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{{short description|2007 song by [[Alan Menken]] and [[Stephen Schwartz]]}}
{{good article}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:So Close (''Enchanted'' song)}}
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| length = 3:49
| label = [[Walt Disney Records|Walt Disney]]
|composer=[[Alan Menken]]|lyricist=[[
* Menken
* Schwartz
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"'''
''Enchanted''<nowiki/>'s songs become more contemporary in style as Giselle matures into a modern-day young woman, with "So Close" resembling the style of music featured in [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]] films during the 1990s, a theme similarly reflected by the character's choice of wardrobe during the scene. A romantic [[Pop music|pop]] [[Sentimental ballad|ballad]], Menken and Schwartz based "So Close" on the [[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|title song]] from Disney's ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' (1991), a song Menken himself had written the music for, while its [[cinematography]] was designed to invoke the [[Camera angle|camera movement]] in ''Beauty and the Beast''<nowiki/>'s famous ballroom sequence. The track was arranged and produced by Robbie Buchanan, who had previously arranged pop versions of the [[Theme music|theme songs]] from ''Beauty and the Beast'', ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'' (1992) and ''[[Pocahontas (1995 film)|Pocahontas]]'' (1995)''.''
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== Writing and recording ==
[[File:Jon McLaughlin, 2013.png|thumb|right|160px|American pop rock singer [[Jon McLaughlin (musician)|Jon McLaughlin]] (''pictured'').]]
"So Close" was written by composer [[Alan Menken]] and lyricist [[Stephen Schwartz (composer)|Stephen Schwartz]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gans|first=Andrew|date=February 24, 2008|title="No Country for Old Men" Wins Best Picture Oscar; Day-Lewis, Cotillard, Coens and "Sweeney" Also Winners|url=http://www.playbill.com/article/no-country-for-old-men-wins-best-picture-oscar-day-lewis-cotillard-coens-and-sweeney-also-winners-com-147879|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418080236/http://www.playbill.com/article/no-country-for-old-men-wins-best-picture-oscar-day-lewis-cotillard-coens-and-sweeney-also-winners-com-147879|archive-date=April 18, 2021|access-date=March 10, 2019|website=[[Playbill]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.heraldbulletin.com/community/anderson-s-mclaughlin-to-perform-at-oscars/article_8d81103d-b75c-52bf-9e01-6145b6115737.html|title=Anderson's McLaughlin to perform at Oscars|date=February 23, 2008|website=[[The Herald Bulletin]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190310155105/https://www.heraldbulletin.com/community/anderson-s-mclaughlin-to-perform-at-oscars/article_8d81103d-b75c-52bf-9e01-6145b6115737.html|archive-date=March 10, 2019|access-date=March 10, 2019}}</ref> Menken and Schwartz based "So Close" on the [[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|title song]] from ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' (1991), a song Menken himself had written the music for.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Laird |first=Paul R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1uBhAwAAQBAJ&q=so+close+Jon+McLaughlin&pg=PA255 |title=The Musical Theater of Stephen Schwartz: From Godspell to Wicked and Beyond
Menken recorded an early [[Demo (music)|demo]] version of the song before it was forwarded to Buchanan, who created its [[backing track]].<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|last=Noyer|first=Jérémie|date=March 18, 2008|title=Get Enchanted! Chapter Three: Musical minstrels Alan Menken and Danny Troob!|url=http://animatedviews.com/2008/enchanted-interviews-chapter-three-alan-menken-and-danny-troob/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505141809/http://animatedviews.com/2008/enchanted-interviews-chapter-three-alan-menken-and-danny-troob/|archive-date=May 5, 2021|access-date=March 8, 2019|website=Animated Views}}</ref> In addition to Buchanan, many musicians contributed to the track before it was finally returned to the producer, and then Menken.<ref name=":9" /> Menken proceeded to use Buchanan's track to orchestrate the song while developing an [[Instrumental music|instrumental]] "[[Bridge (music)|middle section]]" during which the characters would dance.<ref name=":9" /> Menken and Schwartz co-produced.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web|title=Alan Menken And Stephen Schwartz – Enchanted|url=https://www.discogs.com/Alan-Menken-And-Stephen-Schwartz-Enchanted/release/1303583|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220013932/https://www.discogs.com/Alan-Menken-And-Stephen-Schwartz-Enchanted/release/1303583|archive-date=February 20, 2021|access-date=March 9, 2019|website=[[Discogs]]}}</ref> Although arranger [[Danny Troob]] contributed some orchestration to the song, he attributes the majority of its arrangement to Buchanan.<ref name=":9" /> "So Close" was recorded by singer-songwriter [[Jon McLaughlin (musician)|Jon McLaughlin]], who was recruited from his record label by the film's music supervisor after Menken and Schwartz began searching for a suitable singer.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=http://rickyleepotts.com/2019/01/jon-mclaughlin-interview.html|title=Artist Interview: 1-on-1 with Jon McLaughlin|last=Potts|first=Ricky|date=January 2019|website=rickyleepotts|access-date=March 8, 2019}}</ref> Instrumentalists on the track include bassist [[Neil Stubenhaus]], drummer [[John Robinson (drummer)|John Robinson]] and guitarist [[Michael Landau]], while Buchanan himself contributed both piano and synthesizer.<ref name=":15" />
