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{{Short description|Region of New Zealand}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name
| settlement_type
| total_type
| image_map = {{New Zealand region
| blank_emblem_size =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[New Zealand]]
| subdivision_type1 = Island
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| parts_style = list
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| leader_title = Chairperson
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| population_as_of
| population_footnotes = {{NZ population data
| population_total
| population_density_km2
| demographics_type2 = GDP
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |date=24 March 2023 |title=Regional gross domestic product: Year ended March 2022 |url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/regional-gross-domestic-product-year-ended-march-2022/ |access-date=4 April 2023 |publisher=[[Statistics New Zealand]]}}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = Total
| demographics2_info1 = [[New Zealand dollar|NZ$]] 9.599 billion (2021) ([[List of regions of New Zealand by GDP|9th]])
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita
| demographics2_info2 = NZ$ 75,643 (2021)
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2021)
| blank_info_sec1 = 0.939<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/NZL/?levels=1+4&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br />{{color|green|very high}} · [[List of regions of New Zealand by Human Development Index|3rd]]
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| utc_offset = +12
| timezone_DST = NZDT
| utc_offset_DST = +13
| website = {{URL|http://www.trc.govt.nz/}}
| name =
| iso_code = NZ-TKI
| map_caption = Taranaki within New Zealand
| governing_body = [[Taranaki#Taranaki_Regional_Council|Taranaki Regional Council]]
| image_blank_emblem = TaranakiRegionalCouncil-logo.svg
| blank_emblem_type = Logo
}}
'''Taranaki''' is a [[regions of New Zealand|region]] in the west of [[New Zealand]]'s [[North Island]]. It is named after its main geographical feature, the [[stratovolcano]]
The main centre is the city of [[New Plymouth]]. The New Plymouth District is home to more than 65 per cent of the population of Taranaki.<ref name="QuickStats">{{NZ Quickstats2013|14110|Taranaki Region}}</ref><ref>{{NZ Quickstats2013|14111|New Plymouth District}}</ref> New Plymouth is in North Taranaki along with [[Inglewood, New Zealand|Inglewood]] and [[Waitara, New Zealand|Waitara]]. South Taranaki towns include [[Hāwera]], [[Manaia, Taranaki|Manaia]], [[Stratford, New Zealand|Stratford]], [[Eltham, New Zealand|Eltham]], and [[
Since 2005, Taranaki has used the promotional brand "Like no other".<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/taranaki-daily-news/news/97565795/taranaki-like-no-other-trademark-dispute-resolved| title='Taranaki Like No Other' trademark dispute resolved| date=5 October 2017| first=Helen| last=Harvey| publisher=Taranaki Daily News}}</ref>
==Geography==
[[File:
Taranaki is on the west coast of the North Island, surrounding the volcanic peak of Mount Taranaki. The region covers an area of 7258 km<sup>2</sup>. Its large bays north-west and south-west of [[Cape Egmont]] are [[North Taranaki Bight]] and [[South Taranaki Bight]].
[[File:Taranaki Satellite.jpg|left|thumb|322x322px|Picture of Taranaki acquired from the Landsat 8 satellite, showing the near-circular Egmont National Park surrounding Mount Taranaki. New Plymouth is the grey area on the northern coastline.]]
Mount Taranaki is the second highest mountain in the North Island, and the dominant geographical feature of the region. [[Mount Taranaki legend|A Māori legend]] says that Mount Taranaki previously lived with the [[Mount Tongariro|Tongariro]], [[Mount Ngauruhoe|Ngāuruhoe]] and [[Mount Ruapehu|Ruapehu]] mountains of the central North Island but fled to its current location after a battle with Tongariro. A near-perfect cone, it last erupted in the mid-18th century. The mountain and its immediate surrounds form [[Egmont National Park]]. Historically, the area consisted of a narrow [[coastal plain]] covered by [[bracken]], [[Coriaria arborea|tutu]], [[Knightia excelsa|rewarewa]] and [[Karaka (tree)|karaka]] trees, with anywhere not close to the coast covered in dense forest.<ref name="Prickett1994">{{Cite Q|Q58677455}}</ref>
[[Māori people|Māori]] had called the mountain ''Taranaki'' for many centuries, and Captain [[James Cook]] gave it the English name of ''Egmont'' after the [[John Perceval, 2nd Earl of Egmont|Earl of Egmont]], the recently retired First Lord of the Admiralty who had encouraged his expedition. The mountain has two alternative official names, "Mount Taranaki" and "Mount Egmont".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.linz.govt.nz/placenames/consultation-decisions/a-to-z/whanganui/faq.aspx|title=What is the difference between alternative naming and dual naming?|access-date=19 March 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100524140145/http://www.linz.govt.nz/placenames/consultation-decisions/a-to-z/whanganui/faq.aspx|archive-date=24 May 2010}}</ref>
[[File:Mt Taranaki.JPG|right|thumb|250px|View of Mount Taranaki from
The region is exceptionally fertile thanks to generous rainfall and rich volcanic soil. [[Dairy farming]] predominates, with [[Fonterra]]'s Whareroa milk factory just outside of [[Hāwera]] producing the largest volume of dairy ingredients from a single factory anywhere in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Fonterra
The way the land mass projects into the [[Tasman Sea]] with northerly, westerly and southerly exposures, results in many excellent surfing and windsurfing locations, some of them considered world-class.
