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The '''Northern line extension to Battersea''' is an extension of the [[London Underground]] from {{stl|LUL|Kennington}} to [[Battersea]] in [[South West (London sub region)|South West London]], terminating at the redeveloped [[Battersea Power Station]]. The extension formed a continuation of the [[Northern line]]'s {{stl|LUL|Charing Cross}} branch. Costructionand beganwas inbuilt 2015,beginning andin the2015; lineit opened in 2021.
Two new underground stations were built: [[Nine Elms tube station|Nine Elms]] and terminus [[Battersea Power Station tube station|Battersea Power Station]]. Both stations are in [[Travelcard Zone 1]]. Provision was made for a future extension to [[Clapham Junction railway station|Clapham Junction]]. Since the closure of the Battersea Power Station in the 1980s, a number ofmultiple attempts were made to redevelop the area. In the mid 2000s, Irish property developers proposed extending the Northern line to serve the power station site, to improve connectivity and encouraespur development. After the [[Great Recession|financial crisis]] of the late 2000s, and the collapse of the [[Irish property bubble]] in the late 2000s, the Battersea Power Station site was bought by Malaysian investors, who subsequently contributed around £260m towards the construction of the Underground extension.
Construction of the rail extension took six years and cost £1.1{{nbsp}}billion, which was (under budget by £160{{nbsp}}million.) Whenand the lineextension opened on 20 September 2021,. itIt was the first major extension of the Underground since the [[Jubilee Line Extension]] in 1999. It was funded by the private sector, including the developers of Battersea Power Station, with contributions from other developersdevelopments across the Vauxhall, Nine Elms and Battersea area. The construction of the extension was also supported by local councils, property developers and local residents. However, the subsequent development in the [[Vauxhall]], [[Nine Elms]] and Battersea areas has been criticised for [[gentrification]], particularly theand low levels of affordable housing.
==Background==
{{Further|Battersea Power Station}}
[[File:Battersea_Power_Station_in_London.jpg|thumb|Battersea Power Station]]
[[Battersea Power Station]] was a [[Fossil fuel power plant|coal-fired power station]] on the south bank of the [[River Thames]] in [[Nine Elms]], [[Battersea]]. Built in two stages as a single building in the 1930s and 1950s, the power station closed in 1983. It is a Grade II* [[listed building]], owing to its size, [[Art Deco]] interior fittings and decor, and design by architect [[Giles Gilbert Scott]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007 |title=BATTERSEA POWER STATION, Non Civil Parish – 1357620 |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1357620 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909142637/https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1357620 |archive-date=9 September 2021 |access-date=9 September 2021 |website=[[Historic England]] |language=en}}</ref>
The first major proposal to develop the site in the mid 1980s,by thewas ownersfor ofan [[Altonindoor Towerstheme park]], wasby forthe anowners of [[indoorAlton theme parkTowers]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Harrad |first=Tom |date=7 April 2016 |title=How Battersea Power Station Almost Became London's Very Own Alton Towers |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/bnkpj5/battersea-power-station-theme-park |url-status=live |access-date=9 September 2021 |website=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]] |archive-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909142637/https://www.vice.com/en/article/bnkpj5/battersea-power-station-theme-park}}</ref> The theme park proposal included the "'Battersea Bullet"', a dedicated [[British Rail]] shuttle train from [[London Victoria station]] to the theme park.<ref name=":0" /> Owing to the [[early 1990s recession]], the project was cancelled.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Watts |first=Peter |title=Up in smoke: the failed dreams of Battersea Power Station |date=2016 |publisher=Paradise Road |isbn=978-0-9935702-0-9 |location=Richmond |oclc=948340667}}</ref> As the site passed through several different owners, thereThere were various other development proposals, including offices, a shopping centre and a new football stadium for [[Chelsea FC]]. However, as the site passed through several different owners. However, it remained undeveloped for over 30{{nbsp}}years. The power station building was added to the [[Heritage at Risk Register]] in 1991, and the [[World Monuments Fund]] watch list in 2004.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=February 2019|title=Battersea Power Station|url=https://www.wmf.org/project/battersea-power-station|url-status=live|access-date=14 September 2021|website=World Monuments Fund|language=en|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518192027/https://www.wmf.org/project/battersea-power-station}}</ref>
=== Northern line ===
The [[Northern line]] had beenwas last extended into [[South London]] in 1926, as part of an extension to [[Morden tube station|Morden]]. In the 1980s, a southern extension of the Northern line to [[Peckham]] was proposed, as part of a review of potential extensions of Underground lines,. but theThe proposal was not implemented.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1988 |title=Strategic Review 1988 – New Lines and Extensions – Northern Line Southern Extension |url=https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/244458/response/618034/attach/5/LUL%20Strategic%20Review%201988%20New%20lines%20and%20extensions%20Northern%20Line.pdf?cookie_passthrough=1 |url-status=live |website=What Do They Know |publisher=London Underground |access-date=9 September 2021 |archive-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909142639/https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/244458/response/618034/attach/5/LUL%20Strategic%20Review%201988%20New%20lines%20and%20extensions%20Northern%20Line.pdf?cookie_passthrough=1}}</ref>
