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[[File:ColourIris.png|thumb|upright=1|Iris recognition biometric systems apply mathematical pattern-recognition techniques to images of the [[iris (anatomy)|irises]] of an individual's eyes.]]
'''Iris recognition''' is an automated method of [[biometrics|biometric]] identification that uses mathematical pattern-recognition techniques on video images of one or both of the [[iris (anatomy)|irises]] of an individual's [[Human eye|eyes]], whose complex patterns are unique, stable, and can be seen from some distance. The discriminating powers of all [[biometrics|biometric]] technologies depend on the amount of [[Entropy (information theory)|entropy]]<ref>{{citation |title="Understanding Biometric Entropy and Iris Capacity:
|last1=Daugman
|url=http://arxiv.org/abs/2308.03189 |access-date=Aug 8, 2023 }}</ref> they are able to encode and use in matching. Iris recognition is exceptional in this regard, enabling the avoidance of "collisions" (False Matches) even in cross-comparisons across massive populations.<ref>https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~jgd1000/iris-entropy-capacity.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2023}}</ref> Its major limitation is that image acquisition from distances greater than a meter or two, or without cooperation, can be very difficult. However, the technology is in development and iris recognition can be accomplished from even up to 10 meters away or in a live camera feed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Choi |first={{!}} Tyler |date=2022-06-13 |title=Iris recognition reaches the mainstream for identification, authentication {{!}} Biometric Update |url=https://www.biometricupdate.com/202206/iris-recognition-reaches-the-mainstream-for-identification-authentication |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=www.biometricupdate.com |language=en-US}}</ref>▼
|first1=John
|date=2023
▲
[[Retinal scan]]ning is a different, ocular-based biometric technology that uses the unique patterns on a person's retina blood vessels and is often confused with iris recognition. Iris recognition uses video camera technology with subtle [[near infrared]] illumination to acquire images of the detail-rich, intricate structures of the iris which are visible externally. Digital templates encoded from these patterns by mathematical and statistical algorithms allow the identification of an individual or someone pretending to be that individual.<ref>{{cite news|last=Zetter|first=Kim|title=Reverse-Engineered Irises Look So Real, They Fool Eye-Scanners|url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2012/07/reverse-engineering-iris-scans/all/|access-date=25 July 2012|newspaper=Wired Magazine|date=2012-07-25}}</ref> Databases of enrolled templates are searched by matcher engines at speeds measured in the millions of templates per second per (single-core) CPU, and with remarkably low false match rates.
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