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no references in the lead - I direct you to the "criticism" section which discusses the low levels of affordable housing and gentrification |
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Two new underground stations were built: [[Nine Elms tube station|Nine Elms]] and terminus [[Battersea Power Station tube station|Battersea Power Station]]. Both stations are in [[Travelcard Zone 1]]. Provision was made for a future extension to [[Clapham Junction railway station|Clapham Junction]]. Since the closure of the Battersea Power Station in the 1980s, multiple attempts were made to redevelop the area. In the mid 2000s, Irish property developers proposed extending the Northern line to serve the power station site, to improve connectivity and spur development. After the [[Great Recession|financial crisis]] and the collapse of the [[Irish property bubble]] in the late 2000s, the Battersea Power Station site was bought by Malaysian investors, who subsequently contributed around £260m towards the construction of the Underground extension.
Construction took six years and cost £1.1{{nbsp}}billion (under budget by £160{{nbsp}}million) and the extension opened on 20 September 2021. It was the first major extension of the Underground since the [[Jubilee Line Extension]] in 1999. It was funded by the private sector, including the developers of Battersea Power Station, with contributions from other developments across the Vauxhall, Nine Elms and Battersea area. The construction of the extension was supported by local councils, property developers and local residents. However, the subsequent development in the [[Vauxhall]], [[Nine Elms]] and Battersea areas has been criticised for [[gentrification]] and low levels of affordable housing
==Background==
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[[Battersea Power Station]] was a [[Fossil fuel power plant|coal-fired power station]] on the south bank of the [[River Thames]] in [[Nine Elms]], [[Battersea]]. Built in two stages as a single building in the 1930s and 1950s, the power station closed in 1983. It is a Grade II* [[listed building]], owing to its size, [[Art Deco]] interior fittings and decor, and design by architect [[Giles Gilbert Scott]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007 |title=BATTERSEA POWER STATION, Non Civil Parish – 1357620 |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1357620 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909142637/https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1357620 |archive-date=9 September 2021 |access-date=9 September 2021 |website=[[Historic England]] |language=en}}</ref>
The first major proposal to develop the site in the mid 1980s was for an [[indoor theme park]], by the owners of [[Alton Towers]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Harrad|first=Tom|date=7 April 2016|title=How Battersea Power Station Almost Became London's Very Own Alton Towers|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/bnkpj5/battersea-power-station-theme-park|url-status=live|access-date=9 September 2021|website=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]|archive-date=9 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909142637/https://www.vice.com/en/article/bnkpj5/battersea-power-station-theme-park}}</ref> The theme park proposal included the 'Battersea Bullet', a dedicated [[British Rail]] shuttle train from [[London Victoria station]] to the theme park.<ref name=":0" /> Owing to the [[early 1990s recession]], the project was cancelled.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Watts |first=Peter
=== Northern line ===
The [[Northern line]] was last extended into [[South London]] in 1926, as part of an extension to [[Morden tube station|Morden
Throughout the 2000s, no plans were considered for extending the Northern line, as the [[History of the London Underground#Public–private partnership|Public Private Partnership]] (PPP) to upgrade the Underground did not include provision for line extensions within the PPP contracts.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 January 2003|title=Details of Tube modernisation plans unveiled|url=http://www.tubelines.com/news/releases/200602/20030108.aspx
== History ==
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==== Mid 2000s ====
[[File:Nine Elms Battersea regeneration site.jpg|thumb|View over the Vauxhall Nine Elms Battersea regeneration area, looking towards Battersea Power Station]]
In 2006, Irish property developers Real Estates Opportunities (REO) and [[Treasury Holdings]] purchased the Battersea Power Station site from Hong Kong property developer [[Hong Kong Parkview Group#Battersea Power Station|Parkview International]] for £400{{nbsp}}million.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 November 2006 |title=Iconic landmark is sold for £400m |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/6160773.stm |access-date=9 September 2021 |archive-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909142637/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/6160773.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2007, they abandoned the previously approved proposal for redeveloping the site, and appointed [[Rafael Viñoly]] to design a new masterplan for the site.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Westbrook |first=Andrew |date=5 April 2007 |title=Back To Square One For Power Station |url=http://www.wandsworthguardian.co.uk/news/topstories/display.var.1312060.0.back_to_square_one_for_power_station.php
In June 2008, REO and Treasury Holdings announced their plans for the site. Their masterplan proposed refurbishing the power station to include office and retail space, 3,200 new homes and a [[biomass]] power station. They announced that they were in discussions with [[Transport for London]] (TfL) regarding an extension of the Northern line to serve the site.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Booth |first=Robert |date=20 June 2008 |title=Latest plans for Battersea power station revealed |website=The Guardian |location=London |url=http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2008/jun/20/art.architecture |url-status=live |access-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909142641/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2008/jun/20/art.architecture |archive-date=9 September 2021 |quote=Now the developer is in talks with Transport for London about funding an extension of the Northern Line to the site at a cost of £346m. It would be largely funded by Treasury Holdings as part of any planning deal.}}</ref> The developer noted that Vauxhall is the closest Underground station to the site, and claimed that the station and the [[Victoria line]] were already at capacity.<ref name=":3">{{Cite press release |date=20 June 2008 |title=Battersea Power Station is Reborn |url=http://www.batterseapowerstation.org.uk/news/reo_20.06.08/reo_news_release_08.06.08.pdf
