User:William Harris/sandbox

Caninae
- Canis
  - African wild dog
  - Coyote (L4)
    - Coywolf
  - Dog (L3)
    - Dingo (L4)
  - Dhole
  - Jackal (L4)
    - Golden jackal
  - Red wolf
  - Wolf (L4)
    - Arctic wolf
    - Eurasian wolf
    - Wolfdog

- Dire wolf

- Fox (L4)
  - Gray fox
  - Vulpes
    - Arctic fox
    - Fennec fox
    - Red fox

- Maned wolf

An island is an isolated piece of habitat that is surrounded by a dramatically different habitat, such as water. ^[10]

Phylogenetic tree for Canis lupus with timing in years^[a]

200,000

80,000

31,000

	Dog

	Holarctic grey wolf

Late Pleistocene wolf†

	Himalayan wolf

	Indian plains wolf

Phylogenetic tree of the extant wolf-like canids,^[a] with the pink shading representing the species Canis lupus.

3.5 mya

3.0 mya

2.5 mya

2.0 mya

1.5 mya

1.0 mya

0.5 mya

Present

2.62 mya

†Late Pleistocene
wolf

Modern grey wolf

Dog

25 kya

80 kya

200 kya

380 kya

600 kya

960 kya

2.0 mya

2.5 mya

3.0 mya

3.5 mya

SBT

^[28]

^[29]

Refs

^ Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Gopalakrishnan, Shyam; Raundrup, Katrine; Dalén, Love; Threlfall, Jonathan; Gilbert, Tom (2021). "The genome sequence of the grey wolf, Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758". Wellcome Open Research. 6: 310. doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17332.1. S2CID 244084784.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
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^ Hinga, Bethany D. Rinard (2015). Ring of Fire: An Encyclopedia of the Pacific Rim's Earthquakes, Tsunamis, and Volcanoes. ABC CLIO. p. 18. ISBN 9781610692977.
^ Henderson, Robert; Johnson, David (2016). "1". The Geology of Australia (3 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 13. ISBN 9781316692493.
^ Cochrane, Ethan E.; Hunt, Terry L. (8 August 2018). The Oxford Handbook of Prehistoric Oceania. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199925070 – via Google Books.
^ O'Connor, Sue; Veth, Peter Marius; Spriggs, Matthew (1 February 2007). The Archaeology of the Aru Islands, Eastern Indonesia. ANU E Press. ISBN 9781921313042 – via Google Books.
^ Gillespie, Rosemary G.; Clague, David A., eds. (2009). Encyclopedia of Islands. University of California. pp. xxxi. ISBN 9780520256491.
^ Cite error: The named reference gopalakrishnan2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference lindblad2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference werhahn2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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^ Cite error: The named reference Werhahn2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Schweizer2020 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Baggaley, Ann; Dennis-Bryan, Kim (2013). Hennessy, Kathryn (ed.). The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Dorling Kindersley. pp. 214–215. ISBN 9781409364214. Originally bred for dog fighting in the 19th Century, the Staffordshire Bull Terrier was developed in the English Midlands from crosses between Bulldogs and local terriers. The resulting dog, first known as the Bull and Terrier, was small and agile but strong, with powerful jaws.
^ "The comeback of wolves in mid-western Anatolia" (PDF). The Iucn/SSC Canid Specialist Group's Canid News. 23 (5). Canid Biology & Conservation: 18–19. 2021. ISSN 1478-2677. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)

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[0-1] Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Gopalakrishnan, Shyam; Raundrup, Katrine; Dalén, Love; Threlfall, Jonathan; Gilbert, Tom (2021). "The genome sequence of the grey wolf, Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758". Wellcome Open Research. 6: 310. doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17332.1. S2CID 244084784.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[1-2] {{cite journal}}: Empty citation (help)

[2-3] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[3-4] {{cite news}}: Empty citation (help)

[4-5] {{cite web}}: Empty citation (help)

[6] Hinga, Bethany D. Rinard (2015). Ring of Fire: An Encyclopedia of the Pacific Rim's Earthquakes, Tsunamis, and Volcanoes. ABC CLIO. p. 18. ISBN 9781610692977.

[7] Henderson, Robert; Johnson, David (2016). "1". The Geology of Australia (3 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 13. ISBN 9781316692493.

[8] Cochrane, Ethan E.; Hunt, Terry L. (8 August 2018). The Oxford Handbook of Prehistoric Oceania. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199925070 – via Google Books.

[9] O'Connor, Sue; Veth, Peter Marius; Spriggs, Matthew (1 February 2007). The Archaeology of the Aru Islands, Eastern Indonesia. ANU E Press. ISBN 9781921313042 – via Google Books.

[10] Gillespie, Rosemary G.; Clague, David A., eds. (2009). Encyclopedia of Islands. University of California. pp. xxxi. ISBN 9780520256491.

[gopalakrishnan2018-12] Cite error: The named reference gopalakrishnan2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[lindblad2005-13] Cite error: The named reference lindblad2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[koepfli2015-14] Cite error: The named reference koepfli2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[ersmark2016-15] Cite error: The named reference ersmark2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[werhahn2017-16] Cite error: The named reference werhahn2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[werhahn2018-17] Cite error: The named reference werhahn2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[aggarwal2007-18] Cite error: The named reference aggarwal2007 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[sharma2004-19] Cite error: The named reference sharma2004 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[leonard2007-20] Cite error: The named reference leonard2007 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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[rueness2011-22] Cite error: The named reference rueness2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[miklosi2015-23] Cite error: The named reference miklosi2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Loog2018-24] Cite error: The named reference Loog2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[thalmann2013-25] Cite error: The named reference thalmann2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[koblmuller2016-26] Cite error: The named reference koblmuller2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Werhahn2018-27] Cite error: The named reference Werhahn2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Schweizer2020-28] Cite error: The named reference Schweizer2020 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[29] Baggaley, Ann; Dennis-Bryan, Kim (2013). Hennessy, Kathryn (ed.). The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Dorling Kindersley. pp. 214–215. ISBN 9781409364214. Originally bred for dog fighting in the 19th Century, the Staffordshire Bull Terrier was developed in the English Midlands from crosses between Bulldogs and local terriers. The resulting dog, first known as the Bull and Terrier, was small and agile but strong, with powerful jaws.

[30] "The comeback of wolves in mid-western Anatolia" (PDF). The Iucn/SSC Canid Specialist Group's Canid News. 23 (5). Canid Biology & Conservation: 18–19. 2021. ISSN 1478-2677. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)

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