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In 1993, Microsoft released [[Windows NT 3.1]], a business operating system with the Windows 3.1 user interface but an entirely different kernel.<ref name="thocp2" />
===1995–2005: Internet and legal issues===
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The year 1998 was significant in Microsoft's history, with Bill Gates appointing [[Steve Ballmer]] as president of Microsoft but remaining as Chair and CEO himself.<ref name="keyevents" /> The company released [[Windows 98]], an update to Windows 95 that incorporated a number of Internet-focused features and support for new types of devices.<ref name="keyevents" /> On April 3, 2000, a judgment was handed down in the case of [[United States v. Microsoft]],<ref name="usvms" /> calling the company an "abusive monopoly"<ref name="findingsoffact" /> and forcing the company to split into two separate units. Part of this ruling was later overturned by a federal [[Appeal|appeals court]], and eventually settled with the U.S. Department of Justice in 2001.
In 2001, Microsoft released [[Windows XP]], the first version that encompassed the features of both its business ''and'' home product lines. Before XP was released, Microsoft had to maintain both the [[Windows NT|NT]] and the [[Windows 9x|9x]] codebase. XP introduced a new [[graphical user interface]], the first such change since Windows 95.<ref name="keyevents" /><ref name="MS-XPProFeatures">{{cite web |date=2004-08-25 |url=http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/pro/evaluation/features.mspx |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070818081834/http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/pro/evaluation/features.mspx |archivedate=2007-08-18 |title=Windows XP Professional Features |publisher=Microsoft |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> In late 2001, with the release of the [[Xbox]], Microsoft entered the multi-billion-dollar [[game console]] market dominated by [[Sony]] and [[Nintendo]].<ref name="keyevents" /> Microsoft encountered turmoil in March 2004 when antitrust legal action was brought against it by the [[European Union]] for abusing its current dominance with the Windows operating system (see [[European Union Microsoft antitrust case]]), eventually resulting in a judgment to produce new versions of its Windows XP platform—called Windows XP Home Edition N and Windows XP Professional N—that did not include its [[Windows Media Player]], as well as a fine of €497 million ($613 million).<ref name="CNN-MSfine">{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2004/BUSINESS/03/24/microsoft.eu/ |title=Microsoft hit by record EU fine |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=2004-03-25 |accessdate=2006-05-19}}</ref><ref name="euantitrust">{{cite web |title=Commission Decision of 24.03.2004 relating to a proceeding under Article 82 of the EC Treaty (Case COMP/C-3/37.792 Microsoft) |publisher=Commission of the European Communities |url=http://ec.europa.eu/comm/competition/antitrust/cases/decisions/37792/en.pdf |date=2004-04-21 |accessdate=August 5 |accessyear=2005 |format=[[PDF]]}} (from the official EU website)</ref>
===2006–present: Vista and other transitions===
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