==Demography==
Taranaki covers {{Convert|7254.50|km2||abbr=on}}<ref name="Area">{{Cite web|title=ArcGIS Web Application|url=https://statsnz.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=6f49867abe464f86ac7526552fe19787| access-date=7 October 2024|website=statsnz.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> and has a population of {{NZ population data 2018|Taranaki region|y}} as of Statistics New Zealand's {{NZ population data 2018|||y}}, {{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Taranaki region|y}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|New Zealand|y}}|R}}*100|1}} percent of New Zealand's population. It has a population density of {{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Taranaki region|y}}|R}}/7254.50|0}} people per km<sup>2</sup>. It is the tenth most populous [[regions of New Zealand|region of New Zealand]].<ref name="NZ_population_data_2018" />
{{Historical populations
Line 67 ⟶ 79:
|2013|109,608
|2018|117,561
|2023|126,015|percentages=pagr|align=left|source=<ref name="Census
Taranaki Region had a population of
People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 83.6% [[European New Zealanders|European]] ([[Pākehā]]); 21.8% [[Māori people|Māori]]; 2.6% [[Pasifika New Zealanders|Pasifika]]; 5.7% [[Asian New Zealanders|Asian]]; 0.8% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.7% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 97.4%, Māori language by 4.5%, Samoan by 0.4% and other languages by 6.7%. No language could be spoken by 2.0% (e.g. too young to talk). [[New Zealand Sign Language]] was known by 0.5%. The percentage of people born overseas was 14.9, compared with 28.8% nationally.
{| class="infobox" style="float:right;"
! colspan="2" |Largest groups of overseas-born residents<ref name="NZdotstat2">{{cite web |title=Birthplace (detailed), for the census usually resident population count, 2006, 2013, and 2018 Censuses (RC, TA, SA2, DHB) |url=https://nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz/wbos/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=TABLECODE8279 |access-date= |publisher=Statistics New Zealand}}</ref>
|-
!Nationality
!Population (2018)
|-
|England
|4,179
|-
|Australia
|1,965
|-
|South Africa
|1,311
|-
|India
|972
|-
|Philippines
|918
|-
|Scotland
|549
|-
|Fiji
|498
|-
|China
|480
|-
|United States
|480
|-
|Netherlands
|420
|}
The region has had a strong Māori presence for centuries. The local [[iwi]] ([[List of Māori iwi|tribes]]) include [[Ngāti Mutunga]], [[Ngāti Maru (Taranaki)|Ngāti Maru]], [[Ngāti Ruanui]], [[Taranaki (iwi)|Taranaki]], [[Te Āti Awa]], [[Ngā Rauru]], [[Ngā Ruahine|Ngāruahinerangi]] and [[Ngāti Tama]].
Religious affiliations were 30.9% [[Christianity in New Zealand|Christian]], 0.9% [[Hinduism in New Zealand|Hindu]], 0.5% [[Islam in New Zealand|Islam]], 0.9% [[Religion of Māori people|Māori religious beliefs]], 0.4% [[Buddhism in New Zealand|Buddhist]], 0.5% [[New Age]], 0.1% [[Judaism in New Zealand|Jewish]], and 1.1% other religions. People who answered that they had [[Irreligion in New Zealand|no religion]] were 56.3%, and 8.6% of people did not answer the census question.