Throughout the 2000s, no plans were considered for extending the Northern line, becauseas the [[History of the London Underground#Public–private partnership|Public Private Partnership]] (PPP) contracts to upgrade the Underground did not include provision for line extensions within the PPP contracts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 January 2003 |title=Details of Tube modernisation plans unveiled |url=http://www.tubelines.com/news/releases/200602/20030108.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519094016/http://www.tubelines.com/news/releases/200602/20030108.aspx |archive-date=19 May 2006 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=Tube Lines}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Shawcross |first1=Valerie |last2=Livingstone |first2=Ken |date=7 March 2005 |title=Transport Plan – Southward Extensions |url=https://www.london.gov.uk/questions/2005/0820 |url-status=live|access-date=29 March 2021 |website=Mayor's Question Time |archive-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909142647/https://www.london.gov.uk/questions/2005/0820}}</ref> Instead, the Northern line was to be upgraded with new signalling, and it was proposed to be split it into two separate lines by the mid 2020s, following the completion of expansion work at [[Camden Town tube station]].<ref name=":43">{{Cite CiteSeerX |date=November 2006|title=Transport 2025: Transport vision for a growing world city |citeseerx=10.1.1.135.5972|quote=A segregation of services would deliver simpler service patterns on the line. This will allow more trains to be run through both the West End and City branches – enabling 30tph services on the central London branches. This will provide roughly 25 per cent extra capacity and crowding relief on these busy sections. With the core infrastructure being capable of supporting these service patterns, the main requirements are some additional trains (and stabling) and station capacity improvements at Camden Town.}}</ref> Extensions of the Underground were being considered elsewhere in London, including a [[Bakerloo line extension|proposed extension of the Bakerloo line]] into south- east London.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 2007|title=Underground 2025 – South London Corridor Report January 2007|url=https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/244458/response/618034/attach/7/U2025%20SOUTH%20LONDON%20REPORT%20JANUARY%202007.pdf?cookie_passthrough=1|url-status=live|access-date=9 September 2021|website=What Do They Know|publisher=London Underground Limited Strategy and Service Development|archive-date=9 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909142648/https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/244458/response/618034/attach/7/U2025%20SOUTH%20LONDON%20REPORT%20JANUARY%202007.pdf?cookie_passthrough=1}}</ref>
== History ==
==== Mid 2000s ====
[[File:Nine Elms Battersea regeneration site.jpg|thumb|View over the Vauxhall Nine Elms Battersea regeneration area, looking towards Battersea Power Station]]
In 2006, Irish property developers , Real Estates Opportunities (REO) and [[Treasury Holdings]] , purchased the Battersea Power Station site from Hong Kong property developer , [[Hong Kong Parkview Group#Battersea Power Station|Parkview International]] , for £400{{nbsp}}million.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 November 2006 |title=Iconic landmark is sold for £400m |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/6160773.stm |access-date=9 September 2021 |archive-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909142637/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/6160773.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2007, they abandoned the previously approved proposal for redeveloping the site, and appointed [[Rafael Viñoly]] to design a new masterplan for the site.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Westbrook |first=Andrew |date=5 April 2007 |title=Back To Square One For Power Station |url=http://www.wandsworthguardian.co.uk/news/topstories/display.var.1312060.0.back_to_square_one_for_power_station.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526004550/http://www.wandsworthguardian.co.uk:80/news/topstories/display.var.1312060.0.back_to_square_one_for_power_station.php |archive-date=26 May 2008 |access-date=9 September 2021 |website=Wandsworth Guardian}}</ref> Transport consultants assessed what improvements to public transport were required to allow the site to be viably developed. Replacing the previously proposed plan to upgrade [[Battersea Park railway station|Battersea Park station]] at a cost of £26{{nbsp}}million,<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2006 |title= £26m to be spend [sic] on Battersea Park station |url=http://icsouthlondon.icnetwork.co.uk/0100news/0550wandsworth/tm_objectid=16754466&method=full&siteid=50100&headline=-26m-to-be-spend-on-battersea-park-station-name_page.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060306065328/http://icsouthlondon.icnetwork.co.uk/0100news/0550wandsworth/tm_objectid=16754466&method=full&siteid=50100&headline=-26m-to-be-spend-on-battersea-park-station-name_page.html |archive-date=6 March 2006 |access-date=13 September 2021 |website=icSouthlondon |publisher= Trinity Mirror}}</ref> a privately funded extension of the Northern line was proposed to serve the Battersea Power Station site.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Battersea Power Station |url=http://www2.battersea-powerstation.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127194322/http://www.battersea-powerstation.com/ |archive-date=27 November 2010 |access-date=9 September 2021 |publisher=Battersea Power Station |quote=Privately funded and subject to permissions, the new tube extension could be operating by 2016.}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=April 2013 |title=London Underground (Northern Line Extension) Order SUPPORTING STATEMENT |url=https://content.tfl.gov.uk/nle-twa-twa-supporting-statement-a6.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=9 September 2021 |publisher=Transport for London |pages=5–9 |archive-date=3 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103021531/https://content.tfl.gov.uk/nle-twa-twa-supporting-statement-a6.pdf }}</ref> ▼
