The 2004 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad, were a summer multi-sport event held in Athens, the capital city of Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004.[1] A total of 10,625 athletes from a record 201 countries represented by National Olympic Committees (NOC) participated in these games.[2] The games featured featured 301 events in 28 sports and 39 disciplines,[3][4] including the Olympic debuts of women's wrestling and women's sabre.[5] Kiribati and Timor Leste competed for the first time in these Olympic Games.[5] It was the second time after 1896 that Athens had hosted the Summer Olympics in the modern era.[6]
2004 Summer Olympics medals | |
---|---|
Location | Athens, Greece |
Highlights | |
Most gold medals | United States (36) |
Most total medals | United States (101) |
Medalling NOCs | 74 |
Athletes from 74 countries won at least one medal and 56 of them won at least one gold medal.[7] The United States led the medal table both in number of gold medals won and in overall medals, winning 36 and 101 respectively.[8] It was the third consecutive Summer Olympic Games that the United States led the medal count in both gold and overall medals.[9] The United Arab Emirates,[10] Paraguay[11] and Eritrea won their first ever Olympic medals.[12] Israel,[13] Chile,[14] Dominican Republic,[15] Georgia,[16] Chinese Taipei[17] and the United Arab Emirates won their first Olympic gold medals.[18] American swimmer Michael Phelps won the most gold medals among individual participants with six and the most total medals with eight (six gold and two bronze),[19] equalling the record held by Soviet gymnast Alexander Dityatin in 1980 for the most medals won at an Olympic Games.[20]
During and after the Games, some athletes who were caught doping, or tested positive for banned substances, were disqualified from competition and had their medals rescinded.[21][22]
Medal table
editThe medal table is based on information provided by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and is consistent with IOC convention in its published medal tables.[23] The table uses the Olympic medal table sorting method. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won, where a nation is an entity represented by a NOC. The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals.[24][25] If teams are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically by their IOC country code.[26]
Events in boxing result in a bronze medal being awarded to each of the two competitors who lose their semi-final matches, as opposed to fighting in a third place tie breaker.[27] Another combat sport, judo, uses a repechage system which also results in two bronze medals being awarded.[28] In the women's 200 metre backstroke, there were ties for third place which resulted in two bronze medals being awarded.[29]
- Key
‡ Changes in medal standings (see below)
* Host nation (Greece)
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | United States‡ | 36 | 39 | 26 | 101 |
2 | China | 32 | 17 | 14 | 63 |
3 | Russia‡ | 28 | 26 | 36 | 90 |
4 | Australia‡ | 17 | 16 | 17 | 50 |
5 | Japan‡ | 16 | 9 | 12 | 37 |
6 | Germany‡ | 13 | 16 | 20 | 49 |
7 | France | 11 | 9 | 13 | 33 |
8 | Italy | 10 | 11 | 11 | 32 |
9 | South Korea | 9 | 12 | 9 | 30 |
10 | Great Britain | 9 | 9 | 12 | 30 |
11 | Cuba‡ | 9 | 7 | 11 | 27 |
12 | Hungary‡ | 8 | 6 | 3 | 17 |
13 | Ukraine‡ | 8 | 5 | 9 | 22 |
14 | Romania | 8 | 5 | 6 | 19 |
15 | Greece*‡ | 6 | 6 | 4 | 16 |
16 | Brazil‡ | 5 | 2 | 3 | 10 |
17 | Norway | 5 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
18 | Netherlands | 4 | 9 | 9 | 22 |
19 | Sweden | 4 | 2 | 1 | 7 |
20 | Spain‡ | 3 | 11 | 6 | 20 |
21 | Canada | 3 | 6 | 3 | 12 |
22 | Turkey‡ | 3 | 3 | 4 | 10 |
23 | Poland | 3 | 2 | 5 | 10 |
24 | New Zealand | 3 | 2 | 0 | 5 |
25 | Thailand | 3 | 1 | 4 | 8 |
26 | Belarus‡ | 2 | 5 | 6 | 13 |
27 | Austria | 2 | 4 | 1 | 7 |
28 | Ethiopia | 2 | 3 | 2 | 7 |
29 | Iran | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
Slovakia | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | |
31 | Chinese Taipei | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
32 | Georgia | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
33 | Bulgaria | 2 | 1 | 9 | 12 |
34 | Denmark‡ | 2 | 1 | 5 | 8 |
35 | Jamaica | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
Uzbekistan | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | |
37 | Morocco | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
38 | Argentina | 2 | 0 | 4 | 6 |
39 | Chile | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
40 | Kazakhstan | 1 | 4 | 3 | 8 |
41 | Kenya | 1 | 4 | 2 | 7 |
42 | Czech Republic‡ | 1 | 3 | 5 | 9 |
43 | South Africa | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
44 | Croatia | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
45 | Lithuania‡ | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
46 | Egypt | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
