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He was a significant figure in a series of debates over [[cultural relativism]] and postmodern theory among American cultural anthropologists in the 1980s and early 1990s, in which he consistently argued for the importance of the comparative method and the appreciation of universal cultural and psychological processes.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1525/can.1986.1.3.02a00010 |title=Cultural Relativism and the Future of Anthropology |journal=Cultural Anthropology |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=259–286 |year=1986 |last1=Spiro |first1=Melford E. |s2cid=145249843 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1525/eth.1993.21.2.02a00010 |title=Is the Western Conception of the Self 'Peculiar' within the Context of the World Cultures? |journal=Ethos |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=107–153 |year=1993 |last1=Spiro |first1=Melford E. }}</ref>
Spiro received his B.A. from the [[University of Minnesota]] in 1942<ref>{{Cite web |title=Melford E. Spiro papers {{!}} Collection {{!}} search=null {{!}} SOVA |url=https://sova.si.edu/record/NAA.2015-04 |access-date=2022-08-21 |website=sova.si.edu}}</ref>, where he majored in philosophy,<ref name="D'Andrade 2015">{{cite journal |doi=10.1073/pnas.1500172112 |pmid=25675524 |pmc=4343101 |title=Melford E. Spiro, 1920–2014 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=7 |pages=1915–1916 |year=2015 |last1=d'Andrade |first1=Roy G. |bibcode=2015PNAS..112.1915D |doi-access=free }}</ref> following which he studied at the [[Jewish Theological Seminary in New York City]]. Having developed an interest in culture theory, he explored this interest
Spiro became professor emeritus at UCSD in 1990, but continued teaching for another decade. He was a member of the [[National Academy of Sciences]] and the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]. He served terms as president of the [[American Ethnological Society]] and the [[Society for Psychological Anthropology]] (SPA) and was one of the founders of the SPA's journal, ''Ethos''.
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