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===Pre-1600===
*[[490 BC]] – [[Battle of Marathon]]: The conventionally accepted date for the Battle of Marathon. The [[Classical Athens|Athenians]] and their [[Plataea]]n allies defeat the [[First Persian invasion of Greece|first Persian invasion force of Greece]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Margiotta |first=Franklin D. |title=Brassey's Encyclopedia of Military History and Biography |place=Washington |publisher=Brassey's |year=1994 |isbn= 978-0-0288-1096-6 |page=386}}</ref>
* [[372]] – [[Sixteen Kingdoms]]: Sima Yao, age 10, succeeds his father [[Emperor Jianwen of Jin|Emperor Jianwen]] as [[Emperor Xiaowu of Jin|Emperor Xiaowu]] of the [[Jin dynasty (
*[[1213]] – [[Albigensian Crusade]]: [[Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester]], defeats [[Peter II of Aragon]] at the [[Battle of Muret]].
*[[1229]] – [[Battle of Portopí]]: The Aragonese army under the command of [[James I of Aragon]] disembarks at [[Santa Ponça]], [[Majorca]], with the purpose of conquering the island.
*[[1297]] – The [[Treaty of Alcañices]], mediated by the pope, between the king [[Denis of Portugal]] and king [[Ferdinand IV of Castile]] defines the border between the two countries and establishes an alliance of friendship.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vann |first1=Theresa M. |editor1-last=Gerli |editor1-first=E. Michael |title=Medieval Iberia: An Encyclopedia |date=4 December 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-77162-0 |pages=48 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=euVJAgAAQBAJ |access-date=30 September 2024 |language=en |chapter=Treaty of Alcañices}}</ref>
*[[1309]] – The [[First
===1601–1900===
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*[[1847]] – [[Mexican–American War]]: the [[Battle of Chapultepec]] begins.
*[[1848]] – A new constitution marks the establishment of [[Switzerland as a federal state]].
*[[1857]] – The {{SS|Central America}} sinks about 160 miles east of [[Cape Hatteras]], [[North Carolina]], drowning a total of 426 passengers and crew, including Captain [[William Lewis Herndon]]. The ship was carrying 13–15 tons of gold from the [[California
*[[1885]] – [[Arbroath 36–0 Bon Accord]], a world record scoreline in professional Association football.
*[[1890]] – [[Harare|Salisbury]], [[Rhodesia]], is founded.
*[[1897]] – [[Tirah
===1901–present===
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*[[1910]] – Premiere performance of [[Gustav Mahler]]'s [[Symphony No. 8 (Mahler)|Symphony No. 8]] in Munich (with a chorus of 852 singers and an orchestra of 171 players. Mahler's rehearsal assistant [[Conductor (music)|conductor]] was [[Bruno Walter]]).
*[[1915]] – French soldiers rescue over 4,000 [[Armenian genocide]] survivors stranded on [[Musa Dagh]].
*[[1923]] – [[Southern Rhodesia]], today called [[Zimbabwe]], is annexed by the
*[[1933]] – [[Leó Szilárd]], waiting for a red light on [[Southampton Row]] in [[Bloomsbury]], conceives the idea of the [[nuclear chain reaction]].
*[[1938]] – [[Adolf Hitler]] demands autonomy and self-determination for the [[Sudeten Germans|Germans]] of the [[Sudetenland]] region of [[First Czechoslovak Republic|Czechoslovakia]].
*[[1940]] – [[Cave painting]]s are discovered in [[Lascaux]], France.
* 1940 – The [[Hercules Powder
*[[1942]] – [[World War II]]: [[RMS Laconia (1921)|RMS ''Laconia'']], carrying civilians, Allied soldiers and Italian [[Prisoner of war|POWs]] is [[Laconia incident|torpedoed]] off the coast of [[West Africa]] and sinks with a heavy loss of life.
* 1942 – World War II: First day of the [[Battle of Edson's Ridge]] during the [[Guadalcanal campaign|Guadalcanal Campaign]]. [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marines]] protecting [[Henderson Field (Guadalcanal)|Henderson Field]] are attacked by [[Imperial Japanese Army]] troops.
*[[1943]] – World War II: Benito Mussolini is [[Gran Sasso raid|rescued from house arrest]] by German commando forces led by [[Otto Skorzeny]].
*[[1944]] – World War II: The [[World War II in Yugoslavia|liberation of Yugoslavia from Axis occupation]] continues. [[Bajina Bašta]] in western Serbia is among the liberated cities.