▲In 2006, Irish property developers, Real Estates Opportunities (REO) and [[Treasury Holdings]], purchased the Battersea Power Station site from Hong Kong property developer, [[Hong Kong Parkview Group#Battersea Power Station|Parkview International]], for £400{{nbsp}}million.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 November 2006 |title=Iconic landmark is sold for £400m |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/6160773.stm |access-date=9 September 2021 |archive-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909142637/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/6160773.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2007, they abandoned the previously approved proposal for redeveloping the site, and appointed [[Rafael Viñoly]] to design a new masterplan for the site.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Westbrook |first=Andrew |date=5 April 2007 |title=Back To Square One For Power Station |url=http://www.wandsworthguardian.co.uk/news/topstories/display.var.1312060.0.back_to_square_one_for_power_station.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526004550/http://www.wandsworthguardian.co.uk:80/news/topstories/display.var.1312060.0.back_to_square_one_for_power_station.php |archive-date=26 May 2008 |access-date=9 September 2021 |website=Wandsworth Guardian}}</ref> Transport consultants assessed what improvements to public transport were required to allow the site to be viably developed. Replacing the previously proposed plan to upgrade [[Battersea Park railway station|Battersea Park station]] at a cost of £26{{nbsp}}million,<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2006 |title= £26m to be spend [sic] on Battersea Park station |url=http://icsouthlondon.icnetwork.co.uk/0100news/0550wandsworth/tm_objectid=16754466&method=full&siteid=50100&headline=-26m-to-be-spend-on-battersea-park-station-name_page.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060306065328/http://icsouthlondon.icnetwork.co.uk/0100news/0550wandsworth/tm_objectid=16754466&method=full&siteid=50100&headline=-26m-to-be-spend-on-battersea-park-station-name_page.html |archive-date=6 March 2006 |access-date=13 September 2021 |website=icSouthlondon |publisher= Trinity Mirror}}</ref> a privately funded extension of the Northern line was proposed to serve the Battersea Power Station site.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Battersea Power Station |url=http://www2.battersea-powerstation.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127194322/http://www.battersea-powerstation.com/ |archive-date=27 November 2010 |access-date=9 September 2021 |publisher=Battersea Power Station |quote=Privately funded and subject to permissions, the new tube extension could be operating by 2016.}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=April 2013 |title=London Underground (Northern Line Extension) Order SUPPORTING STATEMENT |url=https://content.tfl.gov.uk/nle-twa-twa-supporting-statement-a6.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=9 September 2021 |publisher=Transport for London |pages=5–9 |archive-date=3 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103021531/https://content.tfl.gov.uk/nle-twa-twa-supporting-statement-a6.pdf }}</ref>
In June 2008, REO and Treasury Holdings announced their plans for the site. Their masterplan proposed refurbishing the power station to include office and retail space, 3,200 new homes and a [[biomass]] power station. They announced that they were in discussions with [[Transport for London]] (TfL) regarding an extension of the Northern line to serve the site.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Booth |first=Robert |date=20 June 2008 |title=Latest plans for Battersea power station revealed |website=The Guardian |location=London |url=http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2008/jun/20/art.architecture |url-status=live |access-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909142641/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2008/jun/20/art.architecture |archive-date=9 September 2021 |quote=Now the developer is in talks with Transport for London about funding an extension of the Northern Line to the site at a cost of £346m. It would be largely funded by Treasury Holdings as part of any planning deal.}}</ref> The developer noted that Vauxhall is the closest Underground station to the site, and claimed that the station and the [[Victoria line]] were already at capacity.<ref name=":3">{{Cite press release |date=20 June 2008 |title=Battersea Power Station is Reborn |url=http://www.batterseapowerstation.org.uk/news/reo_20.06.08/reo_news_release_08.06.08.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090920105506/http://www.batterseapowerstation.org.uk/news/reo_20.06.08/reo_news_release_08.06.08.pdf |archive-date=20 September 2009 |access-date= 9 September 2021 |publisher= Battersea Power Station}}</ref>
===== Initial route consultation (2010) =====
In April 2010, London [[Mayor of Londo]], [[Boris Johnson]], published the Mayor's Transport Strategy (MTS), which outlined the Mayor's plans for public transport in the capital.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2015 |title=Mayor's Transport Strategy 2010 |url=https://www.london.gov.uk//what-we-do/transport/transport-publications/mayors-transport-strategy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430022032/https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/transport/transport-publications/mayors-transport-strategy |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=31 March 2021 |website=[[Greater London Authority]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> This specifically supported a privately funded extension of the Northern line to Battersea, to assist with regeneration of the Vauxhall, Nine Elms and Battersea areas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2010 |title=Mayor's Transport Strategy – Chapter five – Transport proposals |url=https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/mts_chapter_5_pt1_0.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817073212/https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/mts_chapter_5_pt1_0.pdf |archive-date=17 August 2021 |access-date=9 September 2021 |website=[[Greater London Authority]] |page=139}}</ref>