In October 2008, the [[United States ambassador to the United Kingdom]] announced that the [[Embassy of the United States, London|Embassy of the United States]] would move to a new site at Nine Elms, vacating its [[Mayfair]] location at [[Grosvenor Square]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Castle |first=Stephen |date=2 October 2008 |title=U.S. Embassy to relocate in London |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/02/world/europe/02iht-london.4.16652652.html |access-date=9 September 2021 |archive-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909142637/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/02/world/europe/02iht-london.4.16652652.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Plans for the embassy were approved in 2009, with infrastructure contributions towards an extension of the Northern line.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-09-16 |title=Planners approve new US embassy |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/8260096.stm |access-date=2023-02-15 |quote=The outline permission is subject to detailed negotiations on contributions to the cost of local and strategic transport improvements. This would include funding towards Crossrail or the council's preferred alternative of a Northern Line extension from Kennington.}}</ref>
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In April 2010, London [[Mayor Boris Johnson]] published the Mayor's Transport Strategy (MTS), which outlined the Mayor's plans for public transport in the capital.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2015 |title=Mayor's Transport Strategy 2010 |url=https://www.london.gov.uk//what-we-do/transport/transport-publications/mayors-transport-strategy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430022032/https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/transport/transport-publications/mayors-transport-strategy |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=31 March 2021 |website=[[Greater London Authority]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> This specifically supported a privately funded extension of the Northern line to Battersea, to assist with regeneration of the Vauxhall, Nine Elms and Battersea areas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2010 |title=Mayor's Transport Strategy – Chapter five – Transport proposals |url=https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/mts_chapter_5_pt1_0.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817073212/https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/mts_chapter_5_pt1_0.pdf |archive-date=17 August 2021 |access-date=9 September 2021 |website=[[Greater London Authority]] |page=139}}</ref>
In May of that year, REO and Treasury Holdings launched a consultation into the extension of the Northern line to Battersea.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|date=May 2010|title=Proposals for a Northern Line extension to Nine Elms and Battersea|url=http://www.dragondark.co.uk/lr/leafletcampaign.pdf
* Option 1 - no intermediate stations, providing the fastest journey time to Battersea with the lowest cost. However, the route would not serve Nine Elms or other areas.
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* Option 4 - a station in north Nine Elms, north of the South West Main Line. Although located close to Vauxhall station and the new US Embassy, the route would not serve existing residential areas.<ref name=":6" />
By November 2010, planning permission for the Battersea Power Station project had been granted by [[Wandsworth Council]], with £203{{nbsp}}million pledged by the developers towards a future extension of the Northern line.<ref name="wandsworth.gov.uk">{{cite press release|url=http://www.wandsworth.gov.uk/news/article/10136/battersea_power_station_scheme_approved|title=Battersea Power Station scheme approved|publisher=Wandsworth Council|date=11 November 2010|access-date=9 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014095827/http://www.wandsworth.gov.uk/news/article/10136/battersea_power_station_scheme_approved|archive-date=14 October 2013
Noting the difficult economic state of the UK due to the financial crisis, the GLA advised landowners, developers and local council leaders in November 2010 that the extension would be mostly privately funded via developers' contributions, costing the extension at £560{{nbsp}}million.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.wandsworth.gov.uk/news/article/10120/study_shows_nine_elms_tube_link_viable|title=Study shows Nine Elms tube link viable|publisher=Wandsworth Council|date=5 November 2010|access-date=9 November 2010|archive-date=13 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213035716/http://www.wandsworth.gov.uk/news/article/10120/study_shows_nine_elms_tube_link_viable|url-status=live}}</ref>'''<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 2010|title=Northern Line Extension (NLE) Briefing Note 2 (September 2010)|url=http://www2.battersea-powerstation.com/pdfs/NLE_briefing_note_sept_2010.pdf
===== Preferred route consultation (2011) =====
[[File:London Underground Northern line extension map.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|Route of the Northern line extension]]
In May 2011, the preferred route of the extension was announced,<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 August 2011|title=Northern Line Extension to Nine Elms & Battersea – Home|url=http://northernlineextension.com/
Following criticism during the consultation by local residents that route options were not considered, the consultation was extended until August 2011 so that the public could comment on the previously proposed route options.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|date=June 2011|title=Proposed Extension of the Northern line to Nine Elms and Battersea Public Consultation May–June 2011 – Update|url=http://northernlineextension.com/media/6789/nle_route_options_lr_pages.pdf
In October 2011, a report commissioned by Wandsworth Borough Council showed that the proposed extension had a positive [[business case]], with the potential of delivering up to £4.5{{nbsp}}billion in tax receipts across the area.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rosewell|first=Bridget|date=October 2011|title=The Wider Economic Benefits of VNEB Regeneration
===== Power Station developer into administration (2011) =====
In December 2011, Treasury Holdings went into administration, after failing to repay debts of £340{{nbsp}}million to [[Lloyds Banking Group]] and [[Ireland|Ireland's]] [[National Asset Management Agency]] (NAMA).'''<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Kollewe |first=Julia |date=20 December 2011 |title=Irish property developers' grand vision for Battersea power station left in ruins |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |url=http://www.theguardian.com/business/2011/dec/20/irish-property-developers-battersea-power-station |url-status=live |access-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027191514/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2011/dec/20/irish-property-developers-battersea-power-station |archive-date=27 October 2021}}</ref>'''<ref>{{Cite news |last1=O'Carroll |first1=Lisa |last2=Moya |first2=Elena |date=21 December 2010 |title=Ireland's 'bad bank' NAMA becomes one of world's biggest property lenders |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |url=http://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/dec/20/ireland-nama-banks-property-loans |url-status=live |access-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415143335/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/dec/20/ireland-nama-banks-property-loans |archive-date=15 April 2021}}</ref> Due to the financial crisis and the collapse of the Irish property bubble, REO and Treasury Holdings had not been able to find an investor to allow them to proceed with the development. REO had been criticised by investors and potential partners for their high levels of debt, as well as their "overly litigious" approach to business.'''