Minamoto clan: Difference between revisions

{{nihongo|'''Minamoto'''|源}} was a [[Aristocracy (class)|noble]] surname bestowed by the [[Emperors of Japan]] upon members of the [[Imperial House of Japan|imperial family]] who were excluded from the [[List of emperors of Japan|line of succession]] and demoted into the ranks of [[Nobility|the nobility]] since 814.<ref name=":3">"...the Minamoto (1192-1333)" Warrior Rule in Japan, page 11. Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=井上 |first=辰雄 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_panuAAACAAJ |title=嵯峨天皇と文人官僚 |publisher=塙書房 |year=2011 |isbn=9784827312409 |location=Japan |pages=305–306 |language=ja}}</ref> Several noble lines were bestowed the surname, the most notable of which was the [[Seiwa Genji]], whose descendants would establishestablished the [[Kamakura shogunate|Kamakura]] and [[Ashikaga shogunate|Ashikaga]] [[Shogun|shogunates]] following the Heian era. The Minamoto was the most powerful and most important clan of all four great [[Japanese clans|clans]] that dominated Japanese politics during the [[Heian period|Heian]] period in [[History of Japan|Japanese history]]—the other three were the [[Fujiwara clan|Fujiwara]], the [[Taira clan|Taira]], and the [[Tachibana clan (kuge)|Tachibana]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibney |first=Frank |title=Britannica International Encyclopedia |publisher=TBS-Britannica |year=1984 |at=Shisei: "Genji" |oclc=47462068}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Frédéric |first=Louis |title=Japan Encyclopedia |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2002 |isbn=9780674017535 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |pages=439–452 |language=en}}</ref>