In May of that year, REO and Treasury Holdings launched a consultation into the extension of the Northern line to Battersea.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=May 2010 |title=Proposals for a Northern Line extension to Nine Elms and Battersea |url=http://www.dragondark.co.uk/lr/leafletcampaign.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729231337/http://www.dragondark.co.uk/lr/leafletcampaign.pdf |archive-date=29 July 2017 |access-date=9 September 2021 |publisher=Real Estate Opportunities and [[Treasury Holdings]]}}</ref> As well as increasing the accessibility of their site, the developers noted that the extension would relieve pressure on Vauxhall station, and serve redevelopment sites in the area including the new US Embassy and [[New Covent Garden Market]].'''<ref name=":6" />''' The consultation noted construction could be completed by 2016.<ref name=":6" /> Four options were included in the consultation, all extensions of the Northern line from Kennington to Battersea.<ref name=":6" />
* Option 1 - no intermediate stations, providing the fastest journey time to Battersea with the lowest cost. However, the route would not serve Nine Elms or other areas.
By November 2010, planning permission for the Battersea Power Station project had been granted by [[Wandsworth Council]], with £203{{nbsp}}million pledged by the developers towards a future extension of the Northern line.<ref name="wandsworth.gov.uk">{{cite press release|url=http://www.wandsworth.gov.uk/news/article/10136/battersea_power_station_scheme_approved|title=Battersea Power Station scheme approved|publisher=Wandsworth Council|date=11 November 2010|access-date=9 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014095827/http://www.wandsworth.gov.uk/news/article/10136/battersea_power_station_scheme_approved|archive-date=14 October 2013|quote=Before work begins Treasury Holdings will sign a legal agreement pledging more than £211m to improving local infrastructure and community services. Around £203m of this would go towards extending the Northern Line.}}</ref>'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kollewe |first=Julia |date=12 November 2010 |title=Battersea power station revamp gets go-ahead |url=http://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/nov/12/battersea-power-station-redevelopment-approved |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909151133/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/nov/12/battersea-power-station-redevelopment-approved |archive-date=9 September 2021 |access-date=9 September 2021 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref>''' At the end of the year, the scheme was approved by the Mayor of London.<ref>{{cite news|date=22 December 2010|title=Mayor approves £5.5bn Battersea Power Station revamp|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-12063517|access-date=20 June 2018|archive-date=30 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130141134/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-12063517|url-status=live}}</ref>
Noting the difficult economic state of the UK due to the 2008 financial crisis, the GLA advised landowners, developers and local council leaders in November 2010 that the extension would be mostly privately funded via developers' contributions, costing the extension at £560{{nbsp}}million.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.wandsworth.gov.uk/news/article/10120/study_shows_nine_elms_tube_link_viable|title=Study shows Nine Elms tube link viable|publisher=Wandsworth Council|date=5 November 2010|access-date=9 November 2010|archive-date=13 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213035716/http://www.wandsworth.gov.uk/news/article/10120/study_shows_nine_elms_tube_link_viable|url-status=live}}</ref>'''<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 2010|title=Northern Line Extension (NLE) Briefing Note 2 (September 2010)|url=http://www2.battersea-powerstation.com/pdfs/NLE_briefing_note_sept_2010.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222012349/http://www2.battersea-powerstation.com/pdfs/NLE_briefing_note_sept_2010.pdf|archive-date=22 February 2011|access-date=9 September 2021|website=Battersea Power Station}}</ref>''' Options for funding the extension included direct developer contributions (such as from the Battersea Power Station developers), redirection of the Crossrail [[Community Infrastructure Levy|Mayoral Community Infrastructure Levy]] in the local area to the project, and [[Tax increment financing]].<ref>{{cite news|date=29 October 2009|title=Boris: Nine Elms developers won't pay Crossrail levy|work=Architects' Journal|url=http://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/daily-news/boris-nine-elms-developers-wont-pay-crossrail-levy/5210159.article|access-date=5 January 2012|archive-date=6 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106172101/http://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/daily-news/boris-nine-elms-developers-wont-pay-crossrail-levy/5210159.article|url-status=live}}</ref>
===== Preferred route consultation (2011) =====
[[File:London Underground Northern line extension map.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|Route of the Northern line extension]]
