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| term_end2 = 16 December 1919
| primeminister2 = [[Alexandru Vaida-Voevod]]
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 = [[Ion Borcea]]
| term_start3 = 13 June 1920
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| primeminister3 = [[Alexandru Averescu]]
| predecessor3 = [[Ion Borcea]]
| successor3 =
| order4 = Co-Leader of the [[National Christian Party]]
| alongside4 = [[A. C. Cuza]] & [[Nichifor Crainic]]
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| successor5 = ''Himself'' (party merged into the [[National Christian Party]])
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1881|04|01}}
| birth_place = [[Rășinari|Resinár]], [[Austria-Hungary]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1938|05|07|1881|04|01}}
| death_place = [[Ciucea]], [[Cluj County]], [[Kingdom of Romania]]
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{{Antisemitism sidebar}}
'''Octavian Goga''' ({{IPA
== Biography ==
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In 1890 the poet enrolled at the state high school in [[Sibiu]] (today the [[Gheorghe Lazăr National College (Sibiu)|Gheorghe Lazăr National College]]), which he attended until 1899, when he transferred to the Romanian high school in [[Brașov]] (today the [[Andrei Șaguna National College (Brașov)|Andrei Șaguna National College]]). After graduating from high school in 1900, he enrolled at the Faculty of Letters and Philosophy of the [[University of Budapest]], continuing his studies in [[Berlin]] and completing them in 1904.
On 14 October 1906 he married Hortensia Cosma, the youngest daughter of the politician and banker Partenie Cosma, director of the
Goga was a member of the {{ill|Romanian National Committee (1918)|lt=Romanian National Committee|ro|Comitetul Național Român (1918)}} in [[Paris]].
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Goga entered literary publishing with recommendations from [[Ilarie Chendi]], [[Sextil Pușcariu]], [[Nicolae Iorga]], [[Ion Gorun]], [[Vasile Goldiș]], and [[Eugen Lovinescu]].
In 1905 the volume ''Poezii'' appeared in [[Budapest]], reprinted by the publishing house "Minerva" in [[Bucharest]] in 1907. and in [[Sibiu]] in 1910. After this editorial debut, which became a ''true literary event'', the poet became increasingly in the public consciousness. The [[Literary criticism|literary critic]]
After the review in ''Revista Familia'' , [[Iosif Vulcan]] returns, on the occasion of the publication of the poem ''[[wikisource:This is how it was to be|Așa a fost să fie]]'', with the appreciation that Goga is "an original talent inspired only by the soul of the people", and the poem, "a literary event".<ref>Revista Familia year XXXV, no. 44, 1–13 November 1898, p. 523</ref> The volume ''Poems'' was enthusiastically received by critics and writers.
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=== Playwright activity ===
Although few in number, uneven and below the level of his poetic achievements, Goga's drama, especially through ''[[:ro:Domnul notar|Domnul notar]]'', (published by the Institute of Graphic Arts in [[Bucharest]]), was a landmark that was followed later.<ref>{{Cite book
With ''Meșterul Manole'', performed in 1927 and published in 1928, Goga attempted to adapt the old myth to [[psychological drama]], artistically rehabilitating the old plot of conjugal time by developing and examining erotic motivations. The main character was an artist, cynical, charming, an inveterate traveller, a great lover of passing erotic experiences.
Goga also left, as a draft, two one-act plays (''Sonata lunei'' and ''Lupul''), the sketch ''Fruntașul'', a dialogue article from 1911 and the translation of [[Imre Madách]]'s ''
=== Translator activity ===
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According to historian Ilarion Țiu, in the 1920s Goga was a supporter of [[parliamentary democracy]], but after 1930 his views changed radically, sympathizing with [[Italian fascism]] and [[German Nazism]]. He was one of the leaders of the [[Romanian nationalism|Romanian nationalist movement]].<ref>Țiu, Ilarion: ''Octavian Goga'', op. cit.</ref>
{{Blockquote|text=...The Prime Minister appointed by King Carol'' (II), ''the liberal [[Gheorghe Tătărescu]], ... fails to win the elections (obtaining only 36% of the votes instead of the 40 percent required - by law - to hold a majority in Parliament). ...This electoral failure was due in part to a "non-aggression pact between Iuliu Maniu's nationalist peasants and the "All for the Country" party (the Legion's electoral label)...The King brought to the government two leaders of small far-right parties: the poet Octavian Goga and Professor A. C. Cuza, head of a party focused exclusively on anti-Semitism.|author=[[Neagu Djuvara]]<ref>Djuvara, Neagu: ''O scurtă istorie a românilor povestită celor tineri'', p. 242, Ed. Humanitas, 11th edition, 2010.</ref>}}
In 1926 together with [[Vasile Goldiș]], [[Ioan Lupaș]], and Silviu Dragomir, Octavian Goga left the [[Romanian National Party]] and joined General [[Alexandru Averescu]]'s [[People's Party (interwar Romania)|People's Party]] (PP), a [[populism|populist]] movement created upon the war's end. Interestingly, Goga, Goldiș, Lupaș, and Dragomir were all Orthodox, whereas the PNR leader [[Iuliu Maniu]] and other remaining members of the PNR were [[Greek Catholic Church|Greek-Catholic]]. Goga clashed with Averescu over the latter's conflict with [[King of Romania|King]] [[Carol II of Romania|Carol II]].{{cn|date=March 2024}} Together with Goldiș, Lupaș, and Dragomir, Goga founded the [[National Agrarian Party (Romania)|National Agrarian Party]] on April 10, 1932.
The government chaired by Goga (28 December 1937 – 10 February 1938) and dismissed after 44 days, was created by the [[National Christian Party]] resulting from the merger on 14 July 1935 in Iași of the [[National-Christian Defense League|National Christian Defence League]] (led by [[Alexandru C. Cuza]]) and the [[National Agrarian Party]] (led by Goga).<ref>Pop, Gheorghe T.: Caracterul antinațional și antipopular al activității Partidului Național Creștin, [[Editura Dacia|Dacia Publishing House]], Cluj-Napoca, 1978</ref>
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== Election to the Romanian Academy ==
With the award of the
In 1920, Goga was elected a member of the academy, his acceptance speech being entitled [[George Coșbuc]]. In 1924, the poet received the National Poetry Prize and the [[Mihail Sadoveanu]] Prize for prose.
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In press interviews at the time Goga said the following:
{{blockquote|For us there is only one final solution of the Jewish problem—the collection of all Jews into a region that is still uninhabited, and the foundation there of a Jewish nation. And the further away the better.||1938 interview<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Argus|date= 24 January 1938|url= http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11142768|title=Jews Spurned in Rumania|agency=Independent Cable Service|page=9}}</ref>}}
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[[Category:National Agrarian Party politicians]]
[[Category:National Christian Party politicians]]
[[Category:Prime
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[[Category:Leaders of political parties in Romania]]
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[[Category:Romanian male poets]]
[[Category:Romanian translators]]
[[Category:
[[Category:20th-century Romanian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Romanian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Romanian male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Romanian translators]]
[[Category:20th-century Romanian journalists]]
[[Category:Leaders ousted by a coup]]
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