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Armorial of the House of Plantagenet

The House of Plantagenet was the first truly armigerous royal dynasty of England. Their predecessor, Henry I of England, had presented items decorated with a lion heraldic emblem to his son-in-law, Plantagenet founder Geoffrey, Count of Anjou, and his family experimented with different lion-bearing coats until these coalesced during the reign of his grandson, Richard I (1189–1199), into a coat of arms with three lions on a red field, formally Gules, three lions passant guardant or (armed and langued azure), that became the Royal Arms of England, and colloquially those of England itself. The various cadet branches descended from this family bore differenced versions of these arms, while later members of the House of Plantagenet would either quarter or impale these arms with others to reflect their political aspirations.

Enamel portrait of Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou (1113/17–1151), formerly on his tomb in Le Mans Cathedral, Anjou, France, now in the Museum of Archeology and History in Le Mans. Visible on half his shield of azure are four lions rampant or, arranged in a manner reminiscent of the full-shield of six lions rampant (3,2,1) borne by his grandson William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury

Overview of Plantagenet arms

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Before Edward III

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Arms of dynastic founder and kings
       
Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, illegitimate son of King Henry II 		Henry II of England (possible)
William FitzEmpress (possible)
Richard I of England (1189–1198) (likely) 		Henry II of England (possible)
John, prior to becoming king
Richard FitzRoy, John's illegitimate son 		Kings of England 1198–1340, 1360–1369
Arms of the sons of kings and their issue
       
Prince of Wales Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall, son of King John Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster, son of Henry III Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, son of Edmund Crouchback (1322–1326)
(later inherited his father's arms)
     
Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk, son of Edward I Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent, son of Edward I John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall, son of Edward II

After Edward III

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Arms of Kings
       
Kings of England 1340–1360, 1369–1395, 1399–1406 Richard II of England, 1395–1399 Kings of England 1406–1422, 1461–1470, 1471–1485 Henry VI of England, 1422–1461, 1470–1471
Arms of the sons of Edward III
         
Edward, the Black Prince Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester
Arms of the grandsons of Edward III
  Sons of John of Gaunt:
 
House of Lancaster

Sons of Edmund of Langley:
 
House of York 		 
Richard of Bordeaux,
son of the Black Prince, until 1376 		Humphrey, 2nd Earl of Buckingham,
son of Thomas, Duke of Gloucester

House of Lancaster

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Arms of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster Arms of Henry of Bolingbroke, eldest son of John of Gaunt
       
As Duke of Lancaster As claimant King of Castile (1371) As Duke of Hereford As Duke of Hereford and Lancaster
House of Henry IV
       
Princes of Wales Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
Arms of the House of Beaufort, legitimized sons of John of Gaunt
         
John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter
Before 1396 After legitimation, 1396 France moderne adopted After legitimation, 1396 France moderne adopted

House of York

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Arms of the sons of Edmund of Langley
       
Edward of Norwich, as Earl of Rutland Edward of Norwich, as Duke of York Duke of York since the adoption of France moderne Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge
Arms of the sons of Richard, 3rd Duke of York
       
Edward, Earl of March Edmund, Earl of Rutland George, Duke of Clarence Richard, Duke of Gloucester
Arms of the grandsons of Richard, 3rd Duke of York
       
Edward, Prince of Wales, son of Edward IV Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York, son of Edward IV Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick, son of George, Duke of Clarence Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales, son of Richard III

Non-Plantagenet families

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The heiresses of Norfolk and Kent transmitted the Plantagenet arms to non-Plantagenet families:

Mowbrays and Hollands
       
Mowbray Dukes of Norfolk Holland Earls of Kent John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter

Henry VI of England granted differenced versions of the Plantagenet arms to his maternal half-brothers. This was an extraordinary grant, since they were not descended from the English royal family.

House of Tudor
   
Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford

House of Plantagenet

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Colour key
(Line of descent)
  Monarchs
  Paternal descent
  Maternal descent
  Consorts
  Illegitimate descent
  Collaterals

Descendants of Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou

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Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 Geoffrey of Anjou 1113–1151 Azure, six lions rampant Or, three, two and one[1][2] Son of: Fulk, King of Jerusalem and Ermengarde, Countess of Maine.

Married to: Empress Matilda; 1128–1151.

Progenitor of the Plantagenet dynasty.

Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
  		King Henry II 1133–1189 Possible: Gules, a lion rampant (? contourné)

Possible: Gules, two lions passant[1][3]

Son of: Geoffrey of Anjou and Empress Matilda.
No contemporary account provides him with arms, though attempts have been made to extrapolate what he may have used based on those of his sons and other kin.

In French blazoning, the lion passant guardant was often termed a léopard. However, this usage was never widespread in England, and is long obsolete.[4]

 
 Queen Eleanor 1124?–1204 Attributed:Gules, a lion passant guardant in pale Or[5] Daughter of: William X, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Aquitaine and Aenor de Châtellerault.

Married to: King Henry II; 1152–1189.
There is not surviving contemporary evidence of her using arms, but later historians would attribute these arms to her.

Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
  William FitzEmpress "Longespee" 1136-1164 Possible: Lion rampant (? contourné)[6] Son of: Geoffrey of Anjou and Empress Matilda.
Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
   
    		King Richard I, "The Lionheart" 1157–1199 Possible: Lion rampant (? contourné)[7][8]

Possible: Two lions combatant[8]

Possible: Two lions passant[8]

Gules, three lions passant guardant Or[1][9]

Son of: King Henry II and Queen Eleanor.

His arms are only known from two armorial seals, and hence the tinctures can not be determined. His First Great Seal showed one lion on half of the shield. It is debated whether this was meant to represent two lions combatant or a single lion, and if the latter, whether the direction in which the lion is facing is relevant or simply an artistic liberty. A simple lion rampant is most likely.[7]

At the end of his life, his second seal showed three lions, clearly the three-lion coat used by his successors.[1][7]

 
 Queen Berengaria 1170?–1230 Azure, a cross pomettée Argent[10] Daughter of: Sancho VI of Navarre and Sancha of Castile, Queen of Navarre.

Married to: King Richard I; 1191–1199.

Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury 1176–1226 Azure, six lions guardant Or, three, two and one[3][11] Illegitimate son of: King Henry II and Ida de Tosny.

Descendants of John, King of England

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Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 King John "Lackland" 1166–1216 Gules, three lions passant guardant Or[10] Son of: King Henry II and Queen Eleanor.
 
 Queen Isabella 1188–1246 Lozengy, Or and Gules (Angoulême)[12] Daughter of: Aymer of Angoulême and Alice of Courtenay.

Married to: King John; 1200–1216.

Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall 1209–1272 Argent, a red lion rampant Gules crowned Or, within a bordure Sable bezanty[13] Son of: King John and Queen Isabella.

Descendants of Henry III of England

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Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 King Henry III 1207–1272 Gules, three lions passant guardant Or[14] Son of: King John and Queen Isabella.
 
 Queen Eleanor 1223–1291 Or, four pallets Gules[14] Daughter of: Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence and Beatrice of Savoy

Married to: King Henry III; 1236–1272.


Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Leicester and Lancaster 1245–1296 Gules, three lions passant guardant Or, with a label of three points Azure each charged with three fleurs de lys Or[15] Son of: King Henry III and Queen Eleanor.
 
 Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster 1278–1322 Gules, three lions passant guardant Or, with a label of three points Azure each charged with three fleurs de lys Or[15] Son of: Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Leicester and Lancaster and Blanche of Artois.
 
 Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster 1281–1345 Gules, three lions passant guardant Or, a baston Azure[16] Son of: Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Leicester and Lancaster and Blanche of Artois.
 
 Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster 1310–1361 Gules, three lions passant guardant Or, with a label of three points Azure each charged with three fleurs de lys Or[16] Son of: Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and Maud Chaworth


Descendants of Edward I of England

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Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 King Edward I 1239–1307 Gules, three lions passant guardant Or[17] Son of: King Henry III and Queen Eleanor.
 
 Queen Eleanor 1241–1290 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, Gules a castle Or (Castile), 2nd and 3rd, Argent a lion rampant (Leon)[18] Daughter of: King Ferdinand III of Castile and Joan of Ponthieu.

Married to: King Edward I; 1254–1290

 
 Queen Margaret 1279–1318 Gules, three lions passant guardant Or (England), dimidiating, Azure, semée fleurs de lys Or (France)[19] Daughter of: King Philip III of France and Marie of Brabant.

Married to: King Edward I; 1299–1307

Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 Alphonso Plantagenet, Earl of Chester 1273–1284 Gules, three lions passant guardant in pale Or, with a label of five points Azure Son of: King Edward I and Queen Eleanor.
 
 Edward of Caernarfon, Prince of Wales

(later King Edward II)

1284–1327 Gules, three lions passant guardant in pale Or, with a label of three points Azure[20] Son of: King Edward I and Queen Eleanor.
 
 Thomas of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk 1300–1338 Gules, three lions passant guardant in pale Or, with a label of three points Argent[21] Son of: King Edward I and Queen Margaret.
 
 Alice de Hales (or Halys) 1304–1326 Barry of ten Argent and Azure, a canton Gules, a lion passant guardant Or[22] Daughter of: Roger Hales (or Halys)

Married to: Thomas of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk; (1316?–1320?)–1326

 
 Edmund of Woodstock, Earl of Kent 1301–1330 Gules, three lions passant guardant in pale Or, within a bordure Argent (Kent)[23] Son of: King Edward I and Queen Margaret.
 
 Margaret Wake, Baroness Wake of Liddell 1297?–1349 Barry of six Or and Gules, in chief three torteaux[23] Daughter of: John Wake, Baron Wake of Liddell and Joan de Fiennes

Married to: Edmund of Woodstock, Earl of Kent; 1325

 
 Joan of Kent 1328–1385 Gules, three lions passant guardant Or, within a bordure Argent (Kent)[23] Daughter of: Edmund, Earl of Kent and Margaret Wake.