Switzerland | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | |
48 | Indonesia | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
49 | Zimbabwe | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
50 | Azerbaijan | 1 | 0 | 4 | 5 |
51 | Belgium | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
52 | Bahamas | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Israel | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
54 | Cameroon | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Dominican Republic | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
United Arab Emirates | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
57 | North Korea | 0 | 4 | 1 | 5 |
58 | Latvia | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
59 | Mexico | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
60 | Portugal | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
61 | Finland | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Serbia and Montenegro | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
63 | Slovenia | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
64 | Estonia‡ | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
65 | Hong Kong | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
India | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Paraguay | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
68 | Colombia | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Nigeria | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
Venezuela‡ | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
71 | Eritrea | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Mongolia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Syria | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Trinidad and Tobago | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Totals (74 entries) | 301 | 300 | 325 | 926 |
Changes in medal standings
editRuling date | Event | Athlete (NOC) | Net change | Comment | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 August 2004 | Weightlifting, Men's 62 kg | Leonidas Sabanis (GRE) DSQ | −1 | −1 | Greece's Leonidas Sabanis was stripped of his bronze medal in the men's 62 kg weightlifting competition and expelled from the Games by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) after he tested positive for excess testosterone.[30] The bronze medal was reallocated to Venezuela's Israel José Rubio.[31] | ||
Israel José Rubio (VEN) | +1 | +1 | |||||
23 August 2004 | Athletics, Women's shot put | Irina Korzhanenko (RUS) DSQ | −1 | −1 | Russian athlete Irina Korzhanenko lost her gold medal in women's shot put due to her testing positive for the steroid stanozolol. Cuban Yumileidi Cumbá Jay was upgraded to the gold medal, with German competitor Nadine Kleinert receiving the silver medal, and Svetlana Krivelyova of Russia receiving the bronze medal.[32] However, on 5 December 2012, Krivelyova had the bronze medal she had been given rescinded because she had tested positive for the anabolic androgenic steroid oxandrolone metabolite.[33][34] As of 2024[update], the IOC has not reallocated the bronze medal.[35] | ||
Yumileidi Cumbá Jay (CUB) | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
Nadine Kleinert (GER) | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
24 August 2004 | Athletics. Men's discus throw | Róbert Fazekas (HUN) DSQ | −1 | −1 | Hungarian discus thrower Róbert Fazekas was disqualified by the IOC's executive board from the gold medal of the men's discus throw event on 24 August 2004 after he failed to provide an full urine sample. Virgilijus Alekna of Lithuania was elevated to the gold medal, the silver medal was given to Zoltán Kővágó of Hungary and the bronze medal went to Aleksander Tammert of Estonia.[36][37] | ||
Virgilijus Alekna (LTU) | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
Zoltán Kővágó (HUN) | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
Aleksander Tammert (EST) | +1 | +1 | |||||
28 August 2004 | Athletics, Men's 105 kg | Ferenc Gyurkovics (HUN) DSQ | −1 | −1 | On 28 August 2004, Hungary's Ferenc Gyurkovics was disqualified from the Olympic Games and stripped of the silver medal he had won in the men's 105 kg weightlighting competition because he had tested positive for the banned steroid oxandrolone. Both Ukraine's Ihor Razoronov and Russia's Gleb Pisarevskiy were elevated the silver and bronze medal positions, respectively.[38][39] | ||
Ihor Razoronov (UKR) | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
Gleb Pisarevskiy (RUS) | +1 | 0 | |||||
29 August 2004 | Athletics, Men's hammer throw | Adrián Annus (HUN) DSQ | −1 | −1 | On 29 August 2004, the IOC disqualified Hungarian hammer thrower Adrián Annus for not attending a second drugs test in Hungary after suspicions were raised that he possibly used a contraption to deceive testers. Koji Murofushi of Japan became the new gold medallist, while Belarus's Ivan Tsikhan received the silver medal and Turkey's Eşref Apak was upgraded to the bronze medal placing.[40][41] | ||
