Te Waiohua: Difference between revisions

|iwi_name = Te Waiohua

|caption = The Tāmaki Makaurau region

'''Te Waiohua''' or '''WaiohuaTe Wai-o-Hua''' is a [[Māori people|Māori]] [[iwi]] (tribe) confederation, whichthat thrived in the early 18th17th century. The hapu's [[rohe]] (tribal area) was primarily the central [[Auckland|Tāmaki Makaurau]] area (present daythe [[Auckland]] isthmus]]) and thethey [[had pā (fortified settlements) at Te Tātua a Riukiuta (Three Kings), Puketāpapa (Mt Roskill), Te Ahi-kā-a-Rakataura (Mt Albert), Maungakiekie (One Tree Hill), Maungawhau (Mt Eden), Tītīkōpuke (Mt St John), Ōhinerau (Mt Hobson), Rangitotoiti (Upland Reserve), Taurarua (Judges Bay), Rarotonga (Mt Smart), Ōtāhuhu, Te Pane o Mataaoho (Māngere]] peninsulaMountain), Ihumātao, Matukutūreia (McLaughlin's Mountain) and Matukutūruru (Wiri Mountain), until the 1740s, when the paramount Waiohua chief, [[Kiwi Tāmaki]], was defeated by the [[Ngāti Whātua]] [[hapū]], [[Te Taoū]]. The desendantsdescendants of the Waiohua confederation today include, [[Ngāti Te ĀkitaiAta Waiohua]], Ngā Oho ofand [[NgātiTe Whātua-o-Ōrākei]]Ākitai and [[Waikato TainuiWaiohua]].

TheWaiohua tribewas descendsa fromconfederation of tribes of the ''Tāmaki Makaurau region, who were united as a single unit by [[Te WakatūwhenuaHuakaiwaka]]'' and(from which the name of the tribe, ''[[TeThe Moekākara]]Waters of Hua'', [[Wakacan (canoebe traced)|waka]],. Huakaiwaka lived and thedied at [[TeMaungawhau Arawa]]/ tribeMount [[Ngā OhoEden]].<ref name="Rawhiri">{{cite web|title=The tribes of Tāmaki |first=Rāwiri |last=Taonui |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/tamaki-tribes/page-3|website=Te Ara |date=8 February 2005 |access-date=17 March 17, 2021}}</ref> The confederation formed under chief Te Hua-o-Kaiwaka (from which the name of the tribe, ''The Waters of Hua'', can be traced), who lived and died at [[Maungawhau]].<ref name="Rawhiri"/><ref name="AucklandCouncil">{{cite web|url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/UnitaryPlanDocuments/pc43-technical-report-cva-te-akitai-waiohua.pdf |title=CULTURAL VALUES ASSESSMENT BY TE ĀKITAI WAIOHUA for MATUKUTŪREIA QUARRY PRIVATE PLAN CHANGE |author=[[Te Ākitai Waiohua]] |publisher=Auckland Council |accessdate=2021-02-04 |date=24 August 2010}}</ref> The confederationthree wasmain createdgroups bywho threeHuakaiwaka Ngāmerged Ohowere groups:known as [[Ngā Oho]], based in [[Papakura]], Ngā Riki, based in [[South Auckland]] with a rohe spanning from Papakura to [[Ōtāhuhu]], and Ngā Iwi, who settled from Ōtāhuhu to the North Shore.<ref name="Rawhiri"/> The confederation took the name Waiohua after the death of Te Hua-o-Kaiwaka, (sometime between 1575 and the 1620s).<ref>{{cite web |title=ca 1575 |at=MJ_0007 |work=Manukau's Journey - Ngā Tapuwae o Manukau | publisher=Auckland Libraries Heritage Collections |url=https://kura.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/digital/collection/manukau/id/4362/ |access-date=17 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="AucklandCouncil"/> Ngā Oho, Ngā Riki and Ngā Iwi continued to have distinct identities while being a part of Waiohua as a whole.<ref name="AileenFox">{{Cite journalQ| issn = 00670464| volume = 14| pages = 1–24| last = Fox| first = Aileen |author-link1=Aileen Fox | title = PA OF THE AUCKLAND ISTHMUS: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS| journal = [[Auckland War Memorial Museum|Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum]]| date = 1977Q58677038}}</ref>

Around the year 1675, [[Ngāti Maru (Hauraki)|Ngāti Maru]] of the [[Marutūāhu]] collective sacked the Waiohua [[pā]] located at Maungakiekie, [[MaungawhauMaungakiekie / MountOne EdenTree Hill]], Maungawhau and [[Maungarei|Maungarei / Mount Wellington]].<ref>{{cite web |title=ca 1675 |at=MJ_0011 |work=Manukau's Journey - Ngā Tapuwae o Manukau | publisher=Auckland Libraries Heritage Collections |url=https://kura.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/digital/collection/manukau/id/3041 |access-date=17 March 2021}}</ref> Around 1680, [[Ngāti Whātua]] warrior chief Kāwharu led war parties to attack and sack two Waiohua pā located at [[MatukutureiaMatukutūreia]] (McLaughlins Mountain) and [[MatukutururuMatukutūruru]] (Wiri Mountain), in the Westernwestern part of [[Wiri]], [[South Auckland]].<ref>{{cite web |title=ca 1680 |at=MJ_0013 |work=Manukau's Journey - Ngā Tapuwae o Manukau | publisher=Auckland Libraries Heritage Collections |url=https://kura.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/digital/collection/manukau/id/3754 |access-date=17 March 2021}}</ref>

