Taranaki: Difference between revisions

{{Use dmyNew datesZealand English|date=JanuaryApril 20122024}}

| official_name = Taranaki

| settlement_type = [[Regions of New Zealand|Region of New Zealand]]

| total_type = Region

| image_map = Position{{New Zealand ofregion map|Taranaki.png|250px}}

|subdivision_type1 subdivision_name1 = [[North Island]]

|seat parts_type = [[Stratford,Territorial authorities of New Zealand|StratfordTerritorial authorities]]

|p1 p2 = NewSouth PlymouthTaranaki District

|p2= Southp3 Taranaki = Stratford District (part)

| population_as_of = {{NZ population data 2018|||y}}

| population_footnotes=<ref name="NZ_population_data"/> {{NZ population data 2018||||y}}

| population_total = {{NZ population data 2018|Taranaki Regionregion|y}}

| population_density_km2 = auto

'''Taranaki''' is a [[regions of New Zealand|region]] in the west of [[New Zealand]]'s [[North Island]], administered by the '''Taranaki Regional Council'''. It is named after its main geographical feature, the [[stratovolcano]] of [[Mount Taranaki]], also known as Mount Egmont.

The main centre is the city of [[New Plymouth]]. The New Plymouth District is home to more than 65 per cent of the population of Taranaki.<ref name="QuickStats">{{NZ Quickstats2013|14110|Taranaki Region}}</ref><ref>{{NZ Quickstats2013|14111|New Plymouth District}}</ref> New Plymouth is in North Taranaki along with [[Inglewood, New Zealand|Inglewood]] and [[Waitara, New Zealand|Waitara]]. South Taranaki towns include [[HaweraHāwera]], [[Manaia, Taranaki|Manaia]], [[Stratford, New Zealand|Stratford]], [[Eltham, New Zealand|Eltham]], and [[OpunakeŌpunake]].

Since 2005, Taranaki has used the promotional brand "Like no other".<ref>{{cite webnews| url=httphttps://www.newplymouthnzstuff.com/TaranakiLikeNoOtherco.htmnz/taranaki-daily-news/news/97565795/taranaki-like-no-other-trademark-dispute-resolved| title='Taranaki Like No Other|' publisher=Newtrademark Plymouthdispute District Councilresolved| date=295 JuneOctober 20062017| accessdatefirst=Helen| last=Harvey| publisher=25Taranaki JuneDaily 2011News}}</ref>

[[File:TaranakiRegionPopulationDensity2023 NZ Census Population Density - Taranaki Region.png|thumb|left|280px| A map showing population density in the Taranaki Region at the 20062023 census]]

Taranaki is on the west coast of the North Island, surrounding the volcanic peak of Mount TatanakiTaranaki. The region covers an area of 7258&nbsp;km²². ItdIts large bays north-west and south-west of [[Cape Egmont]] are the prosaically named [[North Taranaki Bight]] and [[South Taranaki Bight]].

Taranaki covers {{Convert|7254.50|km2||abbr=on}}<ref name="Area">{{Cite web|title=ArcGIS Web Application|url=https://statsnz.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=6f49867abe464f86ac7526552fe19787| access-date=7 October 2024|website=statsnz.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> and has a population of {{NZ population data 2018|Taranaki Regionregion|y}} as of Statistics New Zealand's {{NZ population data 2018|||y}}, {{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Taranaki Regionregion|y}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|New Zealand|y}}|R}}*100|1}} percent of New Zealand's population. It ishas thea tenthpopulation mostdensity populousof [[regions{{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ ofpopulation Newdata Zealand2018|Taranaki region|y}}|R}}/7254.50|0}} ofpeople Newper Zealand]].km<sup>2<ref name="NZ_population_data" /sup>. The median age of Taranaki's populationIt is 39.9the years,tenth twomost yearspopulous above[[regions theof New Zealand median. Around 16.2 percent|region of theNew population is aged 65 or over while 21.1 percent is aged under 15. In 2013, there were 95.7 males for every hundred females in TaranakiZealand]].<ref>{{cite web |titlename="NZ_population_data_2018" 2013 Census QuickStats about a place: Taranaki Region |url= http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-about-a-place.aspx?request_value=14110&tabname=&p=y&printall=true |publisher= Statistics New Zealand |accessdate= 28 March 2016}}</ref>