Married to: Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent; 1340–1360

Married to: Edward of Woodstock, Prince of Wales; 1361–1376.

The so-called Fair Maid of Kent.

 
 Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent 1350?–1397 Gules, three lions passant guardant in pale Or, within a bordure Argent (Kent)[24] Son of: Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent and Joan of Kent
 
 John Holland, Duke of Exeter 1352–1400 Gules, three lions passant guardant in pale Or, within a bordure Argent charged with fleurs de lys Or[24] Son of: Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent and Joan of Kent
 
 John Holland, Duke of Exeter and Earl of Huntingdon 1395–1447 Gules, three lions passant guardant in pale Or, within a bordure Azure charged with eight fleurs de lys Or[24] Son of: John Holland, Duke of Exeter and Earl of Huntingdon and Elizabeth of Lancaster

Descendants of Edward II of England

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Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 King Edward II 1284–1327 Gules, three lions passant guardant Or[20] Son of: King of Edward I and Queen Eleanor.
    Queen Isabella 1295–1358 Gules, three lions passant guardant Or (England), dimidiating, Azure, semée fleurs de lys Or (France)[25]

Quarterly, 1st England, 2nd France ancien, 3rd, Gules, a cross saltire and an orle of chains linked together Or (Navarre), 4th, Azure, a bend Argent cotised potent-counter-potent Or (Champagne)[25]

Daughter of: King Philip IV of France and Joan I of Navarre.

Married to: King of Edward II; 1308–1327

Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 Edward of Windsor, Prince of Wales

(later King Edward III)

1312–1377 Gules, three lions passant guardant Or, with a label of three points Azure[26] Son of: King Edward II and Queen Isabella.
 
 John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall 1316–1336 Gules, three lions passant guardant Or, within a bordure of France[25] Son of: King Edward II and Queen Isabella.

Descendants of Edward III of England

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Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
    King Edward III 1312–1377 Previously Edward bore: Gules, three lions passant guardant Or.[26]

Quarterly, 1st and 4th, Azure, semée of fleurs de lys Or (France), 2nd and 3rd, Gules, three lions passant guardant Or (England)[27]

Son of: King Edward II and Queen Isabella.

In 1340, Edward III claimed the throne of France as an inheritance from his mother, Isabella, daughter of King Philip IV of France, and adopted new arms, Quarterly France and England.[1] Such arms are termed "Arms of Pretension", where a sovereign adopts arms illustrative of a claim de jure (by right) to the throne of another kingdom.[28]

    Queen Philippa 1314–1369 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, England; 2nd and 3rd, Or, four lions rampant in a quadrangle the first and fourth Sable (Flanders), the second and third Gules (Holland)[29] Daughter of: William I, Count of Hainaut and Joan of Valois.

Married to: King Edward III; 1328–1369.

Descendants of Edward, the Black Prince

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Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
    Edward of Woodstock, Prince of Wales 1330–1376 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points Argent[30] Son of: King Edward III and Queen Philippa.
 
 Joan of Kent 1328–1385 Gules, three lions passant guardant Or, within a bordure Argent (Kent)[30] Daughter of: Edmund, Earl of Kent and Margaret Wake.

Married to: Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent; 1340–1360

Married to: Edward of Woodstock, Prince of Wales; 1361–1376.

Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 Sir Roger Clarendon 1350–1402 Or, on a bend Sable, three ostrich feathers Argent, the quills transfixing as many scrolls of the first[31] Illegitimate son of: Edward of Woodstock, the Prince of Wales and Edith Willesford.
Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
    King Richard II 1367–1400 Azure, a cross fleury between five martlets Or (St. Edward the Confessor), impaling, Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England[32] Son of: Edward of Woodstock, the Prince of Wales and Joan of Kent.

Childless, overthrown and succeeded by his cousin, Henry Bolingbroke or King Henry IV.

 
 Anne of Bohemia 1366–1394 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, Or, an eagle displayed sable (Imperial Arms), 2nd and 3rd, Gules, a lion rampant queue fourchée Argent crowned Or (Bohemia)[32] Daughter of: Emperor Charles IV of the Holy Roman Empire and Elizabeth of Pomerania.

Married to: King Richard II; 1382–1394.

 
 Isabella of Valois 1389–1409 Azure, semée of fleurs de lys Or (France ancien)[33] Daughter of: King Charles VI of France and Isabeau of Bavaria.

Married to: King Richard II; 1396–1400.

Descendants of Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence

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Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence 1338–1368 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points Argent each charged with a canton Gules[34] Son of: King Edward III and Queen Philippa.
 
 Elizabeth de Burgh, Countess of Ulster 1332–1363 Or, a cross Gules (de Burgh)[34] Daughter of: William Donn de Burgh, Earl of Ulster and Matilda of Lancaster.

Married to: Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence; 1352–1363.

Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 Philippa of Clarence, Countess of Ulster 1355–1382 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points Argent each charged with a canton Gules, impaling, Barry of six, Or and Azure, on a chief two pales, the corners gyronny, overall an escutcheon Argent[35] Daughter of: Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence and Elizabeth de Burgh, Countess of Ulster.