Te Ikamaupoho, son of Te Hua-o-KaiwakaHuakaiwaka, begun to lead Te Waiohua in the late 17th century, and by early 1700s the confederation was the main influential force on the Auckland isthmus.<ref name="Rawhiri"/><ref name="AucklandCouncil"/> The [[pā]] at [[Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill]] had become the tribal centre for Waiohua.<ref name="Fairfield">{{Cite journal| issn = 003240000032-4000| volume = 50| issue = 2(198)| pages = 92–104| last = Fairfield| first = F. G.| title = MAUNGAKIEKIEMaungakiekie. One Tree Hill, Auckland. Description of some Ethnological Discoveries| journal = The Journal of the Polynesian Society| date = 1941}}</ref> It was the residence of most high chiefs in the confederation, and the location where many traditional rituals were undertaken.<ref name="Fairfield"/> By the 1720s, the major settlements of Waiohua included Maungawhau, Maungakiekie, [[Māngere Mountain]] ("Te Pane o Mataoho"), Ōtāhuhu, Puketāpapa, Te Tātua a Riukiuta, Te Ahi-kā-a-Rakataura, Titikōpuke, Ōhinerau and [[Maungataketake]] near [[Ihumātao]].<ref name="MJ_0015">{{cite web |title=ca 1720 |at=MJ_0015 |work=Manukau's Journey - Ngā Tapuwae o Manukau | publisher=Auckland Libraries Heritage Collections |url=https://kura.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/digital/collection/manukau/id/986 |access-date=17 March 2021}}</ref> By this period, Ngāi Tāhuhu and [[Te Kawerau ā Maki]] were considered allies to Waiohua, or [[hapū]] who were a part of the union.<ref name="MJ_0015"/>

Around the 1730s and 1740s, Waiohua fought battles against [[Ngāti Pāoa]] to the south (based in the Westernwestern [[Hauraki Plains]] [[Ngāti Pāoa]]) and [[Te Taoū]] of Ngāti Whātua (then located around the [[Kaipara Harbour]]).<ref name="AileenFox"/><ref name="MJ_0017">{{cite web |title=ca 1740 |at=MJ_0017 |work=Manukau's Journey - Ngā Tapuwae o Manukau | publisher=Auckland Libraries Heritage Collections |url=https://kura.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/digital/collection/manukau/id/7017 |access-date=17 March 2021}}</ref> Te Taoū sacked Waiohua settlements such as Maungakiekie and Māngere.<ref name="MJ_0017"/> Around 1741, the paramount chief of Te Waiohua, [[Kiwi Tāmaki]], was killed in battle at Paruroa (Great Muddy Creek in [[Titirangi]]) by [[Te Taoū]]/Ngāti Whātua chief Te Waha-akiaki, in response to Kiwi Tāmaki killing several members of Te Taoū treacherously.<ref name="AileenFox"/> Since this time until the early 1800s, Ngāti Whātua became the major influential force on the Auckland isthmus from then until the early 1800s.<ref name="Rawhiri"/> In the 1750s, many remaining members of Waiohua settled among [[Waikato Tainui]] to the south, in locations such as [[Drury, New Zealand|Drury]], [[Pōkeno]] and [[Papakura]], while others intermarried with Ngāti Whātua.<ref name="Fairfield"/><ref name="MJ_0017"/><ref name="MJ_0020">{{cite web |title=ca 1765 |at=MJ_0020 |work=Manukau's Journey - Ngā Tapuwae o Manukau | publisher=Auckland Libraries Heritage Collections |url=https://kura.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/digital/collection/manukau/id/4305 |access-date=17 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="AucklandCouncil"/>

CircaIn around 1765, the Waikato-based refugees of Waiohua returned to Manukau, and are now known as Ngāti Te Ata Waiohua and [[Te Ākitai Waiohua]].<ref name="MJ_0020"/> Members of Waiohua (Ngāti Te Ata) who intermarried with Te Taoū re-adopted the name Ngā Oho,<ref name="MJ_0020"/> and today are a hapū of [[Ngāti Whātua-o- Ōrākei]]. Te Ākitai Waiohua began to resettle the southern rohe of Waiohua up to [[Ōtāhuhu]].<ref name="AucklandCouncil"/> By the 1790s, Ngāti WhatuaWhātua and Waiohua allied forces against [[Ngāti Pāoa]] who were settling along the [[TamakiTāmaki River]].<ref name="AucklandCouncil"/> In the 1820s during the [[Musket Wars]], Ngāti Whatua, Ngāti Te Ata Waiohua and Te Ākitai Waiohua relocated to the Waikato under the protection of [[Pōtatau Te Wherowhero]], returning in 1835.<ref name="AucklandCouncil"/> During the 1840s, Waiohua descendant tribes returned to their [[papakāinga]] (settlements) at [[Ihumātao]], Pūkaki, Papahinu and Waimahia, while Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei moved their main settlement from [[Māngere Bridge (suburb)|Māngere]]/[[Onehunga]] to [[Ōrākei]] on the [[Waitematā Harbour]].{{sfn|Mackintosh|2021|pp=98}}

*Ngā Oho ([[Ngāti Whātua-o- Ōrākei]])<ref name="MJ_0020"/>

*[[Ngāti Te Ata|Ngāti Te Ata Waiohua]]<ref name="MOlocalBoard"/>

*[[Te ĀkitaiAhiwaru Waiohua]]<ref name="MOlocalBoard"/>

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