*[[1953]] – U.S. Senator and future President [[John F. Kennedy|John Fitzgerald Kennedy]] marries [[Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis|Jacqueline Lee Bouvier]] at [[St. Mary's Church
*[[1958]] – [[Jack Kilby]] demonstrates the first working [[integrated circuit]] while working at [[Texas Instruments]].
*[[1959]] – The [[Soviet Union]] launches a large rocket, [[Lunik II]], at the Moon.
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*[[1969]] – [[Philippine Air Lines Flight 158]] crashes in [[Antipolo]], near [[Ninoy Aquino International Airport|Manila International Airport]] in the Philippines, killing 45 people.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident BAC One-Eleven 402AP PI-C1131 Manila International Airport (MNL) |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19690912-0 |access-date=2022-09-11 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
*[[1970]] – [[Dawson's Field hijackings]]: [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]] terrorists blow up three hijacked airliners in [[Zarqa]], [[Jordan]], continuing to hold the passengers hostage in various undisclosed locations in [[Amman]].
*[[1974]] – Emperor [[Haile Selassie]] of [[Ethiopia]], '[[Messiah]]' of the [[Rastafari
*[[1977]] – South African [[Internal resistance to apartheid|anti-apartheid activist]] [[Steve Biko]] dies in police custody.
*[[1980]] – The [[43rd government of Turkey]] is overthrown in a [[1980 Turkish coup d'état|coup d'état]] led by General [[
*[[1983]] – A [[Wells Fargo]] depot in [[West Hartford, Connecticut]], United States, is robbed of approximately US$7 million by [[Los Macheteros]].
* 1983 – The [[Soviet Union|USSR]] vetoes a [[United Nations Security Council]] Resolution deploring the Soviet destruction of [[Korean Air Lines Flight 007]].
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* 2003 – [[Iraq War]]: In [[Fallujah]], U.S. forces mistakenly shoot and kill eight Iraqi police officers.
* 2003 – [[Typhoon Maemi]], the strongest recorded typhoon to strike South Korea, made landfall near [[Busan]].<ref>{{cite report|publisher=[[Japan Meteorological Agency]]|at=8|title=Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo: Typhoon Center 2003|access-date=2013-10-15|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/AnnualReport/2003/Text/Text2003.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213726/http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/AnnualReport/2003/Text/Text2003.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-03|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[2005]] – [[Israeli–Palestinian
*[[2007]] – Former Philippine President [[Joseph Estrada]] is convicted of [[plunder]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Conde |first=Carlos H. |date=September 12, 2007 |title=Philippines Ex-President Convicted |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/12/world/asia/12filip.html |access-date=September 11, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
* 2007 – [[September 2007 Sumatra earthquakes|Two earthquakes measuring 8.4 and 7.9]] on the [[Richter Scale]] hits the [[Indonesia]]n island of [[Sumatra]], killing 25 people and injuring 161.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stefano Lorito, Fabrizio Romano, Alessio Piatanesi, Enzo Boschi|date=2008|title=Source process of the September 12, 2007, MW 8.4 southern Sumatra earthquake from tsunami tide gauge record inversion|journal=Geophysical Research Letters|volume=35 |issue=2 |doi-access=free|doi=10.1029/2007GL032661|bibcode=2008GeoRL..35.2310L }}</ref>
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*[[2011]] – The [[National September 11 Memorial & Museum]] in New York City opens to the public.
*[[2012]] – [[Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Flight 251 (2012)|Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Flight 251]] crashes on approach to [[Palana Airport]], killing 10 and injuring four.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 September 2012 |title=Accident description |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20120912-0 |accessdate=29 January 2019 |website=Aviation Safety Network |publisher=[[Flight Safety Foundation]]}}</ref>
*[[2013]] – [[NASA]] confirms that its [[Voyager 1]] probe has become the first [[Interstellar probe|manmade object to enter interstellar space]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Research
*[[2014]] – [[Synagogue Church building collapse]] saw the deaths of 115 people and several injured, in the Church run by [[Nigeria]]'s, [[T. B. Joshua]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29224936][https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-inquest-church-idUSKCN0PI2KY20150708][https://ewn.co.za/Topic/TB-Joshua-Church-collapse TB Joshua Church collapse]</ref>
*[[2015]] – A series of [[Petlawad explosion|explosions]] involving [[propane]] triggering nearby illegally stored mining detonators in the Indian town of [[Petlawad]] in the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]] kills at least 105 people with over 150 injured.