Married to: Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March; 1368–1381.

 
 Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March 1352–1381 Barry of six, Or and Azure, on a chief two pales, the corners gyronny, overall an escutcheon Argent (Mortimer)[35] Son of: Roger Mortimer, Earl of March and Philippa Montacute.
 
 Roger Mortimer, Earl of March 1374–1398 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, Barry of six, Or and Azure, on a chief two pales, the corners gyronny, overall an escutcheon Argent (Mortimer), 2nd and 3rd Or, a cross Gules (de Burgh)[35] Son of: Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March and Philippa of Clarence, Countess of Ulster.
 
 Alianore Holland, Countess of March 1370–1405 Gules, three lions passant guardant Or, within a bordure Argent (Kent)[35] Daughter of: Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent and Alice Holland.

Married to: Roger Mortimer, Earl of March; 1388–1398.

 
 Anne Mortimer, Countess of Cambridge 1390–1411 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points Argent each point charged with three torteaux Gules, within a bordure Argent charged with lions rampant purpure, impaling, Quarterly, 1st and 4th, Barry of six, Or and Azure, on a chief two pales, the corners gyronny, overall an escutcheon Argent (Mortimer), 2nd and 3rd Or, a cross Gules (de Burgh)[35] Daughter of: Roger Mortimer, Earl of March and Alianore Holland, Countess of March.

Married to: Richard of Conisburgh, Earl of Cambridge; 1408–1411.


John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster

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Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
    John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster 1340–1399 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points ermine[36]

Quarterly, Castile and Leon, impaling, quarterly, France and England, a label of three points ermine[37]

Son of: King Edward III and Queen Philippa.

See: House of Lancaster

 
 Blanche of Lancaster 1345–1369 England a label of France (Old Lancaster)[36] Daughter of: Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster and Isabel of Beaumont.

Married to: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster; 1359–1369.

 
 Constance of Castile 1354–1394 Quarterly, Castile and Leon (Kingdom of Castile)[37] Daughter of: King Peter of Castile and María de Padilla.

Married to: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster; 1371–1394.

 
 Katherine Swynford 1350–1403 Gules, three Catherine wheels Or (Roet)[37] Daughter of: Payne de Roet.

Married to: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster; 1396–1399.


Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York

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Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 Edmund of Langley, Duke of York 1341–1402 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points Argent each point charged with three torteaux Gules[38] Son of: King Edward III and Queen Philippa.

See: House of York

 
 Isabella of Castille 1355–1392 Quarterly, Castille and Leon (Kingdom of Castille)[38] Daughter of: King Peter of Castile and María de Padilla.

Married to: Edmund of Langley, Duke of York; 1372–1392.

 
 Joan Holland 1380–1434 Gules, three lions passant guardant Or, within a bordure Argent (Kent)[38] Daughter of: Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent and Alice Holland.

Married to: Edmund of Langley, Duke of York; 1393–1402.


Descendants of Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester

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Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester 1355–1397 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure Argent[39] Son of: King Edward III and Queen Philippa.
 
 Eleanor de Bohun 1366–1399 Azure, a bend Argent between two cotise and six lions rampant Or (de Bohun)[39] Daughter of: Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford and Joan de Bohun.

Married to: Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester; 1374–1397.

Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 Humphrey, Earl of Buckingham 1381–1399 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure Argent[40] Son of: Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester and Eleanor de Bohun.
 
 Anne of Gloucester, Countess of Stafford 1383–1438 Or, a chevron Gules (Stafford), impaling, Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure Argent[40] Daughter of: Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester and Eleanor de Bohun.

Married to: Edmund Stafford, Earl of Stafford.

House of Lancaster

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Colour key
(Line of descent)
  Monarchs
  Paternal descent
  Maternal descent
  Consorts
  Illegitimate descent
  Collaterals

Descendants of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster

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Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
    Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Hereford and Lancaster
(later King Henry IV) 		1366–1413 As Duke of Hereford:

Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of five points ermine (Richmond)[41]

As Duke of Lancaster and Hereford:

Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of five points two of ermine (Richmond) and three Azure flory Or (Lancaster)[41]

Son of: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and Blanche of Lancaster.
    John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset 1373–1410 Per pale, Argent and Azure, over all on a bend Gules three lions passant guardant Or with a label of three points Azure each charges with three fleur de lys Or[42]

Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure componée Argent and Azure[42]

Illegitimate Son (legitimated in 1396) of: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and Katherine Swynford.

See: House of Beaufort

 
 Henry Beaufort, Cardinal of St. Eusebius and Bishop of Winchester 1374–1447 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure componée Argent and Azure[43] Illegitimate Son (legitimated in 1396) of: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and Katherine Swynford.
    Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter 1377–1426 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure componée Azure and Ermine[44] Illegitimate Son (legitimated in 1396) of: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and Katherine Swynford.


Descendants of Henry IV of England

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Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
    King Henry IV 1366–1413 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England[45]

Changed to France moderne in line with changes made in that kingdom: Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England[45]

Son of: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and Blanche of Lancaster.