<ref name=":5" />''' For the first time in its history, the power station site was put up for sale on the open market. As part of the sale, the £200{{nbsp}}million contribution to the Northern line extension remained, as well as the approved planning permission.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Prynn |first1=Jonathan |last2=Cecil |first2=Nicholas |last3=Bar-Hillel |first3=Mira |date=10 April 2012 |title=New Sale: Battersea power station |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/new-sale-battersea-power-station-7496801.html |url-status=live |access-date=9 September 2021 |website=Evening Standard |location=London |archive-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909142647/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/new-sale-battersea-power-station-7496801.html }}</ref> Despite the sale of the site, Mayor Boris Johnson requested that the planning and development of the extension continue, with responsibility of the project passing to TfL.<ref name=":2" />
In March 2012, the Vauxhall Nine Elms Battersea Opportunity Area Planning Framework was published by the GLA, proposing 16,000 new homes, {{convert|500000|sqm}} of commercial space and 27,000 new jobs across the area, as well as outlining the infrastructure requirements required to support this level of growth.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2021 |title=Vauxhall Nine Elms Battersea Opportunity Area Planning Framework |publisher= Greater London Authority |url=http://www.london.gov.uk/who-runs-london/mayor/publications/planning/vauxhall-nine-elms-battersea-opportunity-area-planning-framework
===== Power Station sold, further consultation (2012) =====
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=== Public inquiry ===
[[File:Kennington front 2020.jpg|thumb|[[Kennington tube station|Kennington station]], where the extension splits from the existing [[Northern line]]]]
In April 2013, TfL applied for a [[Transport and Works Act 1992|Transport and Works Act Order]] to seek permission to build the extension.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/projects-infrastructure/single-view/view/tfl-applies-for-northern-line-extension-legal-powers.html |title= TfL applies for Northern Line extension legal powers |work= Railway Gazette International |location= London |date= 30 April 2013 |access-date= 3 May 2013 |archive-date= 19 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619183619/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/projects-infrastructure/single-view/view/tfl-applies-for-northern-line-extension-legal-powers.html |url-status= live }}</ref> TfL also began work to appoint a contractor to build the extension, as well as undertaking ground investigation works to understand the soil and subsoil where the new tunnels are to be built.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pitt|first=Vern|date=3 July 2013|title=Four teams in for £600m Battersea Northern Line extension|url=https://www.building.co.uk/news/four-teams-in-for-600m-battersea-northern-line-extension/5057248.article|url-status=live|access-date=11 September 2021|website=Building magazine|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911111955/https://www.building.co.uk/news/four-teams-in-for-600m-battersea-northern-line-extension/5057248.article}}</ref> That summer, [[Prime Minister David Cameron]] and [[Prime Minister of Malaysia]] [[Najib Razak]] broke ground on the £8{{nbsp}}billion Battersea Power Station development, with Cameron stating that "where once there was little hope of decent public transport links, we have nailed that problem".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cameron|first=David|date=4 July 2013|title=David Cameron: Battersea is a symbol of Britain's renewal|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/comment/comment/david-cameron-battersea-is-a-symbol-of-britain-s-renewal-8687882.html|url-status=live|access-date=13 September 2021|website=[[Evening Standard]]|language=en|quote=Where once there was little hope of decent public transport links, we have nailed that problem with the Northern line extension. This needed a financial guarantee from Government to get going: we provided it, now
On 19 November 2013, the [[Secretary of State for Transport]] announced the start of a [[public inquiry]] to be conducted by an independent planning inspector, into the proposed construction of the extension.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Northern line extension public inquiry starts today|url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2013/november/northern-line-extension-public-inquiry-starts-today|publisher=Transport for London|date=19 November 2013|access-date=11 September 2021|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911111953/https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2013/november/northern-line-extension-public-inquiry-starts-today|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Rucki|first=Alexandra|date=19 November 2013|title=Public inquiry launches into Northern Line extension to Battersea|url=https://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/10818512.public-inquiry-launches-into-northern-line-extension-to-battersea/|url-status=live|access-date=11 September 2021|website=Your Local Guardian|language=en|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911111955/https://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/10818512.public-inquiry-launches-into-northern-line-extension-to-battersea/}}</ref> During the inquiry, the inspector heard from those in favour of the extension (such as TfL, the promoter of the extension, as well as other supporters), from those objecting to the extension, as well as points raised by concerned third parties (such as from [[statutory undertaker]]s).<ref name=":13" />
Points covered in the inquiry included that the extension would only serve one developer, that other alternatives (such as a route via Vauxhall) were not sufficiently tested, impacts on local [[Conservation area (United Kingdom)|Conservation Areas]] and [[Kennington Park]], that an extension to Clapham Junction station should be built, as well as concerns regarding the levels of noise, vibration and dust during construction.<ref name=":19">{{Cite web |last=Dixon |first=J S |date=19 June 2014 |title=Report to the Secretary of State for Transport and the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government – Transport and Works Act 1992 Town and Country Planning Act 1990 Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 and Acquisition of Land Act 1981 – London Underground (Northern Line Extension) Order 201[ ] |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/737161/northern-line-inspectors-report.pdf