Of those at least 15 years old,
===Urban areas===
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|align=right|{{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Eltham|y}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Taranaki region|y}}|R}}*100|1}}%
|-
|[[
|align=right| {{NZ population data 2018|Oakura (New Plymouth district)|y}}
|align=right|{{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Oakura (New Plymouth district)|y}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Taranaki region|y}}|R}}*100|1}}%
|-
|[[Ōpunake]]
|align=right| {{NZ population data 2018|Opunake|y}}
|align=right|{{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Opunake|y}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Taranaki region|y}}|R}}*100|1}}%
Line 112 ⟶ 169:
|align=right| {{NZ population data 2018|Patea|y}}
|align=right|{{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Patea|y}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Taranaki region|y}}|R}}*100|1}}%
|-
|[[Normanby, Taranaki|Normanby]]
|align=right| {{NZ population data 2018|Normanby|y}}
|align=right| {{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Normanby|y}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Taranaki region|y}}|R}}*100|1}}%
|}
==History==
The area became home to a number of Māori tribes from the 13th century. From about 1823 the Māori began having contact with European [[whaler]]s as well as traders who arrived by [[schooner]] to buy [[New Zealand flax|flax]].<ref>
In late 1839 Barrett returned to Taranaki to act as a purchasing agent for the [[New Zealand Company]], which had already begun on-selling the land to prospective settlers in England with the expectation of securing its title. Barrett claimed to have negotiated the purchase of an area extending from [[Mokau]] to [[Cape Egmont]], and inland to the upper reaches of the [[Whanganui River]] including [[Mount Taranaki/Egmont|Mt Taranaki]]. A later deed of sale included New Plymouth and all the coastal lands of North Taranaki, including [[Waitara, New Zealand|Waitara]].
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| title= The New Zealand Wars and the Victorian Interpretation of Racial Conflict
| edition= 1st
| publisher=
| location= Auckland
| isbn= 0-14-011162-X}}</ref>
The war was fought by more than 3,500 imperial troops brought in from [[Australia]] as well as volunteer soldiers and militia against Māori forces that fluctuated from a few hundred and to 1,500.<ref name=king>{{cite book | author=Michael King | title=The Penguin History of New Zealand | year= 2003 | isbn=0-14-301867-1 | publisher=
An uneasy truce was negotiated a year later, only to be broken in April 1863 as tensions over land occupation boiled over again. A total of 5,000 troops fought in the [[Second Taranaki War]] against about 1,500 men, women and children. The style of warfare differed markedly from that of the
The present main highway on the inland side of [[Mount Taranaki]] follows the path taken by the colonial forces under Major General [[Trevor Chute]] as they marched, with great difficulty, from [[Patea]] to New Plymouth in 1866.
Armed Māori resistance continued in South Taranaki until early 1869, led by the warrior [[
The confiscations, subsequently acknowledged by the New Zealand Government as unjust and illegal,<ref name=Awa10>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070317062622/http://www.waitangi-tribunal.govt.nz/reports/viewchapter.asp?reportID=A949CD08-4825-48BF-B038-FAC923793297&chapter=11 Ngati Awa Raupatu Report, chapter 10, Waitangi Tribunal, 1999.]</ref> began in 1865 and soon included the entire Taranaki district. Towns including [[Normanby, Taranaki|Normanby]], [[Hāwera]] and Carlyle ([[Patea]]) were established on land confiscated as military settlements.<ref>
==Economy==
The subnational gross domestic product (GDP) of
Taranaki’s economy is centred around [[Dairy farming in New Zealand|dairy farming]], [[hydrocarbon exploration]], and manufacturing (including agricultural and energy based manufacturing) with these industries making up approximately 40 percent of the region’s GDP in 2019. Taranaki has had the highest GDP per capita from 2007 onward except in 2017 when Wellington was higher.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Regional gross domestic product: Year ended March 2020 {{!}} Stats NZ|url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/regional-gross-domestic-product-year-ended-march-2020#taranaki|access-date=2021-04-06|website=www.stats.govt.nz}}</ref>