In 1376, the kings of France altered the royal coat of arms, replacing the field semée fleurs de lys with three fleurs de lys, alluding to the Trinity. This new design is referred to as France Moderne, the previous one being France Ancien. From about 1400 the kings of England imitated this change. As modified, the monarchs of England continued to bear arms in this form until the crown union with Scotland in 1603.[1]

First king of the House of Lancaster.

 
 Mary de Bohun 1370–1394 Azure, a bend Argent between two cotise and six lions rampant Or (de Bohun)[41] Daughter of: Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford and Joan FitzAlan.

Married to: Henry Bolingbroke (later King Henry IV); 1380–1394.

 
 Joan of Navarre 1370–1437 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien and a baston gobony Argent and Gules (Evreux), 2nd and 3rd, Gules, a cross, a saltire and an orle of chain linked together Or (Navarre)[46] Daughter of: King Charles II of Navarre and Joan of Valois.

Married to: King Henry IV; 1399–1413.

Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 Henry of Monmouth, Prince of Wales
(later King Henry V) 		1386–1422 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points Argent[47] Son of: King Henry IV and Mary de Bohun.
 
 Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence 1387–1421 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points ermine, each with a canton Gules[48] Son of: King Henry IV and Mary de Bohun.
 
 John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford 1389–1435 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of five points, the two on the dexter side ermine and each of the other three charged with three fleurs de lys[49] Son of: King Henry IV and Mary de Bohun.
 
 Humphrey of Lancaster, Duke of Gloucester 1390–1447 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure Argent[49] Son of: King Henry IV and Mary de Bohun.
Descendants of Henry V of England
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Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 King Henry V 1386–1422 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England[50] Son of: King Henry IV and Mary de Bohun.
 
 Catherine of Valois 1401–1437 Azure, three fleur de lys Or (France moderne)[50] Daughter of: King Charles VI of France and Isabeau of Bavaria.

Married to: King Henry V; 1420–1422.

Later married to: Owen Tudor; 1428?–1437, progenitor of the House of Tudor.

Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 King Henry VI 1421–1471 France moderne, impaling, quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England[51] Son of: King Henry V and Catherine of Valois.

Throne usurped by Edward, Earl of March, who became King Edward IV in 1461.

 
 Margaret of Anjou 1430–1482 Quarterly of six, 1st, barry of eight Argent and Gules (Hungary), 2nd, Azure, semée of fleur de lys Or, a label of three points Gules (Naples), 3rd, Argent, a cross potent between four crosses Or (Jerusalem), 4th, Azure, semée of fleur de lys Or, a bordure Gules (Anjou), 5th Azure, semée of crosses crosslet fitchée, two barbels addorsée Or (Bar), 6th, Or, on a bend Gules three allerions Argent (Lorraine)[52] Daughter of: King René of Naples, Duke of Anjou and Isabella of Lorraine.

Married to: King Henry VI; 1445–1471.

Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales 1453–1471 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points Argent[53] Son of: King Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou.

Killed at the Battle of Tewkesbury 1471.


House of York

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Colour key
(Line of descent)
  Monarchs
  Paternal descent
  Maternal descent
  Consorts
  Illegitimate descent
  Collaterals

Descendants of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York

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Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 Edward of Norwich, Duke of York 1373–1415 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points Gules each charged with three castles Or[54]

Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points Argent each point charged with three torteaux Gules[54]

Son of: Edmund of Langley, Duke of York and Isabella of Castille.
 
 Richard of Conisburgh, Earl of Cambridge 1385–1415 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points Argent each point charged with three torteaux Gules, within a bordure Argent charged with lions rampant purpure[55] Son of: Edmund of Langley, Duke of York and Isabella of Castille.

Executed in 1415 at the orders of King Henry V, for Treason.

 
 Anne Mortimer, Countess of Cambridge 1390–1411 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points Argent each point charged with three torteaux Gules, within a bordure Argent charged with lions rampant purpure, impaling, Quarterly, 1st and 4th, Barry of six, Or and Azure, on a chief two pales, the corners gyronny, overall an escutcheon Argent (Mortimer), 2nd and 3rd Or, a cross Gules (de Burgh)[35] Daughter of: Roger Mortimer, Earl of March and Alianore Holland, Countess of March.

Married to: Richard of Conisburgh, Earl of Cambridge; 1408–1411.

Heiress of the House of Clarence.

    Richard of York, Duke of York 1411–1460 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, quarterly, France moderne, and England, overall a label of three points each charged with three torteaux Gules, 2nd, quarterly, Castile and Leon, 3rd, quarterly, Mortimer and de Burgh, and overall and inescutcheon Gules, three passant guardant Or, a bordure Argent[56]

Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points Argent each point charged with three torteaux Gules[56]

Son of: Richard of Conisburgh, Earl of Cambridge, Duke of York and Anne Mortimer.

Originator of the claim of the House of York to the throne, by combining the claims of Clarence (from his mother) and York (from his father).

