. 128.
- ^ Billeter, Vera (1965). Logoz, Arthur (ed.). "The American Motors Story". Auto-Universum 1966 (English Edition). IX. Zürich, Switzerland: Verlag International Automobile Parade: 18.
- ^ Anastakis, pp. 128-129.
- ^ Schnapps, John B. (1978). Corporate Strategies of the Automotive Manufacturers: Strategic histories - Volume 2 of Corporate Strategies of the Automotive Manufacturers: Final Report. U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. pp. 11–23. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
- ^ a b c Perry, Ross (1982). The Future of Canada's Auto Industry: The Big Three and the Japanese Challenge. Canadian Institute for Economic Policy. p. 153. ISBN 9780888626103. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
AMC Brampton Assembly.
- ^ Cranswick, Marc (2011). The Cars of American Motors: An Illustrated History. McFarland. p. 311. ISBN 9780786485703. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
- ^ Risen, James (10 March 1987). "Chrysler Plans to Buy AMC for $757 Million: Reaches Accord on Purchasing Renault's 46.1% Interest; Wants Jeep, Assembly Plants, Dealers". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
- ^ a b Phelps, Nicholas A.; Raines, Philip (2003). The New Competition for Inward Investment: Companies, Institutions and Territorial Development. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 102. ISBN 9781781956984. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
- ^ a b c "Brampton, Ontario Chrysler plants". Allpar. 16 November 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
- ^ "Lowe's expands internationally, opens first Canadian stores" (Press release). Groupe CNW. 10 December 2007. Archived from the original on 7 November 2014. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
- ^ "Rambler Drive, Brampton, ON, Canada". Google Maps. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
- ^ Dr. Rambler (October 2009). "Brampton production figures according to Plant Tour Brochure". Geocities. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
- ^ Strang, Alan. "The Last AMC Built (from American Motoring, Newsletter of the American Motors Owners Association, Vol. 12, No. 4, September 1988". southern classic. Retrieved 7 January 2016.