In May 2011, the preferred route of the extension was announced,<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 August 2011|title=Northern Line Extension to Nine Elms & Battersea – Home|url=http://northernlineextension.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823095911/http://northernlineextension.com/|archive-date=23 August 2011|access-date=9 September 2021|website=Northern Line Extension}}</ref> using the previously proposed Option 2 via Nine Elms.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=May 2011 |title=Extension of the Northern line to Nine Elms and Battersea |url=http://northernlineextension.com/media/5087/nle_consultation_leaflet_d11_pages_lr.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823101112/http://northernlineextension.com/media/5087/nle_consultation_leaflet_d11_pages_lr.pdf |archive-date=23 August 2011 |access-date=9 September 2021 |website=Northern Line Extension |quote=In stage 1 of the consultation, we were told that the route via south Nine Elms was the preferred option}}</ref> The Nine Elms station was proposed to be located adjacent to Wandsworth Road and a [[Sainsbury's]] supermarket, south of the [[Nine Elms to Waterloo Viaduct|South West Main Line viaduct]]. The Battersea station was proposed to be located to the south of the Battersea Power Station development site, adjacent to Battersea Park Road.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2011 |title=Extension of the Northern line to Nine Elms and Battersea |url=http://northernlineextension.com/media/5087/nle_consultation_leaflet_d11_pages_lr.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823101112/http://northernlineextension.com/media/5087/nle_consultation_leaflet_d11_pages_lr.pdf |archive-date=23 August 2011 |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=Northern Line Extension |quote=Two ventilation shafts are also required: one in the vicinity of Kennington Green and one around Kennington Park.}}</ref>
Following criticism by local residents during the consultation periodby local residents that route options were not considered, the consultation was extended until August 2011 so that the public could comment on the previously proposed route options.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=June 2011 |title=Proposed Extension of the Northern line to Nine Elms and Battersea Public Consultation May–June 2011 – Update |url=http://northernlineextension.com/media/6789/nle_route_options_lr_pages.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823101028/http://northernlineextension.com/media/6789/nle_route_options_lr_pages.pdf |archive-date=23 August 2011 |access-date=9 September 2021 |website=Northern Line Extension |quote=Route 2 is currently the preferred option because it offers the most benefits, however, no formal decision on this has yet been taken and your views will be considered}}</ref> However, Option 2 remained the preferred oneoption.<ref name=":8" /> As a result ofFollowing feedback during consultation, the project would ensure that ana future extension to Clapham Junction station could be built in the future.<ref name=":34">{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Northern line extension Factsheet 8: Previous consultation on the Northern line extension (NLE) and our response to issues raised |url=https://consultations.tfl.gov.uk/tube/nle/supporting_documents/Factsheet8.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=9 September 2021 |website=Transport for London |quote=Consultation responses raised some interest in the possibility of the Northern line being extended beyond Battersea as far as Clapham Junction. The proposals allow for the potential for a future extension beyond Battersea. |archive-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909230032/https://consultations.tfl.gov.uk/tube/nle/supporting_documents/Factsheet8.pdf}}</ref> The consultation noted that the extension could open by 2017, pending potential delays.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2011 |title=Extension of the Northern line to Nine Elms and Battersea |url=http://northernlineextension.com/media/5087/nle_consultation_leaflet_d11_pages_lr.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823101112/http://northernlineextension.com/media/5087/nle_consultation_leaflet_d11_pages_lr.pdf |archive-date=23 August 2011 |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=Northern Line Extension |quote=This means that the new stations at Nine Elms and Battersea could be open in 2017.}}</ref>
In October 2011, a report commissioned by [[Wandsworth London Borough Council|Wandsworth Borough Council]] notedshowed that the proposed extension had a positive [[business case]], with the potential of delivering up to £4.5{{nbsp}}billion in tax receipts across the area.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rosewell |first=Bridget |date=October 2011 |title=The Wider Economic Benefits of VNEB Regeneration - Interim Report|url=https://volterra.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/NLE-Report-October-2011.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=10 September 2021 |website=Volterra |archive-date=19 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919014545/https://volterra.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/NLE-Report-October-2011.pdf}}</ref> In November 2011, [[Chancellor of the Exchequer|Chancellor]] [[George Osborne]] announced that the UK Government would financially support the extension of the Northern line to Battersea, with the potential creation of an [[Enterprise Zone]] in the surrounding area.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 November 2011 |title=Northern Line: Government backs Tube extension plan |language=en-GB|work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-15937031 |access-date=9 September 2021 |archive-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909142646/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-15937031 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last1=Odell |first1=Mark |last2=Pickford |first2=James |date=4 December 2012 |title=Plan to break Battersea transport deadlock |url=https://www.ft.com/content/635051a8-3e3f-11e2-91cb-00144feabdc0 |url-status=live |access-date=9 September 2021 |website=[[Financial Times]] |archive-date=9 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909142640/https://www.ft.com/content/635051a8-3e3f-11e2-91cb-00144feabdc0}}</ref>
===== Power Station developer into administration (2011) =====