The public inquiry was completed on 20 December 2013.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Dixon |first=J S |date=19 June 2014 |title=Report to the Secretary of State for Transport and the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government – Transport and Works Act 1992 Town and Country Planning Act 1990 Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 and Acquisition of Land Act 1981 – London Underground (Northern Line Extension) Order 201[ ] |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/737161/northern-line-inspectors-report.pdf
===Construction and commissioning===
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Preparation works started on the route in 2015, with Mayor Boris Johnson officially starting construction on 23 November 2015 at a ceremony at Battersea Power Station.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web|date=25 November 2015|title=Northern Line extension breaks ground|url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/northern-line-extension-breaks-ground/41687.article|url-status=live|access-date=11 September 2021|website=Railway Gazette International|language=en|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911111955/https://www.railwaygazette.com/northern-line-extension-breaks-ground/41687.article}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Shenouda|first=Josh|date=25 November 2015|title=Boris Johnson starts work on the Northern line extension to Battersea and Nine Elms|url=https://www.wandsworthguardian.co.uk/news/14102999.boris-johnson-starts-work-on-the-northern-line-extension-to-battersea-and-nine-elms/|url-status=live|access-date=11 September 2021|website=Wandsworth Times|language=en|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911224001/https://www.wandsworthguardian.co.uk/news/14102999.boris-johnson-starts-work-on-the-northern-line-extension-to-battersea-and-nine-elms/}}</ref> Boring of the tunnels was estimated to begin in 2017, with the extension complete by 2020.<ref name=":16" />
In mid-February 2017, two large [[tunnel boring machine]]s were delivered to the Battersea construction site, and lowered to tunnel level by a large crane.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 January 2017|title=London Underground Northern Line extension tunnelling to start in March|url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/infrastructure/london-underground-northern-line-extension-tunnelling-to-start-in-march/43855.article|url-status=live|access-date=11 September 2021|website=Railway Gazette International|language=en|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911111958/https://www.railwaygazette.com/infrastructure/london-underground-northern-line-extension-tunnelling-to-start-in-march/43855.article}}</ref><ref name=":32" /> The boring machines were named ''Helen'' and ''Amy'' – after the first British astronaut [[Helen Sharman]], and [[Amy Johnson]], the first female pilot to fly solo from London to Australia – following a competition amongst local school children.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Dick |date=16 February 2017 |title=Machines brought in to begin work on £1.2bn Northern line extension |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/northern-line-extension-machines-lowered-into-place-to-begin-work-on-ps1-2bn-tube-extension-a3468121.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911213131/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/northern-line-extension-machines-lowered-into-place-to-begin-work-on-ps1-2bn-tube-extension-a3468121.html |archive-date=11 September 2021 |access-date=11 September 2021 |website=[[Evening Standard]] |language=en |quote=They were named, thanks to a vote by local schoolchildren, in honour of astronaut Helen Sharman and aviation pioneer Amy Johnson}}</ref> A {{convert|300|m|adj=on|abbr=in}} temporary [[conveyor belt]] was constructed to transport an estimated 300,000{{nbsp}}tonnes of excavated material from the Battersea construction site to the River Thames, where it would loaded onto barges to be transported to [[East Tilbury]] to create new [[arable farmland]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 January 2017|title=Tilbury set to get new farm land thanks to project to extend London's Underground service|url=https://www.thurrockgazette.co.uk/news/15038030.tilbury-set-to-get-new-farm-land-thanks-to-project-to-extend-londons-underground-service/|url-status=live|access-date=11 September 2021|website=Thurrock Gazette|language=en|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911111956/https://www.thurrockgazette.co.uk/news/15038030.tilbury-set-to-get-new-farm-land-thanks-to-project-to-extend-londons-underground-service/}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite
The main tunnelling work started in April 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2017/april/tunnelling-starts-to-extend-the-northern-line-to-battersea |title=Tunnelling starts to extend the Northern line to Battersea |publisher=[[Transport for London]] |date=11 April 2017 |access-date=29 March 2020 |archive-date=29 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329215547/https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2017/april/tunnelling-starts-to-extend-the-northern-line-to-battersea |url-status=live }}</ref> and was completed on 8 November 2017, with a breakthrough at Kennington.<ref name=":37">{{cite web|last=Collier|first=Hatty|date=8 November 2017|title=Northern Line extension: Tunnelling work on £1.2bn extension to Battersea completed ahead of 2020 opening|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/northern-line-extension-tunnelling-work-on-12bn-extension-to-battersea-completed-ahead-of-2020-a3685746.html|url-status=live|access-date=11 September 2021|website=[[Evening Standard]]|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109041335/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/northern-line-extension-tunnelling-work-on-12bn-extension-to-battersea-completed-ahead-of-2020-a3685746.html}}</ref> Tunnelling work to connect the bored tunnels to the existing Kennington loop of the Northern line was dug by hand, due to risk of impacting the existing Northern line.<ref name=":36" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kitching|first=Ruby|date=25 May 2017|title=Tunnelling: Northern link|url=https://www.geplus.co.uk/news/tunnelling-northern-link-25-05-2017/|access-date=13 September 2021|website=Ground Engineering|language=en|archive-date=13 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913212544/https://www.geplus.co.uk/news/tunnelling-northern-link-25-05-2017/|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the completion of tunnelling, work began on the installation of rails, power and communication equipment, as well as the station structures themselves.<ref name=":37" />
