Bhumi Sena (transl. Land Army) was a private army which operated in the Patna, Nalanda, Jehanabad, and Gaya districts of Bihar, India in the 1980s, made up of members of the Kurmi caste.[1][2][3][4]
| Bhumi Sena | |
|---|---|
| Dates of operation | 1982–1990 |
| Headquarters | Nalanda district, Bihar |
| Active regions | Nalanda, Jahanabad, Patna and Gaya districts |
| Allies | Ranvir Sena, Kuer Sena |
History
editBhumi Sena was formed by Kurmi landowners in 1982, in response to the murders of a number of prominent landlords and political agitation among Dalit labourers by the leftist groups CPI (ML) People's War, CPI (ML) Party Unity, and the Mazdoor Kisan Sangram Samiti (MKSS) .[3][4][5] Following its formation, the group gathered resources and arms from Kurmi households, and encouraged Kurmi youths to join.[3] They continued to collect protection money from Kurmi families in the regions they were active in.[3][4]
Bhumi Sena soon began to combat the leftist groups they opposed, with a series of attacks on Dalits and Maoist sympathisers, including those of the group's own Kurmi caste. Between 1982 and 1985, the group killed 65 people, set 216 houses ablaze, and drove 325 families out of their villages.[3]
The leftist groups responded by killing Bhumi Sena members, and imposing an economic blockade on the Kurmi landlords supporting the group. This strategy found success in 1984, when leftist activists burned the Kurmi landlords' harvest. The landlords agreed to cease support of the group, and paid fines in proportion to their level of support.[3]
Bhumi Sena held increasingly limited influence throughout the latter half of the 1980s, amidst continued attack by leftist groups and a changing political landscape.[4]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "A lasting signature on Bihar's most violent years - Indian Express". archive.indianexpress.com. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
- ^ CHAUDHURI, KALYAN. "End of a terror trail". Frontline. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f Kunnath, George J. (2009). "Smouldering Dalit fires in Bihar, India". Dialectical Anthropology. 33 (3/4): 309–325. doi:10.1007/s10624-009-9134-5. ISSN 0304-4092. JSTOR 29790891. S2CID 143443718.
- ^ a b c d Kumar, Ashwani (2008). Community Warriors: State, Peasants and Caste Armies in Bihar. Anthem Press. pp. 107–108. ISBN 978-1-84331-709-8.
- ^ "Agrarian Movement in Jehanabad". Economic and Political Weekly. 21 (19): 813–815. 1986. ISSN 0012-9976. JSTOR 4375648.