|! colspan="2" |'''Largest groups of overseas-born residents'''<ref name="NZdotstatNZdotstat2">{{cite web |urltitle=Birthplace http(detailed), for the census usually resident population count, 2006, 2013, and 2018 Censuses (RC, TA, SA2, DHB) |url=https://nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz/wbos/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=TABLECODE8041TABLECODE8279 |titleaccess-date= |publisher=Statistics New Zealand}}</ref>

!Nationality ||
!Population (20132018)

| {{flag|Australia}} || 1,560

| {{flag|South Africa}} || 939

| {{flag|United States}} || 351

The region has had a strong Māori presence for centuries. The local [[iwi]] ([[List of Māori iwi|tribes]]) include [[Ngāti Mutunga]], [[Ngāti Maru (Taranaki)|Ngāti Maru]], [[Ngāti Ruanui]], [[Taranaki (iwi)|Taranaki]], [[Te Āti Awa]], [[NgaNgā Rauru]], [[Ngā Ruahine|Ngāruahinerangi]] and [[Ngāti Tama]].

The area became home to a number of Māori tribes from the 13th century. From about 1823 the Māori began having contact with European [[whaler]]s as well as traders who arrived by [[schooner]] to buy [[New Zealand flax|flax]].<ref>[{{Cite web|url=http://www.pukeariki.com/en/stories/immigration/barrettngamoto.htm Puke Ariki Museum essay] {{Webarchive|urlarchiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927000443/http://www.pukeariki.com/en/stories/immigration/barrettngamoto.htm|url-status=dead|title=Puke Ariki Museum essay|datearchivedate=27 September 2007}}</ref> Around the 1820s and 1830s, whalers targeted [[Southern right whale]]s in the [[South Taranaki Bight]].<ref>{{Cite Q|Q58677530}}</ref> In March 1828 [[Dicky Barrett (trader)|Richard "Dicky" Barrett]] (1807–47) set up a trading post at Ngamotu (present-day [[New Plymouth]]).<ref name="Caughey">{{cite book | author=Angela Caughey | title=The Interpreter: The Biography of Richard "Dicky" Barrett | year= 1998 | isbn=1-86953-346-1 | publisher= David Bateman Ltd }}</ref> Barrett and his companions, who were armed with muskets and cannon, were welcomed by the Āti Awa tribe because of their worthfor assisting in their continuing wars with [[Waikato]] Māori.<ref name="Caughey" /> Following a bloody encounter at Ngamotu in 1832, most of the 2000 Āti Awa <ref name="Caughey" /> living near Ngamotu, as well as Barrett, migrated south to the [[KapitiKāpiti Coast|KapitiKāpiti]] region and [[Marlborough Region|Marlborough]].

| publisher= Penguin

The war was fought by more than 35003,500 imperial troops brought in from [[Australia]], as well as volunteer soldiers and militia, against Māori forces that fluctuated betweenfrom a few hundred and aboutto 15001,500.<ref name=king>{{cite book | author=Michael King | title=The Penguin History of New Zealand | year= 2003 | isbn=0-14-301867-1 | publisher= Penguin Books}}</ref> Total losses among the imperial, volunteer, and militia troops are estimated to have been 238, while Māori casualties totalled about 200.