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==Context==
=== Background ===
Stylistically, the songs in ''Enchanted'' progress and become more modern over the course of the film,<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Noyer |first=Jérémie |date=March 21, 2008 |title=Get Enchanted! Chapter Six: Director Kevin Lima and exec producer Chris Chase |url=http://animatedviews.com/2008/enchanted-interviews-chapter-six-kevin-lima-and-chris-chase/ |
Giselle's transition from a fairy tale character into a "real woman" is exemplified by her wardrobe choices.<ref name=":20">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/plaindealer/index.ssf?/base/entertainment-0/1195810501231580.xml&coll=2|title=Fairy tale to real woman plot challenged Enchanted's' costume designer Mona May|last=Washington|first=Julie E.|date=November 23, 2007|website=[[Cleveland.com]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071125125629/http://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/plaindealer/index.ssf?%2Fbase%2Fentertainment-0%2F1195810501231580.xml&coll=2|archive-date=November 25, 2007|access-date=March 13, 2019}}</ref> The purple gown Adams wears during the ball sequence was designed by costume designer Mona May, who drew inspiration from costumes used in 1930s musical films, specifically gowns worn by actress [[Ginger Rogers]], as well as several [[Concept art|concept drawings]] of early [[Disney Princess]]es.<ref name=":19">{{Cite magazine |last=Lenker |first=Maureen Lee |date=February 10, 2019 |title=Makeover Magic: The secrets behind your favorite romantic comedy makeovers |url=https://ew.com/movies/2019/02/10/romantic-comedy-makeover-secrets/ |
Executive producer Chris Chase decided to set the scene in the [[Woolworth Building]], a skyscraper in Manhattan, because he believes that the building "is such a [[medieval]]-looking castle", containing gargoyles in addition to being "very decorated."<ref name=":13" /> He described it as "a modern-day reflection of a castle", thus adhering to the film's theme of both reflecting and contrasting traditional fairy tales.<ref name=":13" />
=== Use in ''Enchanted'' ===
The sequence is preceded by a shopping montage, in which Giselle (Adams) is treated to a shopping spree by Robert's daughter Morgan ([[Rachel Covey]]) to update her wardrobe in preparation for The King & Queen's Ball.<ref name=":19" /> The dress Giselle ultimately wears is meant to signify her "transformation into a contemporary New Yorker", as opposed to a more opulent outfit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kam |first=Nadine |date=November 15, 2007 |title=Pouf! Costume magic |url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2007/11/15/features/story01.html |
The song offers "an outer voice that mirrors Giselle's inner emotional journey."<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Disney's Enchanted and a new Menken/Schwartz score|url=http://www.musicalschwartz.com/disney-movies-enchanted.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417141426/http://www.musicalschwartz.com/disney-movies-enchanted.htm|archive-date=April 17, 2021|access-date=March 7, 2019|website=MusicalSchwartz.com}}</ref> While Giselle and Robert dance, the other couples vacate the center of the ballroom floor, allowing them more room.<ref name=":5" /> Robert quietly sings a few of the song's lines to Giselle,<ref name=":5" /> prior to which he had vehemently refused to sing for much of the film.<ref name=":21" /> The couples dance in [[quadruple meter]].<ref name=":3" /> Nancy eventually interrupts them, reuniting with Robert as Edward prepares to leave the ball (and New York) with Giselle.<ref name=":5" /> Earlier in the film, Giselle had promised to Edward that they will return to Andalasia after the ball.<ref name=":22" /> While Edward retrieves Giselle's wrap, she gazes at Robert completing their dance with Nancy as the song concludes.<ref name=":5" /> Menken described "So Close" as "a heartfelt, emotional moment" in the film.<ref name=":6" /> According to Jordan Iacobucci of ''[[Screen Rant]]'', the ballad "tells the entire story of ''Enchanted'' in the span of three minutes", with Giselle and Robert realizing how close they were to finding their happy ending with each other, before it was ultimately taken away.<ref name=":21" />
== Composition ==