In December 2011, Treasury Holdings went into administration, after failing to repay debts of £340{{nbsp}}million to [[Lloyds Banking Group]] and [[Ireland|Ireland's]] [[National Asset Management Agency]] (NAMA).'''<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Kollewe |first=Julia |date=20 December 2011 |title=Irish property developers' grand vision for Battersea power station left in ruins |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |url=http://www.theguardian.com/business/2011/dec/20/irish-property-developers-battersea-power-station |url-status=live |access-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027191514/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2011/dec/20/irish-property-developers-battersea-power-station |archive-date=27 October 2021}}</ref>'''<ref>{{Cite news |last1=O'Carroll |first1=Lisa |last2=Moya |first2=Elena |date=21 December 2010 |title=Ireland's 'bad bank' NAMA becomes one of world's biggest property lenders |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |url=http://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/dec/20/ireland-nama-banks-property-loans |url-status=live |access-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415143335/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/dec/20/ireland-nama-banks-property-loans |archive-date=15 April 2021}}</ref> Due to the financial crisis and the collapse of the Irish property bubble, REO and Treasury Holdings had not been able to find an investor to allow them to proceed with the development. REO had been criticised by investors and potential partners for itstheir high levels of debt, as well as itstheir "overly litigious" approach to business.'''<ref name=":5" />''' For the first time in its history, the power station site was put up for sale on the open market. As part of the sale, the £200{{nbsp}}million contribution to the Northern line extension remained, as well as the approved planning permission.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Prynn |first1=Jonathan |last2=Cecil |first2=Nicholas |last3=Bar-Hillel |first3=Mira |date=10 April 2012 |title=New Sale: Battersea power station |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/new-sale-battersea-power-station-7496801.html |url-status=live |access-date=9 September 2021 |website=Evening Standard |location=London |archive-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909142647/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/new-sale-battersea-power-station-7496801.html }}</ref> Despite the sale of the site, Mayor Boris Johnson requested that the planning and development of the extension continue, with responsibility forof the project passing to TfL.<ref name=":2" />
In March 2012, the Vauxhall Nine Elms Battersea Opportunity Area Planning Framework was published by the GLA, proposing 16,000 new homes, {{convert|500000|sqm}} of commercial space and 27,000 new jobs across the area, as well as outlining the infrastructure requirements required to support thatthis level of growth.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2021 |title=Vauxhall Nine Elms Battersea Opportunity Area Planning Framework |publisher= Greater London Authority |url=http://www.london.gov.uk/who-runs-london/mayor/publications/planning/vauxhall-nine-elms-battersea-opportunity-area-planning-framework |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816012504/http://www.london.gov.uk/who-runs-london/mayor/publications/planning/vauxhall-nine-elms-battersea-opportunity-area-planning-framework |archive-date=16 August 2012 |access-date=9 September 2021}}</ref>
===== Power Station sold, further consultation (2012) =====
[[File:Nine Elms Sainsburys (London, UK).JPG|left|thumb|Proposed site of Nine Elms station]]
In June 2012, the Battersea Power Station site was sold to a Malaysian consortium of companies for £400{{nbsp}}million. The consortium included [[S P Setia]] , (a property company), [[Sime Darby]] , (a trading conglomerate ,) and [[Employees Provident Fund (Malaysia)|Employees Provident Fund]] , (Malaysia's largest pension fund ).<ref>{{cite news |title=Battersea Power Station: Malaysian company beats Chelsea bid |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-18352786 |work=BBC News |date=7 June 2012 |access-date=7 June 2012 |archive-date=7 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607101333/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-18352786 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Hammond|first1=Ed|last2=Grant|first2=Jeremy|date=5 July 2012|title=Malaysians seal £400m Battersea deal|url=https://www.ft.com/content/0b13b6b2-c674-11e1-963a-00144feabdc0|url-status=live|access-date=14 September 2021|website=Financial Times|archive-date=14 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914105820/https://www.ft.com/content/0b13b6b2-c674-11e1-963a-00144feabdc0}}</ref> The consortium stated that itthey waswere in favour of the extension, and confirmed that itthey would honour the £200{{nbsp}}million contribution totowards the extension.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Werdigier |first=Julia |date=7 June 2012 |title=New Buyers for Venerable London Power Station |language=en-US|work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/08/business/global/2-malaysian-property-groups-to-buy-bankrupt-london-landmark.html |access-date=9 September 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909144052/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/08/business/global/2-malaysian-property-groups-to-buy-bankrupt-london-landmark.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Kenyon |first1=Peter |last2=McInnes |first2=Ian |date=July 2012 |title=Northern Line extension gains momentum |url=https://www.tunneltalk.com/London-Underground-Jul12-Northern-Line-extension-to-Battersea-gains-momentum.php |url-status=live |access-date=10 September 2021 |website=Tunnel Talk |archive-date=10 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910103516/https://www.tunneltalk.com/London-Underground-Jul12-Northern-Line-extension-to-Battersea-gains-momentum.php}}</ref> ▼