In the 2019–20 season, there were 468,000 milking cows in Taranaki, 9.5% of the country's total herd. The cows produced 185,320 tonnes of milk solids, worth $1,334 million at the national average farmgate price ($7.20 per kg).<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Zealand Dairy Statistics 2019–20|url=https://www.dairynz.co.nz/publications/dairy-industry/new-zealand-dairy-statistics-2019-20/|access-date=2021-03-08|website=www.dairynz.co.nz|language=en}}</ref> The Dairy Farming industry is the largest employer in Taranaki, comprising 5 per cent of all employees.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.mbie.govt.nz/dmsdocument/11453-regional-factsheet-taranaki-pdf | title=Regional fact sheet: Taranaki | website=www.mbie.govt.nz}}</ref> The region is home to the world’s largest milk production facility by annual volume, Fonterra’s Whareroa Plant near Hawera, which produces milk powder, butter, casein whey and cheese. The region also boasts the largest secondary cheese operation in Asia-Pacific as well as a high-tech lactose plant producing pharmaceutical lactose for the global medical industry and a speciality artisan cheese facility.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://about.taranaki.info/Taranaki-s-Industries/Dairy.aspx |title=Venture Taranaki – About Taranaki |access-date=7 April 2021 |archive-date=11 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211033822/https://about.taranaki.info/Taranaki-s-Industries/Dairy.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Natural gas from Taranaki’s fields accounts for around 20% of New Zealand’s primary energy supply. It provides heat, energy and hot water supply for over 245,000 New Zealand households as well as more than 10,000 commercial users such as restaurants, hotels, greenhouses and hospitals. The single biggest user of natural gas is Methanex, also based in Taranaki, who use it as a feedstock to produce methanol for export. Taranaki's natural gas is also used to make urea for use on farms. The head offices of many energy companies are based in the region along with specialist service and supply companies, including freight, logistics, fabrication, technical, professional services and consultancies as well as environmental and health and safety expertise. The region is renowned for its world class engineering design and project management skills, which tackles on and off shore fabrication and construction.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://about.taranaki.info/Taranaki-s-Industries/O-G.aspx |title=Venture Taranaki – About Taranaki |access-date=7 April 2021 |archive-date=10 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210140242/https://about.taranaki.info/Taranaki-s-Industries/O-G.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Governance==
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!Term
|-
| [[Charles Brown (New Zealand politician
|-
| [[George Cutfield]] || 1857–1861
|-
| [[Charles Brown (New Zealand politician
|-
| [[Henry
|-
| [[Frederic Carrington]] || 1869–1876
Line 205 ⟶ 236:
The Taranaki Regional Council was formed as part of major nationwide [[local government]] reforms in November 1989, for the purpose of [[integrated catchment management]]. The regional council was the successor to the Taranaki Catchment Board, the Taranaki United Council, the Taranaki Harbours Board, and 16 small special-purpose local bodies that were abolished under the ''Local Government Amendment Act (No 3) 1988''. The council's headquarters were established in the central location of [[Stratford, New Zealand|Stratford]] to "provide a good compromise in respect of overcoming traditional south vs north Taranaki community of interest conflicts" (Taranaki Regional Council, 2001 p. 6).
'''
* [[Ross Allen (politician)|Ross Allen]] (1989–2001)
* [[David Walter (New Zealand politician)|David Walter]] (2001–2007)
* [[David MacLeod]] (
* Charlotte Littlewood (2022–present)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.trc.govt.nz/council/news-and-events/council-news/council-elects-new-chairperson/ |title=Council elects new chairperson |date=26 October 2022 |publisher=Taranaki Regional Council}}</ref>
==Motion picture location==
Taranaki's landscape and the mountain's supposed resemblance to [[Mount Fuji]] led it to be selected as the location for ''[[The Last Samurai]]'', a motion picture set in 19th-century Japan. The movie starred [[Tom Cruise]].
== Public Safety ==
Taranaki has 20 fire stations scattered throughout the region. It includes one career (full time) brigade based at New Plymouth Central Fire Station and is staffed by two crews (8 firefighters) 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and responds, not only to the city, but to surrounding volunteer brigades in satellite towns if needed. New Plymouth has four fire appliances, including an aerial appliance and pump rescue truck, and three specialist vehicles. There are 17 volunteer and two rural brigades in the region.
Taranaki Base Hospital in New Plymouth is the region's largest hospital. It has a 24-hour emergency department, wards for older people's health, rehabilitation, children and young people/pediatrics, general surgery and urology, orthopedics and surgical specialties, general medicine and maternity and provides community services. It's currently undergoing a multi-million dollar development to expand its services.
Hawera Hospital, one hour south, is a smaller hospital but offers 24-hour emergency department, inpatient beds, maternity services, outpatients and community services.
There are health centres in [[Waitara, New Zealand|Waitara]], [[Opunake]], [[Patea]], [[Mokau]], [[Stratford, New Zealand|Stratford]] and [[Urenui]].