According to the song's official [[sheet music]] published by [[Walt Disney Music Publishing]] on Musicnotes.com, "So Close" was written in the key of [[E major]], performed "slowly" in [[Common-time|common time]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|last1=Menken|first1=Alan|author-link=Alan Menken|last2=Schwartz|first2=Stephen|author-link2=Stephen Schwartz (composer)|title=So Close – By Jon McLaughlin – Digital Sheet Music|url=https://www.musicnotes.com/sheetmusic/mtd.asp?ppn=MN0061698#ProductDetails|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422035800/https://www.musicnotes.com/sheetmusic/mtd.asp?ppn=MN0061698|archive-date=April 22, 2021|access-date=March 8, 2019|website=Musicnotes.com|date=2 January 2008 }}</ref> The track lasts a duration of three minutes and forty-nine seconds.<ref name=":15" /> According to ''The Musical Theater of Stephen Schwartz: From Godspell to Wicked'' author Paul R. Laird, the song is performed in 4/4 time "with a prevailing [[Triplet (music)|triplet]] motion", thus the ballad is not a [[waltz]] since it is not written in [[3/4 time]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":16" /> [[Filmtracks.com]] identified the song as a "modern ... contemporary pop" ballad.<ref name=":00">{{Cite web|year=2007|title=Enchanted|url=http://www.filmtracks.com/titles/enchanted.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416172552/http://www.filmtracks.com/titles/enchanted.html|archive-date=April 16, 2021|access-date=January 28, 2014|website=[[Filmtracks.com]]}}</ref> Musically, "So Close" resembles Menken's "era of Disney songwriting",<ref name=":1" /> with the composer himself describing the track as "a more contemporary, [[Adult contemporary music|adult ballad]]" and agreeing that the song is "really in my ballad style".<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":6" /> Troob described "So Close" as a "very straight-ahead pop ballad" reminiscent of music popular during the [[1980s in music|1980s]] and [[1990s in music|1990s]].<ref name=":9" /> Peter Knegt of [[IndieWire]] described the ballad as "mid-1990s [[slow dance]] sounding".<ref name=":17">{{Cite web|last=Knegt|first=Peter|date=November 17, 2010|title=For Your Consideration: The 10 Worst Original Song Oscar Snubs of the Past 10 Years|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2010/11/for-your-consideration-the-10-worst-original-song-oscar-snubs-of-the-past-10-years-244380/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228015022/https://www.indiewire.com/2010/11/for-your-consideration-the-10-worst-original-song-oscar-snubs-of-the-past-10-years-244380/|archive-date=February 28, 2021|access-date=March 10, 2019|website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> In addition to being a pop song, the track employs heavy pop orchestration;<ref name=":9" /> instruments such as bass, drums, guitar, piano and synthesizer can be heard throughout the piece.<ref name=":15" /> Laird described Menken's composition as "a flowing tune with a wide range that takes [McLaughlin's] tenor to a [[D♭ (musical note)|d-flat]]", which he performs in [[falsetto]].<ref name=":3" /> Performing the track using a "melancholic voice",<ref>{{Cite web|last=Li|first=John|title=Enchanted Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (2007)|url=http://www.moviexclusive.com/soundtrack/enchanted.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901164502/http://www.moviexclusive.com/soundtrack/enchanted.htm|archive-date=September 1, 2020|access-date=March 9, 2019|website=MovieXclusive.com}}</ref> McLaughlin's [[vocal range]] on the song spans three octaves, from B<sub>3</sub>-Db<sub>6</sub>.<ref name=":8" />
"So Close" is a [[love song]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Frederick|first=Brittany|date=June 21, 2014|title=Jon McLaughlin expands beyond his 'Enchanted' success|url=https://www.axs.com/jon-mclaughlin-expands-beyond-his-enchanted-success-12772|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914013728/https://www.axs.com/jon-mclaughlin-expands-beyond-his-enchanted-success-12772|archive-date=September 14, 2016|access-date=March 10, 2019|website=[[AXS (company)|AXS]]}}</ref> Lyrically, the track is about "the bittersweet emotion of finding love that may be slipping away at the fingertips", according to Megan Forrester of ''[[Chapman University|The Panther]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Forrester |first=Megan |date=December 6, 2022 |title=Review {{!}} Disney's 'Disenchanted' is the opposite of happily ever after |url=https://www.thepanthernewspaper.org/entertainment/ag92o5m3bohy1ni4ad2cjveho5gsdi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627180110/https://www.thepanthernewspaper.org/entertainment/ag92o5m3bohy1ni4ad2cjveho5gsdi |archive-date=June 27, 2024 |access-date=June 27, 2024 |work=[[Chapman University]]}}</ref> The song features lyrics that mirror the film and Giselle's relationship with Robert, beginning with "You're in my arms/And all the word is gone/The music playing on/for only two/so close together" and ending "...So close, and still/So far..." to indicate that there is still separation between the two, despite how close they've grown.<ref name=":1" /> This last line refers to the characters' close physical proximity to each other but different fates.<ref name=":5" /