In November 2012, TfL launched a consultation aboutinto the preferred route, before seeking permission for the extension to be built.'''<ref>{{cite press release |title=TfL would like to hear your views on plans to extend the Northern line |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2012/november/tfl-would-like-to-hear-your-views-on-plans-to-extend-the-northern-line |publisher=Transport for London |date=8 November 2012 |access-date=9 September 2021 |archive-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909230032/https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2012/november/tfl-would-like-to-hear-your-views-on-plans-to-extend-the-northern-line |url-status=live}}</ref>'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2012 |title=Northern Line extension consultation begins |language=en-GB|work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-20336676 |access-date=10 September 2021 |archive-date=10 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910103511/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-20336676 |url-status=live}}</ref> TfL had reassessed the various route options and the potential station sites at both Battersea and Nine Elms.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Northern line extension Factsheet 8: Previous consultation on the Northern line extension (NLE) and our response to issues raised |url=https://consultations.tfl.gov.uk/tube/nle/supporting_documents/Factsheet8.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909230032/https://consultations.tfl.gov.uk/tube/nle/supporting_documents/Factsheet8.pdf |archive-date=9 September 2021 |access-date=9 September 2021 |website=Transport for London |quote=Some concerns were raised about the first phase of public consultation conducted in summer 2010. ... Following public consultation in summer 2011, TfL undertook a detailed assessment of the various route options. This concluded that route 2 was the best option to take forward.}}</ref> Residents were also concerned aboutregarding the potential levellevels of overcrowding at Kennington station, and TfL waswere considering whetherif works were required to mitigate thatthis.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Boris |last2=Shawcross |first2=Valerie |date=31 May 2012 |title=Kennington station |url=https://www.london.gov.uk/questions/2012/1615 |url-status=live |access-date=11 September 2021 |website=Mayor's Question Time |archive-date=11 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911182000/https://www.london.gov.uk/questions/2012/1615}}</ref> The proposed station site at Battersea was vacant, and the proposed station site at Nine Elms was occupiedbeing byused as a supermarket car park , andas well as an office building.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web |last=Dixon |first=J S |date=19 June 2014 |title=Report to the Secretary of State for Transport and the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government – Transport and Works Act 1992 Town and Country Planning Act 1990 Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 and Acquisition of Land Act 1981 – London Underground (Northern Line Extension) Order 201[ ] |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/737161/northern-line-inspectors-report.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=13 September 2021 |website=HM Government |pages=7–8 |archive-date=2 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202014657/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/737161/northern-line-inspectors-report.pdf}}</ref> ThatThis helped ensure that local opposition to building demolition (such as occurred with the [[London Astoria]] for the Crossrail project) was avoided.<ref name=":42" /> ▼▲In June 2012, the Battersea Power Station site was sold to a Malaysian consortium of companies for £400{{nbsp}}million. The consortium included [[S P Setia]], a property company), [[Sime Darby]], a trading conglomerate, and [[Employees Provident Fund (Malaysia)|Employees Provident Fund]], Malaysia's largest pension fund.<ref>{{cite news |title=Battersea Power Station: Malaysian company beats Chelsea bid |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-18352786 |work=BBC News |date=7 June 2012 |access-date=7 June 2012 |archive-date=7 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607101333/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-18352786 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Hammond|first1=Ed|last2=Grant|first2=Jeremy|date=5 July 2012|title=Malaysians seal £400m Battersea deal|url=https://www.ft.com/content/0b13b6b2-c674-11e1-963a-00144feabdc0|url-status=live|access-date=14 September 2021|website=Financial Times|archive-date=14 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914105820/https://www.ft.com/content/0b13b6b2-c674-11e1-963a-00144feabdc0}}</ref> The consortium stated that it was in favour of the extension, and confirmed that it would honour the £200{{nbsp}}million contribution to the extension.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Werdigier |first=Julia |date=7 June 2012 |title=New Buyers for Venerable London Power Station |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/08/business/global/2-malaysian-property-groups-to-buy-bankrupt-london-landmark.html |access-date=9 September 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909144052/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/08/business/global/2-malaysian-property-groups-to-buy-bankrupt-london-landmark.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Kenyon |first1=Peter |last2=McInnes |first2=Ian |date=July 2012 |title=Northern Line extension gains momentum |url=https://www.tunneltalk.com/London-Underground-Jul12-Northern-Line-extension-to-Battersea-gains-momentum.php |url-status=live |access-date=10 September 2021 |website=Tunnel Talk |archive-date=10 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910103516/https://www.tunneltalk.com/London-Underground-Jul12-Northern-Line-extension-to-Battersea-gains-momentum.php}}</ref>