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In December 2017, the detailed designs for Battersea station were approved by Wandsworth Council.<ref name=":21">{{Cite web|date=21 December 2017|title=Historic day for east Battersea as design for new Northern Line tube station is given green light|url=https://www.wandsworth.gov.uk/news/article/14299|url-status=live|access-date=11 September 2021|website=Wandsworth Borough Council|language=en-gb|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911111955/https://www.wandsworth.gov.uk/news/article/14299}}</ref> In January 2018, the first train travelled over the completed 'step plate' junctions at Kennington that will allow access to the extension.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Carr|first=Collin|date=9 January 2018|title=First train travels over new Northern line extension junction|url=https://railuk.com/rail-news/first-train-travels-over-new-northern-line-extension-junction/|access-date=11 September 2021|website=Rail UK|language=en-US|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911111955/https://railuk.com/rail-news/first-train-travels-over-new-northern-line-extension-junction/|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2018, the detailed designs for Nine Elms station were approved by Lambeth Council.<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 2018|title=18/00043/DET {{!}} Approval of details to discharge Condition 3(a) (i) (Stations and other buildings: detailed design approval of above ground elements) of the deemed planning permission for the London Underground Northern Line Extension (Nine Elms Station) (Ref : TWA 3/1/415) {{!}} Nine Elms TFL Construction Site, Pascal Street London SW8|url=https://planning.lambeth.gov.uk/online-applications/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=summary&keyVal=P21HDCBOKC900|url-status=live|access-date=14 September 2021|website=planning.lambeth.gov.uk|quote=Decision Issued Date Mon 05 Mar 2018|archive-date=21 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121222012/https://planning.lambeth.gov.uk/online-applications/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=summary&keyVal=P21HDCBOKC900}}</ref> In May 2018, Mayor of London Sadiq Khan noted that changes to the design of the development above the future Battersea station by the Power Station developer had increased the cost of the station by around £240{{nbsp}}million, and that TfL was seeking to recoup these costs.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Khan|first1=Sadiq|last2=Eshalomi|first2=Florence|date=4 May 2018|title=Developer Funded Transport|url=https://www.london.gov.uk/questions/2018/1196|url-status=live|access-date=14 September 2021|website=Mayor's Question Time|quote=The additional costs to the Northern line extensions have been caused by significant changes made by the Battersea Power Station developer to the design of the development above the station at Battersea. More ambitious structures than were originally agreed have meant substantial changes are needed for the new Tube station to function properly. This had led to an increase in the overall cost of the project. TfL is in discussions with Battersea Power Station developers to recover these additional costs.|archive-date=17 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017055919/https://www.london.gov.uk/questions/2018/1196}}</ref> Work at Kennington to build additional platform cross passages was completed in September 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2018|title=Finished complex cross passage works at Kennington Station in NLE|url=https://newsroom.ferrovial.com/en/local-news/northern-line-extension-team-delivers-complex-cross-passage-works-at-kennington-station-on-schedule/|url-status=live|access-date=11 September 2021|website=Ferrovial|language=en|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911222459/https://newsroom.ferrovial.com/en/local-news/northern-line-extension-team-delivers-complex-cross-passage-works-at-kennington-station-on-schedule/}}</ref>[[File:Nine Elms station, April 2019.jpg|thumb|Nine Elms station, nearing completion in April 2019]]
In January 2019, it was announced that due to a variety of construction delays, the opening of the project would be delayed from December 2020 to 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Plimmer|first1=Gill|last2=Pickard|first2=Jim|date=21 December 2018|title=London's Northern Line extension to Battersea delayed by a year|url=https://www.ft.com/content/7ac0080a-0455-11e9-99df-6183d3002ee1|url-status=live|access-date=11 September 2021|website=[[Financial Times]]|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911182004/https://www.ft.com/content/7ac0080a-0455-11e9-99df-6183d3002ee1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Prynn |first1=Jonathan |last2=Sleigh |first2=Sophia |date=21 December 2018 |title=TfL under fire as Battersea Tube extension is delayed by 'miscalculations' |work=[[Evening Standard]] |location=London |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/tfl-under-fire-as-battersea-tube-extension-is-delayed-by-miscalculations-a4023386.html |url-status=live |access-date=8 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023202028/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/tfl-under-fire-as-battersea-tube-extension-is-delayed-by-miscalculations-a4023386.html |archive-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> In June 2019, it was announced that installation of track had been completed, and that an engineering train travelled the full length of the tunnel from Kennington to Battersea for the first time.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 June 2019|title=First engineering train travels full Northern Line Extension|url=https://www.railwaypro.com/wp/first-engineering-train-travels-full-northern-line-extension/|access-date=11 September 2021|website=Railway PRO|language=en-US|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911114956/https://www.railwaypro.com/wp/first-engineering-train-travels-full-northern-line-extension/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=14 June 2019|title=Northern Line extension due to open in September 2021 as trackwork completed|url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/infrastructure/northern-line-extension-due-to-open-in-september-2021-as-trackwork-completed/48721.article|url-status=live|access-date=11 September 2021|website=Railway Gazette International|language=en|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911111955/https://www.railwaygazette.com/infrastructure/northern-line-extension-due-to-open-in-september-2021-as-trackwork-completed/48721.article}}</ref> By February 2020, construction of the extension was nearly complete, with platforms, escalators and the [[London Underground#Roundel|Tube Roundel]] installed in the stations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jarvis |first=Jacob |date=20 February 2020 |title=Battersea Power Station signs unveiled at new Northern Line hub |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/battersea-power-station-tube-signs-unveiled-underground-northern-line-a4367426.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221144206/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/battersea-power-station-tube-signs-unveiled-underground-northern-line-a4367426.html |archive-date=21 February 2020 |access-date=13 April 2020 |website=[[Evening Standard]]}}</ref> In the early spring of 2020, work on the extension was paused due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19 pandemic]]. Work resumed at the end of May 2020 with [[social distancing]] and other mitigation measures.<ref name=":30">{{Cite web|last1=Eshalomi|first1=Florence|last2=Khan|first2=Sadiq|date=7 September 2020|title=Update on the Northern Line Extension|url=https://www.london.gov.uk/questions/2020/3133|url-status=live|access-date=11 September 2021|website=Mayor's Question Time|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911182009/https://www.london.gov.uk/questions/2020/3133}}</ref> In July 2020, the roof of the Battersea station was handed over to the Battersea Power Station developer to allow their construction to begin.<ref name=":30" /> In late 2020, stations were energised and [[Traction current|track traction current]] turned on.<ref name=":22">{{Cite