Koji Murofushi (JPN) | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
Ivan Tsikhan (BLR) | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
Eşref Apak (TUR) | +1 | +1 | |||||
3 December 2004 | Equestrian, Team jumping | Ludger Beerbaum (GER) DSQ | −1 | +1 | 0 | In the team jumping event, German equestrian Ludger Beerbaum was disqualified, after his horse Goldfever tested positive for the illegal substance betamethasone.[42] This led to the gold medal being awarded the second-placed American team Chris Kappler, Beezie Madden, McLain Ward, and Peter Wylde, and the silver medal to third-placed Peder Fredericson, Rolf-Göran Bengtsson, Peter Eriksson, and Malin Baryard of the Swedish team.[43][44] Christian Ahlmann, Marco Kutscher, and Otto Becker of the German team retained a medal, as they were able to earn the bronze medal without Goldfever's results.[44] | |
- (USA) | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
- (SWE) | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
27 March 2005 | Equestrian, Individual jumping | Cian O'Connor (IRL) DSQ | −1 | −1 | Irish equestrian Cian O'Connor was stripped of his gold medal in individual jumping, due to the doping of his horse, Waterford Crystal, resulting in the title being awarded to Rodrigo Pessoa of Brazil, the silver medal to Chris Kappler of the United States, and the bronze medal to Marco Kutscher of Germany.[45][46] | ||
Rodrigo Pessoa (BRA) | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
Chris Kappler (USA) | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
Marco Kutscher (GER) | +1 | +1 | |||||
10 August 2012 | Cycling, Men's road time trial | Tyler Hamilton (USA) DSQ | −1 | −1 | American cyclist Tyler Hamilton, who won the gold medal in the men's road time trial, confessed that he used doping during the Olympic Games. His gold medal was reallocated to Viatcheslav Ekimov from Russia, American cyclist Bobby Julich was awarded the silver medal, and Australian cyclist Michael Rogers received bronze.[47] | ||
Viatcheslav Ekimov (RUS) | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
Bobby Julich (USA) | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
Michael Rogers (AUS) | +1 | +1 | |||||
5 December 2012 | Athletics, Men's hammer throw | Ivan Tsikhan (BLR) DSQ | −1 | −1 | Four Athletes were stripped of their medals on 5 December 2012 after drug re-testings of their samples were found positive. They were Belarusian Ivan Tsikhan, silver medallist in men's hammer throw, Russian Svetlana Krivelyova, bronze medallist in women's shot put, Ukrainian Yuriy Bilonoh, gold medallist in men's shot put, Belarusian Iryna Yatchenko, bronze medallist in women's discus throw.[33][48]
In the first two cases medals were not reallocated, as the athletes who were supposed to receive them, tested for doping themselves. On 5 March 2013, the IOC sent a statement to the Spanish Olympic Committee, taking the decision to reallocate the medals in the men's shot put, due to exclusion of Ukrainian Yuriy Bilonoh, gold medalist at the time, by doping. Based on this decision, the new owner of the gold medal will be with the second-placed American athlete Adam Nelson, the silver medal will be with the third-placed Danish Joachim Olsen, and bronze medals will be with fourth-placed Spanish Manuel Martínez.[49][50] On 30 May 2013, during the meeting of the IOC Executive Board there were three new decisions of the reallocated medals. In athletics, Executive Board confirmed the reallocation of medals in men's shot put. In athletics, the athlete Věra Pospíšilová-Cechlová (Czech Republic) became the new bronze medallist in the women's discus throw. In Weightlifting, the athlete Reyhan Arabacıoğlu (Turkey) be the new bronze medalist proof in the men's 77 kg event.[51] | ||
Athletics, Women's shot put | Svetlana Krivelyova (RUS) DSQ | −1 | −1 | ||||
5 March 2013 | Athletics, Men's shot put | Yuriy Bilonoh (UKR) DSQ | −1 | −1 | |||
Adam Nelson (USA) | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
Joachim Olsen (DEN) | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
Manuel Martínez (ESP) | +1 | +1 | |||||
30 May 2013 | Athletics, Women's discus throw | Iryna Yatchenko (BLR) DSQ | −1 | −1 | |||
Věra Pospíšilová-Cechlová (CZE) | +1 | +1 | |||||
30 May 2013 | Weightlifting, Men's 77 kg | Oleg Perepetchenov (RUS) DSQ | −1 | −1 | On 12 February 2013 the IOC stripped Russian weightlifter Oleg Perepetchenov of his bronze medal in the men's 77 kg event after both probes were retested and showed traces of anabolic steroids.[52] During the meeting of the IOC Executive Board, on 30 May 2013, it was decided that athlete Reyhan Arabacıoğlu (Turkey), originally fourth, would be the new bronze medallist in the men's 77 kg competition.[51] | ||
Reyhan Arabacıoğlu (TUR) | +1 | +1 | |||||