▲In November 2012, TfL launched a consultation about the preferred route, before seeking permission for the extension to be built.'''<ref>{{cite press release |title=TfL would like to hear your views on plans to extend the Northern line |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2012/november/tfl-would-like-to-hear-your-views-on-plans-to-extend-the-northern-line |publisher=Transport for London |date=8 November 2012 |access-date=9 September 2021 |archive-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909230032/https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2012/november/tfl-would-like-to-hear-your-views-on-plans-to-extend-the-northern-line |url-status=live}}</ref>'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2012 |title=Northern Line extension consultation begins |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-20336676 |access-date=10 September 2021 |archive-date=10 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910103511/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-20336676 |url-status=live}}</ref> TfL had reassessed the various route options and the potential station sites at both Battersea and Nine Elms.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Northern line extension Factsheet 8: Previous consultation on the Northern line extension (NLE) and our response to issues raised |url=https://consultations.tfl.gov.uk/tube/nle/supporting_documents/Factsheet8.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909230032/https://consultations.tfl.gov.uk/tube/nle/supporting_documents/Factsheet8.pdf |archive-date=9 September 2021 |access-date=9 September 2021 |website=Transport for London |quote=Some concerns were raised about the first phase of public consultation conducted in summer 2010. ... Following public consultation in summer 2011, TfL undertook a detailed assessment of the various route options. This concluded that route 2 was the best option to take forward.}}</ref> Residents were concerned about the potential level of overcrowding at Kennington station, and TfL was considering whether works were required to mitigate that.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Boris |last2=Shawcross |first2=Valerie |date=31 May 2012 |title=Kennington station |url=https://www.london.gov.uk/questions/2012/1615 |url-status=live |access-date=11 September 2021 |website=Mayor's Question Time |archive-date=11 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911182000/https://www.london.gov.uk/questions/2012/1615}}</ref> The proposed station site at Battersea was vacant, and the proposed station site at Nine Elms was occupied by a supermarket car park and an office building.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web |last=Dixon |first=J S |date=19 June 2014 |title=Report to the Secretary of State for Transport and the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government – Transport and Works Act 1992 Town and Country Planning Act 1990 Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 and Acquisition of Land Act 1981 – London Underground (Northern Line Extension) Order 201[ ] |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/737161/northern-line-inspectors-report.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=13 September 2021 |website=HM Government |pages=7–8 |archive-date=2 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202014657/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/737161/northern-line-inspectors-report.pdf}}</ref> That helped ensure that local opposition to building demolition (such as occurred with the [[London Astoria]] for the Crossrail project) was avoided.<ref name=":42" />
Funding for the extension was agreed with [[HM Treasury]] in 2012, with the use of tax increment financing and financial contributions by developers to pay back the construction loan over a period of 25 years.<ref name=":4" />
=== Public inquiry ===
[[File:Kennington front 2020.jpg|thumb|[[Kennington tube station|Kennington station]], where the extension splits from the existing [[Northern line]]]]
In April 2013, TfL applied for a [[Transport and Works Act 1992|Transport and Works Act Order]] to seek permission to build the extension.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/projects-infrastructure/single-view/view/tfl-applies-for-northern-line-extension-legal-powers.html |title= TfL applies for Northern Line extension legal powers |work= Railway Gazette International |location= London |date= 30 April 2013 |access-date= 3 May 2013 |archive-date= 19 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619183619/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/projects-infrastructure/single-view/view/tfl-applies-for-northern-line-extension-legal-powers.html |url-status= live }}</ref> TfL also began work to appoint a contractor to build the extension, as well as undertaking ground investigation works to understand the soil and subsoil where the new tunnels are to be built.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pitt|first=Vern|date=3 July 2013|title=Four teams in for £600m Battersea Northern Line extension|url=https://www.building.co.uk/news/four-teams-in-for-600m-battersea-northern-line-extension/5057248.article|url-status=live|access-date=11 September 2021|website=Building magazine|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911111955/https://www.building.co.uk/news/four-teams-in-for-600m-battersea-northern-line-extension/5057248.article}}</ref> That summer, [[Prime Minister David Cameron]] and [[Prime Minister of Malaysia]] [[Najib Razak]] broke ground on the £8{{nbsp}}billion Battersea Power Station development, with Cameron stating that "where once there was little hope of decent public transport links, we have nailed that problem".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cameron|first=David|date=4 July 2013|title=David Cameron: Battersea is a symbol of Britain's renewal|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/comment/comment/david-cameron-battersea-is-a-symbol-of-britain-s-renewal-8687882.html|url-status=live|access-date=13 September 2021|website=[[Evening Standard]]|language=en|quote=Where once there was little hope of decent public transport links, we have nailed that problem with the Northern line extension. This needed a financial guarantee from Government to get going: we provided it, now it's happening.|archive-date=13 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913214647/https://www.standard.co.uk/comment/comment/david-cameron-battersea-is-a-symbol-of-britain-s-renewal-8687882.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=4 July 2013|title=Battersea Power Station work opened by David Cameron and Malaysian PM|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-23177197|access-date=13 September 2021|archive-date=28 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128172606/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-23177197|url-status=live}}</ref>
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