Kennington station was moved from [[Travelcard Zone 2|Zone 2]] to the [[Travelcard Zone 1|Zone 1/2 boundary]] in May 2021, in preparation for the opening of the extension.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bennett|first=Ella|date=13 May 2021|title=Kennington on the Northern Line line is changing zones as lockdown eases|url=https://www.mylondon.news/news/south-london-news/london-underground-northern-line-station-20588563|access-date=11 September 2021|website=MyLondon|language=en|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911181947/https://www.mylondon.news/news/south-london-news/london-underground-northern-line-station-20588563|url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2021, it was announced that the extension would have [[4G|4G mobile signal]], unlike the majority of the tunnelled Underground network in 2021.<ref name=":33">{{Cite web|last=Lydall|first=Ross|date=22 June 2021|title=Tube to get full mobile phone coverage by 2024|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/london-underground-full-mobile-phone-coverage-2024-b941881.html|url-status=live|access-date=11 September 2021|website=[[Evening Standard]]|language=en|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911230734/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/london-underground-full-mobile-phone-coverage-2024-b941881.html}}</ref> By summer 2021, final testing and commissioning was underway, with regular test trains running from July 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=White|first=Chloe|date=11 July 2021|title=Transport for London Northern Line Extension project meets a major milestone as trial operations begin|url=https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2021/07/transport-for-london-northern-line-extension-project-meets-a-major-milestone-as-trial-operations-begin.html|url-status=live|access-date=11 July 2021|website=RailAdvent|language=en-GB|archive-date=11 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711130949/https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2021/07/transport-for-london-northern-line-extension-project-meets-a-major-milestone-as-trial-operations-begin.html}}</ref>
Line 131:
=== Opening of extension ===
[[File:Battersea Power Station Station (51496672361).jpg|thumb|Battersea Power Station station entrance on opening day]]
The extension was opened on 20 September 2021,<ref name=":47">{{Cite news |date=20 September 2021 |title=Northern line extension: Two new Tube stations open |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-58621491 |url-status=live |access-date=20 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920073208/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-58621491 |archive-date=20 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=20 September 2021 |title=London Underground's first major expansion this century opens |url=https://www.itv.com/news/london/2021-09-20/london-undergrounds-first-major-expansion-this-century-opens |access-date=20 September 2021 |website=ITV News |archive-date=20 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920225206/https://www.itv.com/news/london/2021-09-20/london-undergrounds-first-major-expansion-this-century-opens |url-status=live }}</ref> the first major extension of the Underground since the Jubilee Line Extension in 1999.<ref name=":35">{{Cite news |date=20 August 2021 |title=Battersea boost imminent |website=Modern Railways |url=https://www.keymodernrailways.com/article/battersea-boost-imminent |url-status=live |access-date=11 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911222510/https://www.keymodernrailways.com/article/battersea-boost-imminent |archive-date=11 September 2021 |quote=the first major new stretch of tube railway since the Jubilee Line extension (JLE) opened at the turn of the millennium.}}</ref> The initial peak-time service was six trains per hour, with five trains an hour at off-peak times.<ref name=":44">{{Cite press release |date=16 September 2021 |title=New Tube map unveiled featuring new Northern line stations to open next week as Tube extends to Battersea Power Station |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2021/september/new-tube-map-unveiled-featuring-new-northern-line-stations-to-open-next-week-as-tube-extends-to-battersea-power-station |url-status=live |access-date=16 September 2021 |publisher=Transport for London |archive-date=16 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916085356/https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2021/september/new-tube-map-unveiled-featuring-new-northern-line-stations-to-open-next-week-as-tube-extends-to-battersea-power-station}}</ref>
In June 2022, service levels were doubled, following completion of works relating to the [[Bank and Monument stations|Bank station]] upgrade.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lydall |first=Ross |date=2022-09-23 |title=Five million trips on Northern line extension |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/five-million-trips-on-northern-line-extension-b1027717.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927110612/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/five-million-trips-on-northern-line-extension-b1027717.html |archive-date=27 September 2022 |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=[[Evening Standard]] |language=en |quote=The number of trains on the route was doubled in June, from six to 12 trains per hour during peak times, and from five to 10 trains per hour off-peak.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Smith |first=Claire |date=3 September 2021 |title=TfL's Northern Line Extension opening date revealed |url=https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/tfls-northern-line-extension-opening-date-revealed-03-09-2021/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121221959/https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/tfls-northern-line-extension-opening-date-revealed-03-09-2021/ |archive-date=21 January 2022 |access-date=14 September 2021 |magazine=New Civil Engineer |quote=At the time, TfL said that introduction of services on the new line is being "realigned" to coincide with the opening of the Bank Station upgrade allowing for additional capacity on the line. Nonetheless, the impact of Covid and other project issues mean that the upgrade will now not be completed until at least mid-2022 with a blockade on the line planned at Bank between January and May 2022.}}</ref> In September 2022, TfL announced that over 5{{nbsp}}million trips had been made on the extension since opening, with an average of 40,000 trips a week at Nine Elms and 80,000 at Battersea Power Station.