Bijago or Bidyogo is the language of the Bissagos Archipelago of Guinea-Bissau. Bidyogo is the "dominant mother tongue of the archipelago population", though it is not used in schooling there, a role that has been taken on Kriol since the 1990s.[2] There are some difficulties of grammar and intelligibility between dialects, with the Kamona dialect being unintelligible to the others.
| Bidyogo | |
|---|---|
| Bijago | |
| Native to | Guinea-Bissau |
| Region | Offshore Bissagos Islands |
Native speakers | 36,000 (2022)[1] |
| Dialects |
|
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bjg |
| Glottolog | bijo1239 |
Dialects are as follows:
Characteristics
editThe Kajoko dialect is one of the few in the world known to use a linguolabial consonant, the voiced stop to tap [d̼ ~ ɾ̼], in its basic sound system (Olson et al. 2009).
Classification
editBijago is highly divergent. Sapir (1971) classified it as an isolate within the West Atlantic family. However, Segerer showed that this is primarily due to unrecognized sound changes, and that Bijago is in fact close to the Bak languages. For example, the following cognates in Bijago and Joola Kasa (a Bak language) are completely regular, but had not previously been identified (Segerer 2010):
| Gloss | Bijago | Joola Kasa |
|---|---|---|
| head | bu | fu-kow |
| eye | nɛ | ji-cil |
See also
edit- Bijogo word list (Wiktionary)
References
edit
- Olson, Kenneth S., D. William Reiman, Fernando Sabio & Filipe Alberto da Silva. 2009. The voiced linguolabial plosive in Kajoko. Chicago Linguistic Society (CLS) 45(1), 519-530.
- Segerer, Guillaume. La langue bijogo. Oxford : Pergamon Press, 1997.
- Segerer, Guillaume. Lʼorigine des Bijogo : hypothèses de linguiste. In Gaillard, Gérald (Ed), Migrations anciennes et peuplement actuel des Côtes guinéennes, Paris : LʼHarmattan, 2000, pp. 183–191
- Segerer, Guillaume. La langue bijogo de Bubaque (Guinée Bissau). Louvain, Paris : Editions Peeters, 2002. 310 pp.
- Guillaume Segerer & Florian Lionnet 2010. "'Isolates' in 'Atlantic'". Language Isolates in Africa workshop, Lyon, Dec. 4