== Reception ==
Critical reception towards "So Close" has been generally negative. [[Filmtracks.com]] described the song as "stale".<ref name=":00"/> The ''[[Houston Chronicle]]''<nowiki/>'s Amy Biancolli criticized its slow tempo, writing that "musical nitpickers ... might wish that [the] climactic ballroom 'waltz' had actually been in [[three-four time]]."<ref name=":16">{{Cite web|last=Biancolli|first=Amy|date=November 21, 2007|title=Enchanted|url=http://www.chron.com/entertainment/movies/article/Enchanted-1840618.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903150827/http://www.chron.com/entertainment/movies/article/Enchanted-1840618.php|archive-date=September 3, 2018|access-date=January 29, 2014|website=[[Houston Chronicle]]}}</ref> Golderby writer Andrew Carden dismissed "So Close" as "a real snooze
"So Close" was nominated for an [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]] at the [[80th Academy Awards]] in 2008, in addition to "Happy Working Song" and "That's How You Know" from ''Enchanted''.<ref name=":4" /> "So Close" was the only nominated song from ''Enchanted'' not performed by Adams.<ref name=":18" /> The three songs had collectively sold 177,000 digital downloads prior to the awards ceremony.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-oscars-music/enchanted-tunes-dominate-oscar-contenders-idUSN2252004020080222|title="Enchanted" tunes dominate Oscar contenders|date=February 22, 2008|website=[[Reuters]]|access-date=March 12, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Graff |first=Gary |date=February 21, 2008 |title=And The Best Original Song Oscar Nominees Are... |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1046476/and-the-best-original-song-oscar-nominees-are |
In 2020, Ross Tanenbaum of [[Screen Rant]] ranked "So Close" Disney's fourth most underrated song, describing it as a charming ballad with "good lyrics, an enchanting melody, and a soothing vocal performance."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tanenbaum |first=Ross |date=August 1, 2020 |title=10 Most Underrated Disney Songs |url=https://screenrant.com/disney-most-underrated-songs/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621162602/https://screenrant.com/disney-most-underrated-songs/ |archive-date=June 21, 2023 |access-date=April 12, 2021 |website=[[Screen Rant]]}}</ref> The same publication ranked "So Close" the best song from ''Enchanted.''<ref name=":21
== Live performances and covers ==
McLaughlin performed "So Close" live at the 80th Academy Awards in 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brokaw |first=Joanne |date=September 5, 2008 |title=5 Things You Probably Didn't Know About Jon McLaughlin |url=https://www.beliefnet.com/columnists/gospelsoundcheck/2008/09/5-things-you-probably-didnt-kn.html |
In 2009, Schwartz included the song in his set list for his concert Defying Gravity: The Music of Stephen Schwartz and Friends, in which it was covered by singer Scott Coulter.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Handelman |first=Jay |date=March 1, 2009 |title=Review: Stephen Schwartz defies 'Gravity' in uplifting style |url=https://www.heraldtribune.com/story/news/2009/03/02/review-stephen-schwartz-defies-gravity-in-uplifting-style/28696402007/ |access-date=June 27, 2024 |work=[[Sarasota Herald-Tribune]]}}</ref> Singer [[John Barrowman]] and actress [[Jodie Prenger]] covered the song as a duet for the former's 2010 [[John Barrowman (album)|eponymous studio album]]. Barrowman had met Prenger when she auditioned for the British talent competition ''[[I'd Do Anything (2008 TV series)|I'd Do Anything]]'' in 2008, and asked her to record "So Close" with him in September 2009, to which she immediately agreed.<ref name=":10" /> Prenger was the first artist Barrowman considered for the duet.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/how-we-met-john-barrowman-jodie-prenger-1909509.html|title=How We Met: John Barrowman & Jodie Prenger|last=Jacques|first=Adam|date=February 28, 2010|website=[[The Independent]]|access-date=March 8, 2019}}</ref> Adrian Edwards of [[Bbc.co.uk|BBC]] wrote that their rendition failed to leave "any lasting impression."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/mb6m/|title=John Barrowman John Barrowman Review|last=Edwards|first=Adrian|date=2010|website=[[BBC]]|access-date=March 8, 2019}}</ref>
Japanese singer [[Koda Kumi]] covered the song in 2017 for the Japanese cover album, ''Thank You, Disney''. Like the rest of the songs from the album, she retained the English lyrics, although the musical arrangement became pop and jazz influenced.
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[[Category:2007 songs]]
[[Category:Songs from Enchanted (film)]]
[[Category:Love themes]]
[[Category:Pop ballads]]
[[Category:Songs with music by Alan Menken]]
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