<ref name=":45">{{Cite web |last=Lydall |first=Ross |date=2022-09-23 |title=Five million trips on Northern line extension |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/five-million-trips-on-northern-line-extension-b1027717.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927110612/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/five-million-trips-on-northern-line-extension-b1027717.html |archive-date=27 September 2022 |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=[[Evening Standard]] |language=en}}</ref> Battersea Power Station noted that demand would increase further from October 2022, with the opening of the Power Station as an office and retail complex.<ref name=":45" /> TfL estimate that demand could increase to 10 million a year by 2024{{ndash}}25.<ref name=":46">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=23 September 2022 |title=Over five million journeys made on the Northern Line Extension in its first year |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2022/september/over-five-million-journeys-made-on-the-northern-line-extension-in-its-first-year |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=Transport for London |language=en-GB |archive-date=27 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927110612/https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2022/september/over-five-million-journeys-made-on-the-northern-line-extension-in-its-first-year |url-status=live }}</ref>
In November 2022, Battersea Power Station was awarded the [[Architects' Journal]] Architecture Award for Infrastructure and Transport, with praise for the quality of the architecture on the extension overall.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Fran |date=2022-11-23 |title=AJ Architecture Awards 2022 winners revealed |url=https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/aj-architecture-awards-2022-winners-revealed |access-date=2023-08-19 |website=The Architects’ Journal |language=en}}</ref>
== Route and stations ==
{{Northern line extension to Battersea}}
The
Branching off the Northern line at Kennington, the tunnels connect to the [[Kennington Loop]], a loop of tunnel that allows Northern line trains from the Charing Cross branch of the line to turn around. Although the loop remains, the two tunnels branch off it to head south. Two shafts
=== Nine Elms station ===
Line 180 ⟶ 182:
== Design, architecture and art ==
[[File:Sunset, Sunrise, Sunset by Alexandre da Cunha.jpg|thumb|''Sunset, Sunrise, Sunset'' by [[Alexandre da Cunha]]]]
The station buildings at Nine Elms and Battersea Power Station and other structures such as the [[Head house|ventilation head houses]] in Kennington were designed by [[Grimshaw Architects]].<ref name=":21" /><ref>{{Cite press release |date=21 December 2017 |title=Battersea Station receives planning approval |url=https://grimshaw.global/news/articles/battersea-station-receives-planning-approval/ |url-status=live |access-date=11 September 2021 |publisher=[[Grimshaw Architects]] |archive-date=21 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121222015/https://grimshaw.global/news/articles/battersea-station-receives-planning-approval/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |user=GrimshawArch |date=20 September 2021 |title=The Northern Line Extension was opened by Sadiq Khan @MayorofLondon today. Our designs include two new underground stations at #BatterseaPowerStation and #NineElms, two new ventilation shaft head houses at Kennington and new cross passages at Kennington Station.
Both stations on the extension were to have permanent artworks installed by TfL's contemporary art programme, [[Art on the Underground]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Krause |first=Riley |date=9 September 2019 |title=Here are the artworks that will decorate Battersea and Nine Elms Northern Line stations |url=https://www.wandsworthguardian.co.uk/news/17890892.artworks-will-decorate-battersea-nine-elms-northern-line-stations/ |url-status=live |access-date=11 September 2021 |website=Wandsworth Times |archive-date=21 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121222001/https://www.wandsworthguardian.co.uk/news/17890892.artworks-will-decorate-battersea-nine-elms-northern-line-stations/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |date=6 September 2019 |title= Artworks announced for Battersea and Nine Elms Northern Line stations |url=https://www.wandsworth.gov.uk/news/september-2019/artworks-announced-for-battersea-and-nine-elms-northern-line-stations/
== Impact ==
[[File:Battersea Power station redevelopment Dec 2020.jpg|thumb|Battersea Power Station development in December 2020, with the tube station nearing completion]]
The construction of the extension was supported by local boroughs,<ref name=":19" /> property developers with redevelopment sites in the area,<ref name=":23">{{Cite press release |date=3 September 2021 |title=Battersea Power Station Underground To Open |url=https://batterseapowerstation.co.uk/news/article/battersea-power-station-underground-to-open-september-nle |url-status=live |access-date=11 September 2021 |publisher=Battersea Power Station |archive-date=21 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121222008/https://batterseapowerstation.co.uk/news/article/battersea-power-station-underground-to-open-september-nle}}</ref> as well as local people living near the extension.<ref name=":26">{{Cite news |last=Meyer |first=James |date=10 September 2021 |title=Two new tube stations to open (this is what residents think of them) |website=Wandsworth Times |url=https://www.wandsworthguardian.co.uk/news/19572747.new-northern-line-tube-stations-battersea-power-station-nine-elms/ |url-status=live |access-date=11 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911182004/https://www.wandsworthguardian.co.uk/news/19572747.new-northern-line-tube-stations-battersea-power-station-nine-elms/ |archive-date=11 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 May 2021 |title=Northern line extension to open in months to support London's Covid recovery |work=Metro |location=London |url=https://metro.co.uk/2021/05/24/northern-line-extension-to-open-in-months-to-support-covid-recovery-14624771/ |url-status=live |access-date=11 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911181947/https://metro.co.uk/2021/05/24/northern-line-extension-to-open-in-months-to-support-covid-recovery-14624771/ |archive-date=11 September 2021 |quote=During the consultation, the vast majority of respondents supported the plans, with 87% agreeing it would benefit the area.}}</ref> Lambeth and Wandsworth Councils have estimated that around 20,000 new homes and 25,000 new jobs could be provided, and that the extension will support the "regeneration of the Vauxhall Nine Elms Battersea area".<ref name=":19" />'''<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |date=23 August 2011 |title=Northern Line Extension to Nine Elms & Battersea – Key Benefits |url=http://northernlineextension.com/key-benefits.aspx