[[St John New Zealand|St John Ambulance]] supplies all ambulance services to Taranaki, with their main station based Waiwhakaiho on the outskirts of New Plymouth. Throughout the region, they have six emergency ambulances, two rapid response vehicles (one crewed by a critical care paramedic) and two operational managers during the day. At night, four ambulances are on duty and one rapid response vehicle. Volunteer-crewed first response units are based in Opunake and Urenui.
There are 13 police stations in the region, including three in New Plymouth and others are based in the main towns.
The Taranaki Rescue Helicopter Trust provides search, rescue and patient transfer missions when required. The [[MBB/Kawasaki BK 117]] is based at its hangar at Taranaki Base Hospital. It serves as a critical service for missions relating to the region's mountain and steep inland hill country and marine areas.
== Sports teams ==
Notable sports teams from Taranaki include:
* [[Taranaki Rugby Football Union|Yarrows Taranaki Bulls]]
* [[
*
* Taranaki
==Notable people==
{{See also|Category:People from Taranaki}}
*[[
*[[Te Rangi Hīroa|
*[[Richard Faull]] – New Zealand neuroscientist and academic, born and raised in Tikorangi
*[[Māui Pōmare|Māui Wiremu Pita Naera Pōmare]] of [[Ngāti Mutunga]] – politician, Minister of Health
*[[Frederic Carrington]] – surveyor and father of New Plymouth
*[[William Douglas Cook]] – founder of [[Eastwoodhill Arboretum]], [[Ngatapa]], [[Gisborne, New Zealand|Gisborne]] and of [[Pukeiti, Taranaki|Pukeiti]], world-famous [[rhododendron]] garden, New Plymouth.
*[[Hāmi Te Māunu]] – hereditary Maori leader of Ngāti Mutunga<!--- Hami alpha. seq. --->
*[[Wiremu Kīngi]] – [[Māori people|Māori]] Chief of [[Te Āti Awa]], leader in the [[First Taranaki War]]
*[[William George Malone|William Malone]] – First World War officer
*[[Len Lye]] – artist, filmmaker born in Christchurch, collection only housed in New Plymouth
*[[Minarapa Rangihatuake]] – Methodist missionary, active from about 1839 in Taranaki<ref name="DNZB Rangihatuake">{{DNZB|title=Minarapa Rangihatuake|first= John H.|last= Roberts|id=1r1|accessdate=23 April 2017}}</ref>
*[[Michael Smither]] – artist
*[[Ronald Syme]] – scholar of ancient history
*[[Riwha Titokowaru]] – Ngaruahine military war leader
*[[Te Whiti o Rongomai]] – spiritual leader of Parihaka and pioneer of peaceful protest strategies<ref>{{cite web|title=Te Whiti o Rongomai|url=http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/people/erueti-te-whiti-o-rongomai-iii|publisher=Ministry for Culture and Heritage|access-date=2014-12-20}}</ref>
===Sports people===
*All Blacks: [[Beauden Barrett]], [[Scott Barrett (rugby union)|Scott Barrett]], [[Jordie Barrett]], [[Grant Fox]], [[Luke McAlister]], [[Kayla McAlister]], [[Graham Mourie]], [[Conrad Smith]], [[Carl Hayman]].
*Rugby League: , [[Issac Luke]], [[Curtis Rona]], [[Howie Tamati]] Graham West
*[[Michael Campbell]] – golfer
*[[Paige Hareb]] – professional surfer
*[[Peter Snell]] – Gold medal-winning athlete, born in
*[[Hannah Bromley]] – Former professional footballer.
Commonwealth gold Bowls, Brian Symes
7s,World, Commonwealth,Olympic gold medalists..Gayle Broughton & Mikalya Blyde. Silver Ferns, Ardean Harper,
==See also==
*[[First Taranaki War]]
*[[Second Taranaki War]]
*[[
*[[New Zealand land confiscations]]
*[[Taranaki Rugby Football Union]]
Line 254 ⟶ 304:
==References==
{{Reflist
== Further reading ==
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* [http://www.taranaki.info Taranaki – Like No Other: The Official Tourism website]
* [http://www.pukeariki.com/ Puke Ariki: Taranaki's combined museum, library and visitor information centre]
* [http://www.windwand.co.nz Taranaki Tourism website with in-depth information about the region and an image library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327121111/http://www.windwand.co.nz/ |date=27 March 2020 }}
* [http://www.trc.govt.nz Taranaki Regional Council website]
{{Regions of New Zealand}}
{{South Taranaki District}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|39|18|S|174|8|E|region:NZ_type:adm1st|display=title}}
[[Category:Taranaki| ]]
[[Category:Regions of New Zealand]]
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