An uneasy truce was negotiated a year later, only to be broken in April 1863 as tensions over land occupation boiled over again. A total of 50005,000 troops fought in the [[Second Taranaki War]] against about 15001,500 men, women and children. The style of warfare differed markedly from that of the 1860-611860–61 conflict as the army systematically took possession of Māori land by driving off the inhabitants, adopting a "[[scorched earth]]" strategy of laying waste to the villages and cultivations of Māori, whether warlike or otherwise. As the troops advanced, the Government built an expanding line of redoubts, behind which settlers built homes and developed farms. The effect was a creeping confiscation of almost a million acres (4,000&nbsp;km²²) of land.<ref name=kaupapa>[http{{Cite web|url=https://www.waitangi-tribunalwaitangitribunal.govt.nz/reports/downloadpdf.asp?reportid={3FECC540-D049-4DE6-A7F0-C26BCCDAB345}.pdf The Taranaki Report: Kaupapa Tuatahi by the Waitangi Tribunal, 1996] {{Webarchive|urlarchiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927200826/http://www.waitangi-tribunal.govt.nz/reports/downloadpdf.asp?reportid=%7B3FECC540-D049-4DE6-A7F0-C26BCCDAB345%7D.pdf |dateurl-status=dead|title=Home|archivedate=27 September 2007|website=Waitangi Tribunal}}</ref>

Armed Māori resistance continued in South Taranaki until early 1869, led by the warrior [[TitokowaruTītokowaru]], who reclaimed land almost as far south as [[Wanganui]]. A decade later, spiritual leader [[Te Whiti o Rongomai]], based at [[Parihaka]], launched a campaign of passive resistance against government land confiscation, which culminated in a raid by colonial troops on 5 November 5, 1881.

The confiscations, subsequently acknowledged by the New Zealand Government as unjust and illegal,<ref name=Awa10>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070317062622/http://www.waitangi-tribunal.govt.nz/reports/viewchapter.asp?reportID=A949CD08-4825-48BF-B038-FAC923793297&chapter=11 Ngati Awa Raupatu Report, chapter 10, Waitangi Tribunal, 1999.]</ref> began in 1865 and soon included the entire Taranaki district. Towns including [[Normanby, Taranaki|Normanby]], [[HaweraHāwera]] and Carlyle ([[Patea]]) were established on land confiscated as military settlements.<ref>[{{Cite web|url=http://www.enzb.auckland.ac.nz/document/1878_-_Wells%2C_B._The_History_of_Taranaki/CHAPTER_XXV%3A_CONFISCATION_OF_LANDS_AND_ESTABLISHMENT_OF_MILITARY_SETTLEMENTS?action=null |title=B. Wells, ''The History of Taranaki'', 1878, Chapter 25.]}}</ref> The release of a [[Waitangi Tribunal]] report on the situation in 1996 led to some debate on the matter. In a speech to a group of psychologists, Associate Minister of Māori Affairs [[Tariana Turia]] compared the suppression of Taranaki Māori to the [[Holocaust]], provoking a vigorous reaction<ref>[{{Cite web|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/popular/treaty/events-1990s "A Taranaki Holocaust?" (2000) Downloadable Radio New Zealand broadcast] {{Webarchive|urlarchiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710044058/http://www.radionz.co.nz/popular/treaty/events-1990s|url-status=dead|title="A Taranaki Holocaust?" (2000) Downloadable Radio New Zealand broadcast|datearchivedate=10 July 2011 }}</ref> around New Zealand, with Prime Minister [[Helen Clark]] among those voicing criticism.

The sub-nationalsubnational gross domestic product (GDP) of the Taranaki region was estimated at NZ$89.351 billion in 2016the makingyear upto 3March 2020, 2.394% of New Zealand's national GDP. ThisThe wasregional downGDP fromper NZ$9.2capita billionwas andestimated 4%at $76,715 in 2014the aftersame Taranaki experiencedperiod, the largest drophighest in GDPNew of any region for the 2015-16 financial yearZealand.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/economic_indicators/NationalAccounts/rgdp-YeMar16-infographic.aspx|title=NewRegional Zealand'sgross regionaldomestic economiesproduct: 2016Year –ended infographic|website=www.stats.govt.nz|language=en-nz|access-date=2017-10-23March 2020 {{!}}</ref><ref>{{Cite webStats NZ|url=httphttps://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_statsinformation-releases/economic_indicators/NationalAccounts/RegionalGDP_HOTPYeMar14.aspxregional-gross-domestic-product-year-ended-march-2020|titleaccess-date=Regional Gross Domestic Product: Year ended March 20142021-04-06|website=www.stats.govt.nz|access-date=2016-02-14}}</ref>