As with the proposed Bakerloo line extension, TfL proposes to use its property development arm to [[Transit-oriented development|build residential development above]] Nine Elms station and at a Kennington worksite following the opening of the extension.<ref name=":24" /> This would recoup some of the costs of building the extension, as well as providing long term income for TfL.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Property Development |url=https://www.tfl.gov.uk/info-for/business-and-commercial/property-development
Transport in the local area has been improved, bringing [[rapid transit]] to communities currently served only by buses, as well as the more frequent trains than existing National Rail services from Battersea Park station.'''<ref name=":02" />''' In 2022, TfL noted that journey times from the area to the [[City of London|City]] and the [[West End of London|West End]] have been cut by 50%, with an average journey time saving of 17 minutes.<ref name=":46" /> Furthermore, TfL state that the extension will reduce overcrowding on local bus services and at Vauxhall station, as well as on the Victoria and Northern lines.<ref name=":25">{{Cite web |title=Northern line extension – Benefits of the NLE |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/travel-information/improvements-and-projects/northern-line-extension
The Vauxhall Nine Elms Battersea regeneration also improved other transport infrastructure in the area, including [[cycle lane]]s, a new [[Thames Clippers]] river boat pier and an upgrade of Vauxhall Underground station at a cost of £36{{nbsp}}million providing step-free access to the Victoria line.<ref name=":39">{{Cite web |date= 20 May 2013 |title= Vauxhall Tube upgrade begins next year |url=https://nineelmslondon.com/news/vauxhall-tube-upgrade-begins-next-year/ |url-status= live |access-date= 12 September 2021 |website= Nine Elms on the South Bank |archive-date= 12 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912112102/https://nineelmslondon.com/news/vauxhall-tube-upgrade-begins-next-year/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Battersea Power Station Pier – Uber Boat by Thames Clippers|url=https://www.thamesclippers.com/plan-your-journey/find-your-pier/battersea-power-station-pier|url-status=live|access-date=13 September 2021|website=[[Thames Clippers]]|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414221356/https://www.thamesclippers.com/plan-your-journey/find-your-pier/battersea-power-station-pier}}</ref> Other proposed works have included a new bridge across the River Thames to [[Pimlico]] and a planned rebuild of [[Vauxhall bus station]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Clark |first=Tim |date=17 December 2020 |title=Nine Elms bridge scheme 'paused' after Covid forces council rethink |url=https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/controversial-nine-elms-footbridge-on-indefinite-hold |access-date=13 September 2021 |magazine=The Architects' Journal |location=London |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209121956/https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/controversial-nine-elms-footbridge-on-indefinite-hold |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":39" />
Line 198 ⟶ 200:
However, the extension has been criticised for a variety of reasons. The percentage of [[Affordable housing in the United Kingdom|affordable housing]] at the Battersea Power Station development was reduced in 2017, partially due to the cost of the £266.4{{nbsp}}million contribution towards the extension, drawing scorn from affordable housing advocates.<ref name=":27">{{Cite news |date=2 February 2021 |title=Penthouses and poor doors: how Europe's 'biggest regeneration project' fell flat |first=Oliver |last=Wainwright |url=http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/feb/02/penthouses-poor-doors-nine-elms-battersea-london-luxury-housing-development |access-date=11 September 2021 |work=The Guardian |location=London |archive-date=21 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921053009/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/feb/02/penthouses-poor-doors-nine-elms-battersea-london-luxury-housing-development |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":38" /> Other commentary has critiqued the developments in the area catalysed by the extension, with concerns regarding high amount of foreign ownership and [[buy to let]] property investments, as opposed to local people purchasing properties.<ref name=":40">{{Cite web|last=Kollewe|first=Julia|date=14 February 2015|title=Battersea is part of a huge building project – but not for Londoners|url=http://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/feb/14/battersea-nine-elms-property-development-housing|url-status=live|access-date=13 September 2021|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=21 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121222000/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/feb/14/battersea-nine-elms-property-development-housing}}</ref>
During the public inquiry, the planned extension was also criticised for a perception of an "extension for developers" and that money would have been better spent on other transport projects in London.<ref name=":28">{{Cite web |last=Dixon |first=J S |date=19 June 2014 |title=Report to the Secretary of State for Transport and the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government – Transport and Works Act 1992 Town and Country Planning Act 1990 Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 and Acquisition of Land Act 1981 – London Underground (Northern Line Extension) Order 201[ ] |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/737161/northern-line-inspectors-report.pdf
== Cost and funding ==
The extension is estimated to have cost around £1.1{{nbsp}}billion to construct. This amount is £160{{nbsp}}million below budget, despite construction delays.<ref name=":44" /> The extension was funded by a £1{{nbsp}}billion loan to the Greater London Authority from the [[Public Works Loan Board]].<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Murphy |first=Joe |date=5 December 2012 |title=Boost for Battersea as Osborne puts power station on the Tube |work=[[Evening Standard]] |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/boost-for-battersea-as-osborne-puts-power-station-on-the-tube-8386471.html?origin=internalSearch |url-status=live |access-date=19 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006105720/http://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/boost-for-battersea-as-osborne-puts-power-station-on-the-tube-8386471.html?origin=internalSearch |archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> For the first time in England, [[tax increment financing]] will be used to pay back £660m of the loan, using future [[Business rate|business rates]] from the development in the Vauxhall Nine Elms Battersea area, over a period of 25 years.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pickford |first=James |date=2013-04-08 |title=London project to use risky funding model |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/fcda4910-9f64-11e2-b4b6-00144feabdc0 |access-date=2023-02-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Findeisen |first=Francesco |date=2022-07-04 |title=Financing the Northern Line Extension: the politics of governing Greater London
== Future ==
=== Extension to Clapham Junction ===
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