Descendants of Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York

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Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 Richard of York, Duke of York 1411–1460 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France modern, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points Argent each point charged with three torteaux Gules[56] Son of: Richard of Conisburgh, Earl of Cambridge, Duke of York and Anne Mortimer.

Originator of the claim of the House of York to the throne.

Defeated and killed at the Battle of Wakefield in 1460.

 
 Cecily Neville, Duchess of York 1415–1495 Gules a saltire Argent (Neville)[56] Daughter of: Ralph de Neville, Earl of Westmorland and Joan Beaufort (daughter of John of Gaunt).

Married to: Richard of York, Duke of York; 1429–1460.

Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 Edward, Earl of March
(later King Edward IV) 		1442–1483 Quarterly, 1st, quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, 2nd and 3rd Or, a cross Gules (de Burgh), 4th Barry of six, Or and Azure, on a chief two pales, the corners gyronny, overall an escutcheon Argent (Mortimer)[57] Son of: Richard of York, Duke of York and Cecily Neville.
 
 Edmund, Earl of Rutland 1443–1460 Quarterly, 1st, quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of five points Argent the two dexter points charged with lions rampant purpure and three sinister points each with three torteaux, 2nd and 3rd de Burgh, 4th Mortimer[58] Son of: Richard of York, Duke of York and Cecily Neville.

Killed after the Battle of Wakefield.

 
 George, Duke of Clarence 1449–1478 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points Argent each point charged with a canton Gules[59] Son of: Richard of York, Duke of York and Cecily Neville.
 
 Richard, Duke of Gloucester
(later King Richard III) 		1452–1485 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points ermine each charged with a canton Gules (same as Thomas of Lancaster)[60] Son of: Richard of York, Duke of York and Cecily Neville.
Descendants of Edward IV of England
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Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 King Edward IV 1442–1483 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England[61] Son of: Richard of York, Duke of York and Cecily Neville.

Declared king in 1461, usurping the crown from the weak King Henry VI.

First king of the House of York.

 
 Elizabeth Woodville 1437–1492 Quarterly of six, 1st, Agent, a lion rampant double queued gules, crowned Or (Luxembourg), 2nd, quarterly 1st and 4th, Gules, a star of eight points Argent, 2nd and 3rd, Azure semée of fleurs de lys Or (de Baux d' Andrée), 3rd, Barry Argent and Azure, overall a lion rampant Gules (Lusignan of Cyprus), 4th, Gules, three bendlets Argent, on a chief of the first, charged with a fillet in base Or, a rose of the second (Ursins), 5th, Gules, three pallets vairy, on a chief Or a label five points Azure (St. Pol), 6th, Argent, a fess and a canton conjoined Gules (Woodville)[62] Daughter of: Richard Woodville, Earl Rivers and Jacquetta of Luxembourg.

Married to: Sir John Grey; 1452–1461.

Married to: King Edward IV; 1464–1483.

Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 Elizabeth of York 1466–1503 Quarterly, 1st, quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, 2nd and 3rd de Burgh, 4th Mortimer[63] Daughter of: King Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville.

Married to: King Henry VII; 1486–1503.

 
 Edward, Prince of Wales
(later King Edward V) 		1470–1483? Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points Argent[64] Son of: King Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville.

One of the two: Princes in the Tower.

 
 Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York 1473–1483? Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points Argent on the first point a canton Gules[65] Son of: King Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville.

One of the two: Princes in the Tower.

    Arthur Plantagenet, Viscount Lisle ?–1542 Quarterly, 1st, quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, 2nd and 3rd de Burgh, 4th Mortimer, overall a baston sinister Azure[66]

Quarterly, 1st, quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, 2nd and 3rd de Burgh, 4th Mortimer, overall a baston sinister Azure, and over all an escutcheon of pretence quarterly of six: 1st, barry of six argent and azure, in chief three torteaux (Grey); 2nd, barry of ten argent and azure, an orle of martlets gules (Valence); 3rd, gules, seven mascles three, three, one or (Quincy); over these three quarterings a label of three points ermine; 4th, gules, a lion rampant within a bordure engrailed or (Talbot); 5th, gules, a fess between six cross croslets or (Beauchamp); 6th, gules, a lion statant guardant argent, crowned or (L'Isle).[67]

Illegitimate son of: King Edward IV.

Imprisoned in 1540 at the orders of King Henry VIII for treason. Died two days after receiving the news he was to be released.

Descendants of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence
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Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 George, Duke of Clarence 1449–1478 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points Argent each point charged with a canton Gules[59] Son of: Richard of York, Duke of York and Cecily Neville.

Executed in 1478 at the orders of King Edward IV (his own brother), for having designs on the throne.

 
 Isabel Neville, Duchess of Clarence 1451–1476 Gules a saltire Argent, a label of three points gobony, Argent and Azure (Neville)[59] Daughter of: Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick and Anne de Beauchamp.

Married to: George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence; 1469–1476.

Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury 1473–1541 Quarterly, 1st, Quarterly, France modern and England, a label of three points Argent each charged with a canton Gules (Clarence), 2nd, Gules a saltire Argent, a label of three points gobony Argent and Azure (Neville), impaling Gules, a fess between six crosses crosslet Or (Beauchamp), 3rd, Chequy Or and Azure, a chevron ermine (Newburgh), impaling Argent, three lozenges conjoined in fess Gules (Montacute), 4th, Or, an eagle displayed Vert (Monthermer), impaling Quarterly 1st and 4th, Or, three chevrons Gules (Clare), 2nd and 3rd, Quarterly, Argent and Gules, a fret Or, overall a bendlett Sable (Despencer)[59] Daughter of: George, Duke of Clarence and Isabel Neville.

Married to: Sir Richard Pole; 1487–1505?.

Matriarch of the Pole family; mother of Cardinal Reginald Pole, later Archbishop of Canterbury.

Executed in 1541 at the orders of King Henry VIII for treason.

Later beatified by the Catholic Church as Blessed.

 
 Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Warwick 1475–1499 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points gobony, Argent and Azure (Neville)[68] Son of: George, Duke of Clarence and Isabel Neville.

Nominated heir of King Richard III in 1484.

Executed in 1499 at the orders of King Henry VII for treason.

Last legitimate male-line member of the House of Plantagenet.

Descendants of Richard III of England
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Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 King Richard III 1452–1485 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England[60] Son of: Richard of York, Duke of York and Cecily Neville.

Defeated and killed at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, fighting against Henry Tudor, later King Henry VII.

Last legitimate male-line Plantagenet king.

    Anne Neville 1456–1485 Quarterly of seven, 1st, Gules, a fess between six crosses crosslet Or (Beauchamp), 2nd, Chequy Or and Azure, a chevron ermine (Newburgh), 3rd, Argent, three lozenges conjoined in fess Gules (Montacute), 4th, Or, an eagle displayed Vert (Monthermer), 5th, Gules a saltire Argent, a label of three points gobony Argent and Azure (Neville), 6th, Or, three chevrons Gules (Clare), 7th, Quarterly, Argent and Gules, a fret Or, overall a bendlett Sable (Despencer)[69]

Gules, a saltire Argent[60]

Daughter of: Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick and Anne de Beauchamp.

Married to: Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales; 1470–1471.

Married to: King Richard III; 1472–1485.

Anne sometimes bore her father, Warwick the Kingmaker's, full achievement, however at other times she also bore the arms of Neville without difference.

Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
 
 Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales 1473–1484 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points Argent[70] Son of: King Richard III and Anne Neville,

Died at age 10 in 1484, Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Warwick nominated heir in his place.


House of Beaufort

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Colour key
(Line of descent)
  Monarchs
  Paternal descent
  Maternal descent
  Consorts
  Illegitimate descent
  Collaterals

Descendants of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset

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Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
    John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset 1373–1410 Per pale, Argent and Azure, over all on a bend Gules three lions passant guardant Or with a label of three points Azure each charges with three fleur de lys Or[42]

Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure componée Argent and Azure[42]

Illegitimate Son (legitimated in 1396) of: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and Katherine Swynford.
  Margaret Holland, Countess of Somerset 1385–1439 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure componée Argent and Azure, impaling, Gules, three lions passant guardant Or, within a bordure Argent[42] Daughter of: Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent and Alice Holland, Countess of Kent

Married to: John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset; 1399–1410

Married to: Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence; 1411–1421

Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
  John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset 1403–1444 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure componée Argent and Azure[71] Son of: John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset and Margaret Holland.
  Margaret Beauchamp 1406–1482 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure componée Argent and Azure, impaling, Gules, on a fess Or a mullet Sable, between six martlets, three, two and one, of the second (Beauchamp)[71] Daughter of: John Beauchamp of Bletso and Edith Stourton.

Married to: Sir Oliver St John, of Bletsoe; 1425–1437.

Married to: John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset; 1439–1444.

Married to: Lionel de Welles, Baron Welles; 1447–1461.

Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
    Lady Margaret Beaufort 1443–1509 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure componée Argent and Azure[72]

Quarterly, France moderne and England, a bordure Azure charged alternatively with fleurs de lys and martlets Or, impaling, Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure componée Argent and Azure[72]

Daughter of: John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset and Margaret Beauchamp.

Married to: Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond; 1455–1456.

Married to: Sir Henry Stafford; 1462–1471.

Married to: Thomas Stanley, Earl of Derby; 1472–1504.

  Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond 1430–1456 Quarterly, France moderne and England, a bordure Azure charged alternatively with fleurs de lys and martlets Or[72] Son of: Sir Owen Tudor and Catherine of Valois.

Half brother to King Henry VI, legitimated by Parliament in 1453.

Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
    Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond
(later King Henry VII) 		1457–1509 Quarterly, France moderne and England, a bordure Azure charged alternatively with fleurs de lys and martlets Or[73]

Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England[74]

Son of: Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond and Lady Margaret Beaufort.

Defeats King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, claims the throne as King Henry VII.

