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In his 1909 book ''[[Classification des dialectes arméniens]]'', Adjarian claims that the Karabakh dialect occupied the largest area of the Armenian dialects. According to Adjarian, it was spoken in the cities of [[Shusha]], [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Elisabethpol]] (now Ganja), [[Shaki, Azerbaijan|Nukha]] (now Shaki), [[Baku]], [[Derbent]], [[Agstafa]], [[Dilijan]], [[Vanadzor|Karaklis]] (now Vanadzor), [[Qazax|Kazak]], [[Lori Province|Lori]], [[Arasbaran|Karadagh]], [[Lilava]] quarter of [[Tabriz]] (Iran), [[Burdur]] and [[Ödemiş]] (in Turkey).{{sfn|Adjarian|1909|p=25}}
[[Nagorno-Karabakh]] (''nagorno'' means "mountainous" in Russian, comes from the Soviet-era name of the region, now used by the Western academia for political purposes of neutrality) has been historically populated by Armenians. Since the late Middle Ages, Turkic tribes migrated to the region and by the 19th century it was populated by both Armenians and partially by [[Azerbaijanis]] (called "Caucasian Tatars" at the time). After the [[Russian Revolution of 1917]], Karabakh was disputed by independent Armenia and Azerbaijan with none of them completely controlling the claimed area. Karabakh was taken over by the Bolsheviks in 1920 and included in [[Soviet Azerbaijan]] in 1923.<ref name="Hannum">{{cite book|last=Hannum|first=Hurst|title=Autonomy, Sovereignty, and Self-Determination: The Accommodation of Conflicting Rights|year=1996|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9780812215724|page=367}}</ref>
Until the late 1980s, most Armenians living in [[Soviet Azerbaijan]] spoke the Karabakh dialect.<ref name="lraber characteristics"/><!-- В настоящее время этот диалект функционирует в НКАО и прилегающих районах АзССР, в Баку, а также среди армян-переселенцев из Нагорного Карабаха, ныне проживающих в Армении, на Северном Кавказе, в Средней Азии и других регионах нашей страны. --> The Karabakh (75% Armenian-populated before the conflict)<ref name="Hannum"/><ref name="HRW"/> was officially under jurisdiction of Azerbaijan and was known as [[Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast]] (NKAO). Besides Karabakh, many Armenians resided in the cities of [[Baku]], [[Kirovabad]], [[Sumgait]]. In the late 1980s, Baku alone had an Armenian population of over 200,000.<ref>
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