– | Athletics, Women's 4 × 400 metres relay | Crystal Cox (USA) DSQ | 0 | 0 | In 2010, Crystal Cox, who only ran for the United States team in the preliminary rounds, admitted to using anabolic steroids from 2001 to 2004. As a result, she forfeited all of her results from that time period, and agreed to a four-year suspension, until January 2014.[53][54] In 2013, both the International Athletic Association Federation and the IOC announced that the result would stand and the American squad (except Cox) would be allowed to retain their gold medals due to the fact that, according to the rules of the time, a team should not be disqualified because of a doping offense of an athlete who did not compete in the finals.[55] |
NOC | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Net change |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hungary (HUN) | −2 | 0 | −1 | −3 |
Russia (RUS) | 0 | −1 | −1 | −2 |
Ukraine (UKR) | −1 | +1 | −1 | −1 |
Ireland (IRL) | −1 | 0 | 0 | −1 |
Belarus (BLR) | 0 | 0 | −1 | −1 |
Greece (GRE) | 0 | 0 | −1 | −1 |
Brazil (BRA) | +1 | −1 | 0 | 0 |
United States (USA) | +1 | 0 | −1 | 0 |
Cuba (CUB) | +1 | −1 | 0 | 0 |
Japan (JPN) | +1 | −1 | 0 | 0 |
Lithuania (LTU) | +1 | −1 | 0 | 0 |
Denmark (DEN) | 0 | +1 | −1 | 0 |
Australia (AUS) | 0 | 0 | +1 | +1 |
Czech Republic (CZE) | 0 | 0 | +1 | +1 |
Spain (ESP) | 0 | 0 | +1 | +1 |
Estonia (EST) | 0 | 0 | +1 | +1 |
Venezuela (VEN) | 0 | 0 | +1 | +1 |
Germany (GER) | −1 | +1 | +1 | +1 |
Turkey (TUR) | 0 | 0 | +2 | +2 |
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Figures in table reflect all official changes in medal standings.
References
edit- ^ Johnston, Mindy (6 August 2024). "Athens 2004 Olympic Games". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2024.
- ^ "Olympic Games Athens 2004". National Olympic Committee of Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "2004 Athens Summer Olympics Fast Facts". CNN. 1 October 2013. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "2004 Summer Olympics". Olympedia. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ a b "Athens 2004". Lithuanian National Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "Athens facts and figures". BBC Sport. 13 August 2004. Archived from the original on 30 August 2004. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ a b "Athens 2004 Olympic Medal Table – Gold, Silver & Bronze". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 12 September 2024.
- ^ Paul, Koushik (24 July 2024). "Looking Back At 2004 Athens Olympics: Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore India's Lone Shining Star in Greek Capital". India.com. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ Livengood, Paul (8 August 2024). "Does the United States always win the medal count? Here's a look at every Summer Olympics final medal count in history". WFAA. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "UAE wins first Olympic gold". BBC Sport. 17 August 2004. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "Paraguay's greatest goal". International Olympic Committee. 18 August 2020. Archived from the original on 16 August 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ Turnbull, Simon (30 March 2008). "Tadese is the wheel deal". The Independent. Archived from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "Windsurfer wins Israel's first gold". ESPN. Associated Press. 25 August 2004. Archived from the original on 11 September 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2008.
- ^ "Chile claim first Gold". Eurosport. Reuters. 22 August 2004. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "Sanchez storms to gold". BBC Sport. 26 August 2004. Archived from the original on 30 May 2006. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "Georgia Wins First Olympic Gold". Civil Georgia. 18 August 2004. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "Taekwondo team wins Taiwan's first-ever Olympic gold". ROC Embassies and Missions Abroad. 27 August 2004. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "UAE wins historic Olympic gold". The Sydney Morning Herald. 18 August 2004. Archived from the original on 27 September 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "2004 Athina Summer Games". Sports Reference. Archived from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ Parr, Derek (22 August 2004). "Record relay nets Phelps eighth swimming medal". Rediff.com. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ Robbins, Liz (30 August 2004). "Summer 2004 Games: The Tarnished Games; Doping Casts a Long Shadow in Athens". The New York Times. p. D3. Archived from the original on 15 January 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
- ^ "Re-tested 2004 Olympic samples reveal "adverse analytical findings"". Cyclingnews.com. 17 July 2012. Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
- ^ "Athens 2004". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 4 October 2009. Retrieved 9 March 2010.
