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However, the two authors point out that social media's dominant uses are entertainment, consumerism, and content sharing among friends. Loader and Mercea point out that "individual preferences reveal an unequal spread of social ties with a few giant nodes such as [[Google]], [[Yahoo]], [[Facebook]] and [[YouTube]] attracting the majority of users".<ref>{{Citation | last1 = Loader | first1 = Brian D. | author-link = Brian D. Loader | last2 = Mercea | first2 = Dan | author2-link = Dan Mercea | title = Networking Democracy? Social media innovations and participatory politics | journal = Information, Communication & Society | volume = 14 | issue = 6 | pages = 757–769 | year = 2011 | doi=10.1080/1369118x.2011.592648| s2cid = 145560486 | url = http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/5528/1/Networking%20Democracy%20iCS%20Intro%2014%206%20%28amended%29.pdf | type = Submitted manuscript }}</ref> They also stress that some critics have voiced the concern that there is a lack of seriousness in [[political communication on social media platforms]]. Moreover, lines between professional media coverage and user-generated content would blur on social media.
The authors conclude that social media provides new opportunities for political participation; however, they warn users of the risks of accessing unreliable sources. The Internet impacts the virtual public sphere in many ways, but is not a free utopian platform as some observers argued at the beginning of its history.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fischer |first1=Renate |last2=Jarren |first2=Otfried |title=The platformization of the public sphere and its challenge to democracy |journal=[[Philosophy & Social Criticism]] |date=2024 |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=200–215 |doi=10.1177/01914537231203535 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
===Mediated publicness===
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