Persian language: Difference between revisions

| nativename = {{lang|fa|فارسی}} ({{transl|fa|fārsī}}) {{lang|fa|پارسی}} ({{transl|fa|pārsī}})

'''Persian''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|ɜr|ʒ|ən|,_|-|ʃ|ən}} {{respell|PUR|zhən|,_|-|shən}}), also known by its [[endonym and exonym|endonym]] '''Farsi''' ({{lang|fa|فارسی|{{transl|fa|ALA|Fārsī}}|}} {{IPA|fa|fɒːɾˈsiː||Farsi.ogg}}), historically referred to by the native population as '''Parsi'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Public Services and Procurement Canada |date=2024-09-19 |title=Dari, Farsi, Parsi, Persian – Writing Tips Plus – Writing Tools – Resources of the Language Portal of Canada – Canada.ca |url=https://www.noslangues-ourlanguages.gc.ca/en/writing-tips-plus/dari-farsi-parsi-persian |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=www.noslangues-ourlanguages.gc.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Which one: Persian, Farsi or Pars |url=http://www.iiauets.blogfa.com/post/73 |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=مترجمی زبان انگلیسی |language=fa}}</ref>, is a [[Western Iranian languages|Western Iranian language]] belonging to the [[Iranian languages|Iranian branch]] of the [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian subdivision]] of the [[Indo-European languages]]. Persian is a [[pluricentric language]] predominantly spoken and used officially within [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]], and [[Tajikistan]] in three [[mutual intelligibility|mutually intelligible]] [[standard language|standard varieties]], respectively [[Iranian Persian]] (officially known as ''Persian''),<ref>{{cite web |title=Persian, Iranian |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/pes |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105062922/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/pes |archive-date=5 January 2022 |access-date=25 February 2021 |work=Ethnologue}}</ref><ref name="ISO">{{cite web |url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/fas |title=639 Identifier Documentation: fas |publisher=Sil.org |access-date=25 February 2021 |archive-date=16 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216202338/https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/fas |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran |url=https://en.parliran.ir/eng/en/Constitution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027004409/https://en.parliran.ir/eng/en/Constitution |archive-date=27 October 2016 |access-date=18 January 2022 |website=Islamic Parliament of Iran}}</ref> [[Dari|Dari Persian]] (officially known as ''Dari'' since 1964),<ref name="Olesen">{{cite book |first=Asta |last=Olesen |title=Islam and Politics in Afghanistan |volume=3 |publisher=Psychology Press |year=1995 |page=205 |quote=There began a general promotion of the Pashto language at the expense of Farsi – previously dominant in the educational and administrative system (...) — and the term 'Dari' for the Afghan version of Farsi came into common use, being officially adopted in 1958.}}</ref> and [[Tajik language|Tajiki Persian]] (officially known as ''Tajik'' since 1999).<ref name=siddikzoda2002>Siddikzoda, S. "Tajik Language: Farsi or not Farsi?" in ''Media Insight Central Asia #27'', August 2002.</ref><ref name="Baker">{{cite book |last=Baker |first=Mona |title=Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewBfSBo8rRsC |year=2001 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-25517-2 |page=518 |quote=All this affected translation activities in Persian, seriously undermining the international character of the language. The problem was compounded in modern times by several factors, among them the realignment of Central Asian Persian, renamed Tajiki by the Soviet Union, with Uzbek and Russian languages, as well as the emergence of a language reform movement in Iran which paid no attention to the consequences of its pronouncements and actions for the language as a whole. |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002103438/https://books.google.com/books?id=ewBfSBo8rRsC |url-status=live}}</ref> It is also spoken natively in the Tajik variety by a significant population within [[Uzbekistan]],<ref>{{cite journal |first=Richard |last=Foltz |title=The Tajiks of Uzbekistan |journal=Central Asian Survey |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=213–216 |year=1996 |doi=10.1080/02634939608400946|issn = 0263-4937 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Lena |last=Jonson |year=2006 |title=Tajikistan in the new Central Asia |page=108}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Cordell |first=Karl |url=https://archive.org/details/ethnicitydemocra0000unse_y7f7 |title=Ethnicity and Democratisation in the New Europe |publisher=Routledge |year=1998 |isbn=0415173124 |page=201 |quote=Consequently the number of citizens who regard themselves as Tajiks is difficult to determine. Tajiks within and outside of the republic, Samarkand State University (SamGU) academics and international commentators suggest that there may be between six and seven million Tajiks in Uzbekistan, constituting 30 per cent of the republic's twenty-two million population, rather than the official figure of 4.7 per cent (Foltz 1996:213; Carlisle 1995:88).}}</ref> as well as within other regions with a [[Persianate society|Persianate]] history in the cultural sphere of [[Greater Iran]]. It is written officially within Iran and Afghanistan in the [[Persian alphabet]], a derivative of the [[Arabic script]], and within Tajikistan in the [[Tajik alphabet]], a derivative of the [[Cyrillic script]].