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==Births==
===Pre-1600===
*[[1415]] – [[John
*[[1494]] – [[Francis I of France]] (d. 1547)<ref>{{cite web |title=Francis I {{!}} king of France |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francis-I-king-of-France |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=31 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1590]] – [[María de Zayas]], Spanish writer (d. 1661)<ref>{{cite book |author=Marina Scordilis Brownlee |title=The Cultural Labyrinth of María de Zayas |place=Philadelphia |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-8122-3537-1 |page=171}}</ref>
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* 1891 – [[Jean-François Martial]], Belgian actor (d. 1977)
* 1891 – [[Arthur Hays Sulzberger]], American publisher (d. 1968)
*[[1892]] – [[Alfred A. Knopf
*[[1894]] – [[Kyuichi Tokuda]], Japanese lawyer and politician (d. 1953)
* 1894 – [[Dorothy Maud Wrinch]], Argentinian-English mathematician, biochemist and philosopher (d. 1976)<ref>{{cite book |last=Ware |first=Susan |title=Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary Completing the Twentieth Century |volume=5 | place=Cambridge Mass. |publisher=Belknap Press |year=2004 |isbn=9780674014886| page=703}}</ref>
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*[[1934]] – [[Glenn Davis (athlete)|Glenn Davis]], American hurdler, sprinter, and football player (d. 2009)
* 1934 – [[Jaegwon Kim]], South Korean-American philosopher and academic (d. 2019)
* 1934 – [[Nellie Wong]], Chinese American poet and activist<ref>{{Cite
*[[1935]] – [[Richard Hunt (sculptor)|Richard Hunt]], American sculptor (d. 2023)
*[[1937]] – [[George Chuvalo]], Canadian boxer
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* 1942 – [[Maria Muldaur]], American folk and blues singer<ref name="AP"></ref>
* 1942 – [[François Tavenas]], Canadian engineer and academic (d. 2004)
*[[1943]] – [[Ralph Neely]], American football player (d. 2022)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hicks |first1=Phil |title=Former Cowboy great Ralph Neely passes away |url=https://tylerpaper.com/sports/former-cowboy-great-ralph-neely-passes-away/article_88400f0c-6f4b-11ec-930c-d770cf4acda6.html |
* 1943 – [[Michael Ondaatje]], Sri Lankan-Canadian author and poet<ref name="UPI"></ref>
*[[1944]] – [[Lonnie Mayne]], American wrestler (d. 1978)
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==Deaths==
===Pre-1600===
* [[640]] – [[Sak
* [[973]] – [[Nefingus]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Angers|Angers]]
*[[1185]] – [[Andronikos I Komnenos]], Byzantine emperor (b. 1118)<ref>{{cite journal | first = Harry J. | last = Magoulias | title = Andronikos I Komnenos: A Greek Tragedy | journal = Byzantina Symmeikta | volume = 21 | year = 2011 | issn = 1791-4884 | pages = 101–136 | doi = 10.12681/byzsym.1032 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
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*[[2018]] – [[Shen Chun-shan]], Taiwanese academic (b. 1932)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news.php?id=113944|title=Ex-Tsing Hua University head die|date=12 Sep 2018|newspaper=The Standard Section News|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref>
*[[2019]] – [[ʻAkilisi Pōhiva]], Tongan politician and activist, [[Prime Minister of Tonga]] (b. 1941)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/pacific/398621/tongan-pm-akilisi-pohiva-dies-aged-78 |title=Tongan PM 'Akilisi Pohiva dies, aged 78 |publisher=RNZ |date=12 September 2019 |access-date=12 September 2019}}</ref>
*[[2024]] – [[Sitaram Yechury]], Indian politician and leader of [[CPI(M)]] (b. 1952)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-12 |title=Sitaram Yechury, CPI(M) general secretary, passes away |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/sitaram-yechury-dead-9563945/ |access-date=2024-09-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
<!-- Do not add people without Wikipedia articles to this list. Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence. Do not trust "this year in history" websites for accurate date information. -->
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* [[National Day of Encouragement]] (United States)
* [[Battle of Saragarhi#Saragarhi Day|Saragarhi Day]] ([[Sikhism]])
* [[UNRIC#UN international days and observances|United Nations Day for
==References==
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