| [[Charles Brown (New Zealand politician, born 1820)|Charles Brown]] || 1853–1857

| [[Charles Brown (New Zealand politician, born 1820)|Charles Brown]] || 1861–1865

| [[Henry RobertRichmond (politician)|Henry Richmond]] || 1865–1869

The Taranaki Regional Council was formed as part of major nationwide [[local government]] reforms in November 1989, for the purpose of [[integrated catchment management]]. The regional council was the successor to the Taranaki Catchment Board, the Taranaki United Council, the Taranaki Harbours Board, and 16 small special-purpose local bodies that were abolished under the ''Local Government Amendment Act (No 3) 1988''. The Councilcouncil's headquarters were established in the central location of [[Stratford, New Zealand|Stratford]] to "provide a good compromise in respect of overcoming traditional south vs north Taranaki community of interest conflicts" (Taranaki Regional Council, 2001 p.&nbsp;6).

'''ChairmenChairs'''

* [[Ross LeslieAllen (politician)|Ross Allen]] (1989–2001)

* [[David MacLeod]] (2007–present2007–2022)

Taranaki's landscape and the mountain's supposed resemblance to [[Mount Fuji]] led it to be selected as the location for ''[[The Last Samurai]]'', a motion picture set in 19th-century Japan. The movie starred [[Tom Cruise]].

* [[Taranaki Rugby Football Union|PortYarrows Taranaki Bulls]] -– Mitre[[National 10Provincial CupChampionship (1976–2005)|National Provincial Championship]] Rugby Union Team

* [[TeamTaranaki TaranakiAirs]] - Central Premier– LeagueNBL FootballBasketball Team

* [[Taranaki Mountainairs]]Thunder -– NBLWomen's Basketball Team

*[[Harry Atkinson|Sir Harry Atkinson]] – Premier of New Zealand and Colonial Treasurer

*[[Te Rangi Hīroa|Sir Peter Buck]] (Te Rangi Hīroa) of [[Ngāti Mutunga]] – Māori scholar, politician, military leader, health administrator, anthropologist, museum director, born in Urenui

*All Blacks: [[Beauden Barrett]], [[Scott Barrett (rugby union)|Scott Barrett]], [[Jordie Barrett]], [[Grant Fox]], [[Luke McAlister]], [[Kayla McAlister]], [[Graham Mourie]], [[Conrad Smith]], [[Carl Hayman]].

*Rugby League: [[Gavin Hill]], [[Issac Luke]], [[Curtis Rona]], [[Howie Tamati]] Graham West

*[[Peter Snell]] – Gold medal -winning athlete, born in OpunakeŌpunake.

*[[TitokowaruTītokowaru's War]]

{{reflist|30emReflist}}

* {{cite book |first=J.S. |last=Tullett |dateyear=1981 |title=The Industrious Heart: A History of New Plymouth |publisher=New Plymouth District Council}}

* {{cite book |first=James |last=[[Belich |author-link=James Belich (historian)|Belich]] |dateyear=1988 |title=The New Zealand Wars |publisher=Penguin}}

* {{cite book |first=Dick |last=Scott |dateyear=1998 |title=Ask That Mountain |isbn=0-7900-0190-X |publisher=Reed}}

* [http://www.windwand.co.nz Taranaki Tourism website with in-depth information about the region and an image library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327121111/http://www.windwand.co.nz/ |date=27 March 2020 }}