- ^ Ostlere, Lawrence (11 August 2024). "Olympic medal table: USA beat China to top spot at Paris 2024". The Independent. Archived from the original on 12 August 2024. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ^ Araton, Harvey (18 August 2008). "A Medal Count That Adds Up To Little". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
- ^ Cons, Roddy (10 August 2024). "What happens if two countries are tied in the Olympic medal table? Tiebreaker rules explained". Diario AS. Archived from the original on 11 August 2024. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
- ^ Ansari, Aarish (1 August 2021). "Explained: Two bronze medals are awarded in the Olympics boxing competition". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
- ^ Nag, Utathya (21 June 2024). "Repechage in wrestling and other sports explained – the second chance". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 2 August 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
- ^ "Athens 2004 Swimming 200m Backstroke Women Results". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ Grohmann, Karolos (22 August 2004). "Greek weightlifter returns Games medal". Independent Online. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "Another embarrassment for host nation". ESPN. Associated Press. 22 August 2004. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "Ancient Olympia's First Female Winner Stripped of Medal". USA Today. Associated Press. 23 August 2004. Archived from the original on 30 September 2008. Retrieved 5 May 2008.
- ^ a b "IOC disqualifies four medallists from Athens 2004 following further analysis of stored samples". International Olympic Committee. 5 December 2012. Archived from the original on 9 December 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
- ^ "International Olympic Committee – IOC Disclipinary Commission – Recommendations – Regarding Svetlana Krivelyov Born on 13 June 1969, Athlete, Russia, Athletics" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. 30 November 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October 2013. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "Athens 2004 Athletics Shot Put Women Results". International Olympic Committee. 18 August 2004. Archived from the original on 7 November 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
- ^ "Gold medalist stripped after test tampering". ESPN. Associated Press. 24 August 2004. Archived from the original on 27 September 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "Discus champion stripped of gold". Irish Examiner. 24 August 2004. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "Silver medallist thrown out". BBC Sport. 28 August 2004. Archived from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "More drugs shame for Hungary". The Guardian. 28 August 2004. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "Annus stripped of gold". Eurosport. Reuters. 29 August 2004. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "IOC strips Annus of hammer gold". CNN. 29 August 2004. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "Athens 2004: Decision on German Olympic Medication cases". International Federation for Equestrian Sports. 3 December 2004. Archived from the original on 12 December 2004. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
- ^ "Germany to lose showjumping gold". BBC Sport. 8 January 2005. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
- ^ a b "History of equestrian events at the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad" (PDF). International Federation for Equestrian Sports. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
- ^ "O'Connor loses Olympic gold medal". RTÉ Sport. 27 March 2005. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2008.
- ^ Lane, Sarah (14 June 2005). "2004 Olympic Show Jumping Medals Redistributed: Pessoa of Brazil Gets Gold, U.S. Rider Kappler Awarded Silver". United States Equestrian Federation. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "US cyclist Tyler Hamilton stripped of Athens gold after confession". BBC Sport. 10 August 2012. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
- ^ "Olympic drug tests: Four athletes stripped of 2004 Athens medals". BBC Sport. 5 December 2012. Archived from the original on 8 December 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
- ^ "El COI concede a Manolo Martínez la medalla de bronce de peso de Atenas" [The IOC awards Manolo Martínez the bronze medal in the Athens weightlifting category]. Marca (in Spanish). EFE. 5 March 2013. Archived from the original on 8 March 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
- ^ "Manolo Martínez, bronce olímpico" [Manolo Martinez, Olympic bronze medalist]. Spanish Olympic Committee (in Spanish). 5 March 2013. Archived from the original on 12 March 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
- ^ a b "IOC Executive Board meeting in St. Petersburg. 30 May 2013". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
- ^ "IOC disqualifies Russian weightlifter from Athens 2004 following further analysis of stored samples". International Olympic Committee. 12 February 2013. Archived from the original on 19 February 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
- ^ "Jamaica gains Athens Olympics women's 4x400m silver". Jamaica Observer. Agence France-Presse. 16 March 2010. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
- ^ Grohmann, Karolos (27 August 2004). "Cox loses Athens gold, U.S. lose Sydney medal". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 August 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
- ^ MacKay, Duncan (31 May 2013). "USA allowed to keep Athens 2004 4×400m relay gold medals following a ruling". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 7 January 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
External links
edit- "Athens 2004". Olympics.com. International Olympic Committee.
- "2004 Summer Olympics". Olympedia.com. Archived from the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- "Olympic Analytics/2004_1". olympanalyt.com. Archived from the original on 2 September 2020. Retrieved 21 August 2020.