See: House of Tudor

    Elizabeth of York 1466–1503 Quarterly, 1st, quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, 2nd and 3rd de Burgh, 4th Mortimer[75] Daughter of: King Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville.

Married to: King Henry VII; 1486–1503.

Heiress of the House of York.


Descendants of Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset

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Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
  Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester, K.G. 1460–1526 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure componée Argent and Azure[42] (Beaufort)with argent baton sinister, with escutcheon of pretence of per pale azure and gules, three lions rampant argent, 2 and 1 Herbert. An illegitimate son of Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset[76] by his mistress Joan Hill.[77] He was invested as a Knight of the Garter in about 1496. On 1 February 1514 he was created Earl of Worcester and was at some time appointed Lord Chamberlain of the Household to King Henry VIII. As Lord Chamberlain, Somerset was largely responsible for the preparations for the Field of Cloth of Gold in 1520. He was a favourite of Henry VII and Henry VIII
Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
  William Somerset, 3rd Earl of Worcester, K.G. 1526/7–1589 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, or a fess on which is France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure componée Argent and Azure[71] (Beaufort), 2nd, per pale azure and gules, three lions rampant argent, 2 and 1 Herbert, argent a fess gules, with a canton gueules.[78] Eldest son of Henry Somerset, 2nd Earl of Worcester and his second wife Elizabeth Browne.[79]
Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
  Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester, K.G. 1550–1628 Grand quarters, 1st and 4th, quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure componée Argent and Azure[71] (Beaufort), 2nd, per pale azure and gules, three lions rampant argent, 2 and 1 Herbert, argent a fess gules, with a canton gueules. Eldest son of William Somerset, 3rd Earl of Worcester. He was an important advisor to King James I (James VI of Scots), serving as Lord Privy Seal.[79]
Arms Name Life Blazon Notes
  Henry Somerset, 1st Duke of Beaufort, K.G., PC 1629–1700 Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure componée Argent and Azure[71] (Beaufort). Eldest son of Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester. He was a Welsh politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1654 and 1667, when he succeeded his father as 3rd Marquess of Worcester. He was styled Lord Herbert from 1644 until 3 April 1667. The Dukedom of Beaufort was bestowed upon him by King Charles II in 1682. He is the ancestor of the current Somersets, and so the Dukes of Beaufort and the Barons Raglan. The current head of the house is Henry Somerset, 12th Duke of Beaufort.


See also

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References

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Citations

  1. ^ a b c d e f Brooke-Little 1978, pp. 205–222.
  2. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 14.
  3. ^ a b Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 20.
  4. ^ Fox-Davies 1978, pp. 173.
  5. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 21.
  6. ^ Holroyd, Graham (2000). "The Earliest Known Depiction of the Royal Arms of England?". Coat of Arms. 192..
  7. ^ a b c Ailes 1982, pp. 52–53, 64–74.
  8. ^ a b c Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 24.
  9. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 25.
  10. ^ a b Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 26.
  11. ^ Ailes 1982, pp. 52–53.
  12. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 27.
  13. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 28.
  14. ^ a b Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 30.
  15. ^ a b Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 32.
  16. ^ a b Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 33.
  17. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 34.
  18. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 35.
  19. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 38.
  20. ^ a b Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 48.
  21. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 40.
  22. ^ Louda & Maclagan 1981, p. 19
  23. ^ a b c Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 45.
  24. ^ a b c Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 46.
  25. ^ a b c Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 49.
  26. ^ a b Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 50.
  27. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 52.
  28. ^ Baynes & Smith 1880, p. 689.
  29. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 55.
  30. ^ a b Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 59.
  31. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 60.
  32. ^ a b Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 62.
  33. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 63.
  34. ^ a b Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 65.
  35. ^ a b c d e f Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 66.
  36. ^ a b Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 77.
  37. ^ a b c Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 78.
  38. ^ a b c Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 103.
  39. ^ a b Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 69.
  40. ^ a b Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 70.
  41. ^ a b c Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 86.
  42. ^ a b c d e f Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 81.
  43. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 84.
  44. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 85.
  45. ^ a b Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 87.
  46. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 89.
  47. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 94.
  48. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 91.
  49. ^ a b Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 92.
  50. ^ a b Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 95.
  51. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 97.
  52. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 99.
  53. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 100.
  54. ^ a b Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 104.
  55. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 105.
  56. ^ a b c d Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 106.
  57. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 113.
  58. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 108.
  59. ^ a b c d Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 110.
  60. ^ a b c Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 122.
  61. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 114.
  62. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 117.
  63. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 134.
  64. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 121.
  65. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 119.
  66. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 120.
  67. ^ Byrne, p.178, blazons given
  68. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 111.
  69. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 116.
  70. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 124.
  71. ^ a b c d e Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 82.
  72. ^ a b c Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 127.
  73. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 132.
  74. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 133.
  75. ^ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 134.
  76. ^ Burke 1914, p. 207.
  77. ^ Gurney 1890, p. 55.
  78. ^ Quartering based on the arms in the 16th century portrait of Worcester (Portrait of William Somerset, 3rd Earl of Worcester 2018)
  79. ^ a b Robinson 2004.

Bibliography

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